Imibhede efudumele eyenziwe ngezandla iyithuba elihle lokuthola isivuno ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Intwasahlobo yethu yaseRussia enomsindo ivame ukugcwala isimanga esingathandeki, isibonelo, amaconsi abukhali emazingeni okushisa aze afike kuqhwa. Kulesi sihloko, sabelana ngolwazi lwethu ekwakheni imibhede efudumele yokutshala imikhiqizo yemifino.
UNikolai Kurdyumov, isazi sezolimo esidumile nesasakaza ukulima kwemvelo, uthe inzalo akuyona isimo, kepha inqubo enamandla eyenzeka emhlabathini. Imibhede efudumele kumasendlalelo yakhelwe kahle ukwenza le nqubo eqhubekayo yokuphila.
Izilimo zemifino zikhula kangcono kakhulu kwisisekelo esiphilayo semibhede efakwe, kulula ngabo ukubhekana namafrimu asebusuku bokubekezelela, ukubekezelela ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa. Imifino emigqonyeni efakwe ivuthwa ngokushesha, kanti izindleko zabasebenzi babahlali basehlobo ziyancishiswa.
Ingadi emangalisayo ye-Igor Lyadov
Inqubo yonke yemifino ekhula ngohlelo lweLyadov ingancishiswa ibe yimisebenzi emibili yezobuchwepheshe - ukutshalwa kwemifino emigqumeni emincane ehlelwe kahle ngokwendlela kaMitlider kanye nokufuya kwemvelo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane.
Iminyaka eminingi ilandelana, ingadi ka-Igor Lyadov ibingakhathazeki. Imifino esimweni sezulu esiseMpumalanga Ekude yazizwa ingakhululekile, ihlushwa ukugcwala amanzi, ukuthambisa.
Ukugqoka njalo phezulu kumanyolo wamaminerali akuzange kusindise lesi simo, ukunambitheka kwemifino bekunganelisi, ukwehla kwamazambane kubhekwe, isivuno sezilimo zemifino sincipha minyaka yonke.
Umuntu othanda ukusebenza engadini wanquma ukuthatha itulo lakhe ngokungathi sína. Ubuye waveza ukuthi uma usebenzisa imibhede yendabuko ebanzi, amaqabunga alezo zitshalo kuphela ezazitholakala emaphethelweni wegaba akhula.
Umlimi uphetha ngokuthi ukuba khona kwezixuku zomoya ohlanzekile nendawo kuthinta izinqubo zokukhula kwezitshalo nentuthuko. U-Igor Nikolaevich uthola isiqinisekiso semibono yakhe ngendlela yokutshala imifino ye-Mitlider. Ifika phansi ezitshalweni ezikhulayo emigqeni emincane yemhlaba enesikhala esikhulu ngokwanele somugqa (75 cm noma ngaphezulu).
Umlimi wezitshalo waseRussia unquma ukuguqula indlela futhi aphakamise imibhede efudumele eyenziwe ngezandla zakhe ngenhla kwezindlela ezingcolile ngamasentimitha angama-20 ukuze asuse izikhukhula ezivamile, okungajwayelekile endaweni ahlala kuyo. Umphathi wegadi olimangazayo wahlanganisa uthango lwamapulangwe - ibhokisi, futhi wabopha nezigodi.
Ucingo olunjalo lwalusebenza njengesivikelo ekuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Umphumela waba isitsha esithuthukisiwe.
Izinzuzo zeziqukathi zisobala:
- ukwakheka kwemibhede kugcinwa ngesikhathi sokukhula;
- izingqimba zamanzi enhlabathini, nezitshalo zinganiselwa kaningi;
- ibhokisi elenziwe ngokhuni lenze ukuba kube nomquba ophumelelayo;
- imigqomo ephakeme ivimbela ukulahleka kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nekhabhoni diokshini ezivezwa ngama-microorganisms.
Ngokushesha uLyadov unquma ukuyeka umanyolo wamaminerali. Izitshalo ezikhule engadini yakhe zithola kuphela izinto eziphilayo ngendlela yomquba, ukumilisa amakhambi, umquba, umanyalu. I-Wood ash nayo iyasetshenziswa. Imibhede efudumele nengadi emangalisayo ye-Igor Lyadov iyisibonelo esihle sokulima kwemvelo endaweni evulekile.
Imibhede engadini eluhlaza okotshani be-polycarbonate ne-polyethylene
Ukuze izitshalo zingazihluphi ngokubuya kwesithwathwa, futhi futhi ukuze kusheshiswe ukukhula kwazo, kuyanconywa ukuthi izithombo zamakhukhamba zikhule ngaphansi kwesembozo sefilimu kuze kufike ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi. Ngaphambi kokwenza imibhede ku-greenhouse, kufanele ihlanzwe ngokuphelele, ihlanzeke izinsalela zonyaka odlule bese zibuyisela izinto ezonakele. Egreenhouse encane, kungakhiwa imibhede emithathu emincane, kusale izindlela ezimbili zokulungiswa.
Izinto zokwakha imibhede efudumele zisebenzisa izinto ezifanayo njengombhede engadini. Ebhokisini elilungiswe kahle, yenza zonke izinto ezidingekayo.
Embhedeni ofudumele ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela ethembekile eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate noma i-polyethylene, izitshalo zizizwa zingcono kakhulu, zikhula ngokushesha futhi zibekezelele ukupholisa isikhathi sobusuku phezu kwenhlabathi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi.
Uma ufuna ukuthola imikhiqizo yokuqala yamakhukhamba yokuqala, khona-ke udinga ukuyikhulisa ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Lapho ukhule ngezithombo, ungagcina imbewu ebizayo noma enqabile, imbewu ngayinye izothela isivuno futhi ngeke ilahleke emhlabathini.
Izithombo zamakhukhamba zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo yokulima lapho kuvela amaqabunga amane eqiniso ezitshalweni.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emibhedeni ephezulu efakiwe yenza izimbobo. Ukujula kufanele kube ngokulingana nokujula kwengilazi lapho izithombo zamakhukhamba zazitholakala khona.
Emigqumeni enjalo ku-greenhouse engagcinwanga, ukhukhamba utshalwa emgqeni owodwa maphakathi nethamo, kusale ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezingama-20 cm.
Ngemuva kwesonto, izitshalo kumele ziboshwe kwizikhonkwane, futhi kangcono ku-trellis. Unqenqema olungaphansi lwentambo luboshwe kwisiswebhu sekhukhamba ngaphezulu kweshidi lesithathu, ukuphakama - 12 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba.
Umbhede ofudumele onomquba wokufudumeza kanye nomquba ngaphansi kwesiphephelo se-polycarbonate noma ifilimu unikeza ukubusa okuhle kwezitshalo.
Izinga lokushisa lilawulwa umoya omncane, ngoba lokhu ungamane uphakamise ifilimu leplastiki noma uvule iwindi.
Ibhokisi lezinkuni lizobamba umswakama isikhathi eside. Ukhukhamba yisitshalo semifino esithanda umswakama kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokungena esikhathini sezithelo, kuyadingeka ukunisela ukutshala ikhukhamba njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, kuyilapho ukuhamba kwamanzi ngesitshalo ngasinye kungamalitha angama-0.5.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ukhukhambauniselwa nsuku zonke, kusetshenziswa amalitha ayi-1.5 - 3 amanzi empandeni ngayinye.
Ngokuqala kokushisa okuqhubekayo, izinto zokumboza zisuswe ngokuphelele.
Ukutshala imifino emibhedeni efudumele entwasahlobo nasekwindla
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zanamuhla, ezibunjiwe ngisho nangezandla zazo ezinekhono, ziyabiza kakhulu kubahlali basehlobo, ngakho abanikazi abashisekayo bazama ukukusebenzisa.
Noma ngabe abamba ukushisa ngaphandle kokufudumeza okwengeziwe, futhi uhlala ezweni isikhathi esilinganiselwe, ungathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bezolimo obukhipha isivuno esiluhlaza kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuLwezi. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kuyasebenza kumagumbi okugcina izithombo, ingilazi evaliwe unyaka wonke noma i-polycarbonate.
Ku-greenhouse engashisiwe, ukuhlwanyelwa kwezilimo ezibandayo ezibandayo kuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, noma ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, uma isimo sezulu sifudumele.
Eyokuqala ukuwela emhlabathini imbewu ye-radish, iparsley, dill, ulethisi, i-arugula, iklabishi le-Peking kanye nesinaphi.
Akunandaba ukuthi i-greenhouse iyivikela kanjani, ngoba ukutshala kuqala kufanele ukwengeze izitshalo ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe.
Ngendlela efanayo, ungatshala zonke lezi zilimo ekwindla, unwebe isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamakhambi amasha kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba.
Isivuno se-Autumn se-greenery
Ungawenza kanjani umbhede ofudumele ekwindla wamakhambi akhulayo kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba?
- Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, lo abamba ukushisa ngokuphelele mahhala ezitshalweni zamatamatisi, upelepele we-isitshalo seqanda, kuhle uma ulondolozwa imivimbo embalwa yamakhukhamba. Ngakho-ke kungani hhayi izindawo ezikhululekile, ezimboze ngokuthembekile kusuka kubusuku obubandayo, ukuyisebenzisela ibhizinisi.
- Njengasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, hlanza ngokucophelela i-greenhouse kusuka kumfucumfucu wezitshalo, ezitshalweni ezisele, susa wonke umonakalo, amaqabunga aphuzi aphethwe yizifo, hlamba izingqimba ze-polycarbonate.
- Sika inhlabathi, uthele ngesisombululo esimnyama esimnyama se-potassium permanganate, inkathi nge-humus, umlotha wezinkuni kanye ne-superphosphate.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, uthele amacimbi alungiselelwe ngesisombululo se-phytosporin, wenze imisele futhi uhlwanyele imifino imifino.
Umbhede ofudumele, owakhiwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa ongashisi, uzokuvumela ukuthi ukhule imifino kuze kufike izinsuku zokugcina zikaNovemba
Imibhede efudumele ye-DIY, ukukhiqizwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Kunomthetho onjalo womlimi: yonke into ethathiwe emhlabeni kumele ibuyiselwe kuyo:
- Dala imigodi yomquba esizeni bese uyigcwalisa, ungeza umhlaba omncane ovundile, we-peat.
- Gcina ngokucophelela umgomo wes sandwich, okungukuthi, izingqimba.
- Ukuze inqwaba yomquba ibe yimbumba egcwele ngokuphelele, umugqa ngamunye wokungcola kufanele umbozwe nge-urea noma omunye umquba weNitrogen.
- Omunye umbandela: Umquba kufanele uniselwe, okungenani amabhakede amanzi ayi-15 kuzodingeka angqongqozwe ngaphezulu kwemitha eyi-skwele. Futhi khumbula, udinga ukuthulula amanzi ngokulinganayo, kulo lonke usizi lwenqwaba. Engqungqutheleni yomquba ne-humus, ngokushesha iminyundu eminingi yomhlaba, izoguqula umquba kanye no-humus ube yi-humus evundile.
Ungenza kanjani umbhede ofudumele:
- Kuyadingeka ukwehlisa ibhokisi kusuka emabhodini, elizovikela umbhede, bambe umgodi wensimbi ezungeze uzungeze webhokisi uhhafu wemitha ungene emhlabathini.
- Yakha umsele, ubeke umquba endaweni okuhlosiwe ngayo, bese uyimboza ngomhlaba.
- Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukufafaza umlotha ngaphezulu kombhede, lokhu kusiza ukuvikela ukutshala ezinambuzaneni.
Imibhede efudumele ephezulu izokongela amanzi okunisela. Kunconywa ukufaka izithombo zezihlahla zomhlabathi ngotshani obelukiwe, omiswe kancane elangeni.
