Minyaka yonke, esizeni sethu, umbhede owodwa wawubekelwe nje uphizi ojwayelekile. I-peas eluhlaza evuthiwe yayijatshulelwa yibo bobabili abadala nezingane, sayifaka kumasaladi nesobho, futhi kwasala ubhontshisi omncane obandisiwe ebusika. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, kube nokudumala okuthile kuleli siko ngenxa yokulimala kwezinambuzane. Kwakufanele isikhathi esincane futhi ukubhala kulahlekile: uhhafu wesitshalo njengoba wawunjalo. Futhi enye into: naye uyavuthwa, uvuthiwe, usemangele.
Ukushiya uphizi oluhlaza kusize leli cala. Ngelinye ilanga kwafika umakhelwane futhi, ebengibuka ngihluza uphizi, ngihlukaniswa nginempilo futhi ngigula, ngibonisa uzwela engibiza ngo "Cinderella", ethi: "U-Eugene, ukube benginguwe, bengizothatha lesi siko ngibe nelinye ipea elibizwa ngokuthi yiNut. bathanda izinambuzane ngoba ziqukethe i-oxalic acid eminingi emifino. " Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngentokozo enkulu ekhombisa ulwazi lakhe ngamakhambi okwelapha, akazange avume ukufaka uhlu lwazo zonke izindlela zokupholisa amaphuphu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwangithatha isineke esikhulu ukumlalela kuze kube sekupheleni. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwenkulumo yakhe eyisidina, ngambonga ngalolo lwazi futhi ngamthembisa ukuthi "uzoqaphela."
Izinkukhu, noma uphizi waseTurkey, noma uphizi we-mutton (Cicer arietinum) - isitshalo somndeni we-legume. Imbewu yenkukhu ingumkhiqizo wokudla ithandwa kakhulu eMiddle East; isisekelo se-hummus.
Izithelo nenkukhu.
Izici eziwusizo zeNkukhu
Izici eziwusizo zezinyosi, asibhaleli emazwini kamakhelwane wami othandekayo, kodwa ngokusho kochwepheshe. Abanye babo bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa ye-tryptophan equkethwe kuma-chickpeas, athuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu, kwaguqulwa inguquko kusuka ezingxabanweni zangaphambili ezingqondweni zabantu kuya emqondweni ohlelwe kahle kakhulu. Ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi abantu “bahlakaniphile” babonga le-amino acid, ehlobene ngqo nokukhiqizwa kwe-serotonin ebaluleke kunazo zonke, eqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwezifiso zikagesi ezivela kumaseli.
Ama-chickpeas acebile ngamavithamini kanye namaminerali. "Ukhipha emhlabathini ushayele kuthayi" cishe lonke ithebula lesikhathi. Ine-phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, lecithin, riboflavin (Vitamin Bg), thiamine (Vitamin Bi), nicotinic ne-pantothenic acid, choline. IVithamini C nayo ikhona kuma-chickpeas ngamanani anele, futhi inani layo ekuhlumeni imbewu landa kakhulu. Ibuye ibe namafutha anempilo (kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-7%). Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu - iqongelela into ebalulekile yomkhondo efana ne-selenium. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezinokushoda kwe-selenium. Ukuntuleka kwe-selenium kubangela izifo eziningi ezimbi kumuntu - ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala okwandayo, izifo zamanyikwe kanye ne-yegilo yegilo, i-dystrophy yomsipha wenhliziyo, i-sclerosis eminingi, i-oncological nezinye izifo ezingenabungozi. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukudla ama-chickpeas kungasiguqula lesi sifo, kuvuselele igazi, kuvikele umzimba wakho kuma-neoplasms.
Ukuzilolonga kufakazele kaningi ukuthi ama-chickpeas asiza abanesifo sikashukela, labo abachayeka emisebeni, kanye ne-anemia, i-arrhythmias yenhliziyo, izifo zezinzwa, izifo zamazinyo kanye nesifo sezinsini, umqubuko wesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugqugquzela ukuqothulwa kwamatshe emenyeni nakwisigaxa, kuhlanza imithambo yegazi, kubuye kuthambise nomfutho wegazi. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amaphuphu asiza ezimweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuvikela izifo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngeke kulimaze noma ngubani.
Izinkukhu, noma uphizi waseTurkey, noma uphizi we-mutton (Cicer arietinum).
Indaba kaNut
Njengoba i-chickpeas isiko lakudala kakhulu (abantu babazi ngalo eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule BC), inomlando wezwe ocebile. AmaGrikhi nabaseGibhithe bakwethula okokuqala ekudleni. EGibhithe lasendulo, oFarao kuma-frescoes baboniswa ngamagatsha e-chickpea, okufanekisela amandla, amandla namandla owesilisa. Ngokukholelwa ebusheni bokufa, abaseGibhithe bahamba nababusi babo bayongena kwelinye izwe ngembewu yalesi sitshalo. Babhala ukuthi batholwe abavubukuli baseJapan ethuneni likaTutankhamun. IChippea inendawo ebanzi yokusatshalaliswa: INyakatho Melika, i-Iran, i-India, iBurma, i-Italiya, iTanzania, i-Australia kanye namanye amazwe amaningi.
Isibalo sezimpilo zabantu ezilondolozwe sibonga amachwane ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo ngeke zibalwe. Phakathi kwemidumba, ithathwa njengengaxutshiwe ezindaweni zokudla okunempilo nezokwelapha. Futhi enye impahla ebaluleke kakhulu yama-chickpeas: inenduku, ingena emhlabathini ekujuleni kwe-2 m, izimpande ezigqinsiwe. Kwakhiwa amaqhubu kuwo ngenxa yokufanekiselwa kwezitshalo ngamagciwane ane-nodule, ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zingabanikezeli abahle bezithako ze-nitrogen enhlabathini (cishe ama-50 kg e-nitrogen ngehektare eyi-1, elihambelana nama-kg kg ayi-150 ammonium nitrate). Noma ngabe "amatshalo" anamandla wamandla kangakanani wokuvuna okuzayo kwezinye izilimo!
Izithelo zeNkukhu.
Izinkukhu Ezikhulayo
Okokuqala, futhi indawo enhle kakhulu yalesi pea isakhiwo lapho yonke iminyaka eyedlule sasinenombolo encane kakhula lwakudala. Inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ihlulwe futhi ithambe. Izinkukhu zivumela kahle ukuqunjelwa, ukuze imibhede ibekwe kude ne-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kuliqiniso, kunezincomo zokutshala izinkukhu ngokushesha okukhulu, ngebanga elingafinyelela kuma-50 cm ukuze sithole isivuno esingcono. Ukujula kwemibhede kufanele okungenani kube ngu-10 cm. (Kunezincomo - kuze kufike ku-15 cm.). Uma utshalwe ngokujule kangaka, mhlawumbe, kungakuhle ukuthi uphathe imbewu yezinkukhu ngaphambi kokutshala nezidakamizwa ukwenza ngcono ukuhluma kwazo nokukhulisa umkhiqizo. Isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela imbewu yalesi sitshalo isikhathi lapho ingaphezulu lifudumele ngaphezulu kuka + 5 ° C.
Isitshalo sezinkukhu. © UVictor M. Vicente SelvasUkunakekelwa kwenkukhu kuyenziwa kucatshangelwa ezinye zezici zawo. IChippea isisitshalo esidonsayo esivuthayo, "usuku olude", ayiqhekeki njengethanga, ayikhuli futhi ayilali phansi, yize ifinyelela ku-50-60 cm ukuphakama. Akubona bonke abalimi abakubona njengokukhiqiza okuphezulu, yize ezivandeni ezizimele kunengqondo ukuthola izitshalo ngehektha elilodwa lamathani amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Lesi sitshalo simelana nokushisa nesomiso, izithombo zimelana nesithwathwa kuze kufike ku-7 ° C. Noma kunjalo, akunconywa ukuyikhipha "ngokungadingekile" ekuhlolweni kweqhwa.
Zonke izitshalo zithanda ukushisa, izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zincoma ukutshala i-chickpea ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Kukholelwa ukuthi amachaphaza akhula kahle futhi athela izithelo ngisho nasemhlabathini ompofu, ngakho-ke ukuthola isivuno esihle salesi sitshalo akudingekile ukuba unakekele kakhulu umanyolo. Noma kunjalo, ama-chickpeas anconyelwa ukondliwa ngomanyolo we-phosphorus ne-potassium (futhi yena ngokwakhe une-nitrogen eyanele). Lesi sitshalo cishe asikubekezeleli ukubulala ukhula, futhi izitshalo zingabhubhisi nje kuphela amakhemikhali asanda kwethulwa, kodwa futhi nezinto eziyizinsalela zamakhemikhali ezihlala emhlabathini isikhathi eside. Ngalesi sizathu, ngezinkukhu, kungcono ukukhetha isiza esingalashwa nge "chemistry" iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2. Kuyacaca ukuthi i-dacha iyindawo ngqo lapho uNkulunkulu uqobo ayala ukuthi kukhule lolu bhula, njengoba izakhamizi zasehlobo, njengomthetho, zisebenzisa i-chemistry ngokucophelela engadini yabo.
Kukholakala ukuthi ama-chickpeas angavunwa ekuqaleni kwezinsuku ezingama-80 ngemuva kokutshala, kepha kwezinye izinhlobo zale nkathi kungaba yizinsuku eziyi-100 noma ngisho eziyi-120. Vele, umuntu akufanele aphuthelwe isikhathi sokuvuthwa, ngoba kuyinto engathandeki ukuthi amachwane amnyama awele ngaphansi kwezimvula zasekwindla, okuzoholela kumonakaliso wesitshalo.
Okusanhlamvu kwamachwane amhlophe (aseYurophu) nohlaza (amaNdiya) aluhlaza. © Sanjay AcharyaKusetshenziswa iChickpea
Izinkukhu asetshenziswa njengokudla, njengepisi ejwayelekile, ukulungiselela izitsha ezahlukahlukene - amasobho, amasaladi, ama-vinaigrette, izitsha eziseceleni namaphayi.
Ngokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo, ungasebenzisa iresiphi elandelayo: hlambulula isigamu sengilazi kabhontshisi bese ufaka amanzi ngobusuku obubodwa. Ekuseni, okusanhlamvu we-chickpea kuzokhula kabili ngevolumu. Lesi isibonelelo semihla ngemihla somuntu omdala. Ubhontshisi ovuvukala emanzini ungadliwa ubomvu, uma isisu sivumela, noma ubilise: uthele amanzi futhi upheke isigamu sehora, ngezikhathi ezithile ungeze amanzi ngevolumu yangempela. Sebenzisa ama-chickpeas abilisiwe we-3-5 tbsp. wezipuni kanye nenani elifanayo lomhluzi isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla kwezinsuku ezingama-20. Bese bathatha ikhefu izinsuku eziyishumi, bese bephinda inqubo, ngakho-ke izikhathi 2-3 ngonyaka.
