ETunbergia

ILiana tunbergia (Thunbergia) isitshalo esinezimbali futhi simelela umndeni wama-acanthus. Izwe lakubo liyindawo ezishisayo zase-Afrika, eningizimu ye-Asia neMadagascar. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-200. Lesi sitshalo saqanjwa ngokuthi iThunbergia (igama lesayensi) ukuhlonipha iSwede Karl Peter Thunberg, owayengungoti wemvelo futhi ecwaninga ngomhlaba wezitshalo nezilwane zaseNingizimu Afrika naseJapan. Izakhamizi zamazwe ase-Europe zisasibiza lesi sitshalo ngokuthi yiSuzanne emnyama ngenxa yokuthi maphakathi nembali kukhona ipepile elicishe limnyama onsomi. Hlakulela njengengadi, kanye nesitshalo.

Izici zeTunbergia

ITunbergia imelelwa yizihlahla nemivini zombili. Amapulangwe e-ovoid aphelele noma anenhliziyo, kanye namapuleti amaqabunga alayishwe spider anama-pubescence angaqinile futhi afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-2,5 kuya ku-10 ubude. Kunezinhlobo zezinto lapho umngcele wamaqabunga ugcwele. Ububanzi bezimbali ezibabazekayo bungama-40 mm; banejamo lomumo kanye nama-pedicel amade. Bangakwazi ukungashadi noma babe yingxenye ye-inflorescence. Izimbali zinemibala ehlukahlukene, isibonelo, zingapendwa ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, onsomi, owolintshi, omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, ophuzi no nsundu. Kunezinhlobo ngisho nezimbali ezibomvu. Kunezinhlobo ezithile nezinhlobonhlobo ze-tunbergia, izimbali zazo ezikhipha iphunga elinamandla kakhulu. Izimbali ziqala ngoJulayi futhi ziphela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-tunbergia yinto engapheli, kepha maphakathi nethambeka ngenxa yobusika obubandayo itshalwa njengonyaka. Imvamisa imbali enjalo isetshenziselwa ukutshala ingadi emile, ngoba uma isekelwa, khona-ke isihlahla singakhula sibe ngamasentimitha angama-200 ukuphakama. I-tunbergia enkulu, njengomthetho, ikhula ngaphakathi ezindlini noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo njengesitshalo sangemuva.

Ukukhula iTunbergia kusuka kwiMbewu

Ukuhlwanyela

Kuyadingeka ukutshala imbewu ye-tunbergia ekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele iphathwe nge-fumar noma i-epin. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa esitsheni esinengxube yomhlabathi oswakanyisiwe, okubandakanya i-peat, umhlaba we-turf, isihlabathi (noma isihlabathi, umhlabathi wephepha ne-humus), okumele uthathwe ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1. Fafaza imbewu ngesendlalelo esincanyana se-substrate, bese izilimo ziniselwa ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwalokho iziqukathi kufanele zimbozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi bese zifakwa efasiteleni, okufanele likhanyiswe kahle, noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ukuvikela izitshalo elangeni eliqondile. Khumbula ukuthi isendlalelo esisezitsheni kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi sikhanyiswe kancane. Ukuze izithombo zivele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele zibekwe endaweni lapho kuzoba khona amazinga okushisa omoya asukela ku-22 kuye kuma-24 degrees. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke izithombo zokuqala zingabonakala ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Uma lokhu sekwenzekile, zihlanganisa.

Izithombo

Uma izithombo zikhulu ngokweqile, khona-ke emva kokwakhiwa kwamapuleti amaqabunga ayi-2, azodinga ukukhishwa, ngenkathi izithombo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu kufanele zisuswe. Ungabathola futhi. Ukuze izihlahla zivuthwe kakhudlwana futhi zikhulu, zincipha izithombo ngemuva kokuphakama kwazo ngamasentimitha ayi-12-15. Esimweni lapho kubalulekile kuwe ukuthi izihlahla zinenqwaba eluhlaza eluhlaza okotshani bese kuthi emva kokukhetha, usuthise isitshalo 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen. Labo abakhathalelayo ngezimbali ezinde neziningi kufanele babheke ukuthi izithombo azidingi ukondliwa nhlobo. Ukuze ugweme ukukhetha, imbewu kunconywa ukuthi yenziwe ezinkomeni zepuniat, kuyilapho imbewu engu-3 kufanele itshalwe ngokushesha ku-1.

Ukufakwa kweTunbergia emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni

Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba isithwathwa sidlulile. Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe indawo ohlangothini olungasempumalanga, olungaseningizimu noma olusentshonalanga yegadi, okufanele lube nomthunzi omncane futhi uvikeleke emipheni yomoya. Inhlabathi kufanele ikhishwe kahle, ingathathi hlangothi, igcwele izakhamzimba kanye ne-calcareous. Kulokhu, uma kunesidingo, engeza lime ngaphambi kokumba esizeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izici Zokufika

Lapho wenza izimbobo zokufika, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwazo kufanele lihluke kusuka ku-0,3 kuya ku-0,45 m. Ungakhohlwa ukufaka ukusekelwa ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo; kulokhu, sebenzisa igridi noma ucingo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lo mvini ungakhula womabili uhlangothini. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuniselwa. Ukuqhakaza, njengomthetho, kuqala izinsuku eziyi-100 ngemuva kokuncipha kokuphawulwa.

Izici Zokunakekela

Kulula futhi akunakukhandla ukunakekela ukuduma kwezulu. Ekuqaleni, idinga ukuthambisa ngokulingana, futhi lapho ukuqhakaza kuqala, kuningi, ngokuntuleka kwamanzi, amapuleti amaqabunga kanye nemiqumbe kungawa. Uma ehlobo kuba nesikhathi eside esomile, khona-ke ngeke kube yinto enhle ukufafaza izihlahla ngamanzi, udinga ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa. Qiniseka ukondla izitshalo ngesikhathi sokuvela kwe-efihlekile. Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo badinga ukondliwa isikhathi esisodwa emavikini ama-4, besebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali owenziwayo kulokhu, kepha khumbula ukuthi into esemqoka kulolu daba ukukusona ngokweqile. Susa njalo iziqu ezibuthakathaka, kanye nezimbali eziqale ukubuna. Ungakhohlwa ukuthumela ngesikhathi esifanele iziqu endaweni oyidingayo.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Imvamisa kakhulu, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye namhlopheflies zihlala emithini, kanti ama-aphid angalimaza nesitshalo. Ukuze uqede lezi zinambuzane, kufanele uphathe izitshalo nge-phytoerm noma i-actellic. Uma kunesidingo, lokhu kwelashwa kungaphindwa izikhathi ezi-3 noma ezi-4, kanti isikhathi sekhefu phakathi kwalezi zinqubo kufanele sisuke ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-10. Kwezinye izimo, kuvela izifo zezifo zokukhunta. Amahlamvu athelelekile nezimbali kudingeka zisikwe futhi zichithwe, nesihlahla siphathwe ngesikhunta.

Uma unisela iTurgeria kakhulu, khona-ke ubumba amafomu kumaqabunga awo kanye namahlumela. Uma amahlamvu esiqwini angavamile, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi i-liana izwa ukuntuleka kokukhanya.

IThunbergia ngemuva kwezimbali

Ukuqoqwa kwembewu

Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, lapho izimbali zazivame ukubonisa khona, kukhula izithelo-zebhokisi, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona imbewu. Udinga ukuwaqoqa ngaphambi kokuvula ngokwawo, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo kuthululele ebusweni bendawo. Amabhokisi okusika kumele alethwe egumbini, lapho afafazwa ngembewu ephepheni lephepha. Uma sezomile, zithululelwa ezikhwameni zamaphepha bese zibekwa lapho zigcinwa khona. Ukuhluma kwezinhlamvu ezinjalo kuhlala kuphakeme iminyaka emi-2.

Ubusika

Umvini otshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile lapho kuqala isikhathi sekwindla kufanele ususwe endaweni. Iqiniso ngukuthi lizokufa noma ubusika bungabandi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ama-thunderberg atshalwa ebhodweni le-volumetric or tub. Kulokhu, ekwindla, zonke iziqu kufanele zinqunywe, ngezinhlamvu ezi-4 noma ezi-5 ezisele komunye nomunye wazo. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuqhutshwa kwamaphuzu wokusika ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Letha isihlahla egumbini bese usibeka endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingangeqi ama-degree ayi-15. Lapho, lesi sitshalo siyohlala kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Nyakazisa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesigcawu esingezansi esitsheni.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-tunbergia enezithombe namagama

Izinhlobo ezitshaliwe ze-tunbergia zihlukaniswe ngemivini nezihlahla. Izinhlobo ezidumile ze-tunbergia creeper:

I-Thunbergia winged (Thunbergia alata)

Lolu hlobo nguSuzanne onamehlo amnyama, ochazwe ngokuningana ngenhla. Izimbali zomvini onjalo ziqala ngo-Agasti, bese ziphela ngoSepthemba. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1823. Izinhlobo ezidumile:

ISusberg Tunbergia yizinhlobonhlobo zezimbali ezinezimbali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene: ISusi Orange mit Auge - izimbali zinombala osawolintshi, uSusi Weib mit Auge - izimbali ezinezimbali ezimhlophe, uSusi Gelb mit Auge - izimbali ziphuzi;
I-African Sunset - ukugeleza kwezimbali kuyabonakala ngasikhathi sonke sasehlobo, umbala wezimbali ngu-terracotta;
I-tunbergia kaGregor - leli qembu lifaka izinhlobo eziyi-15, kuyilapho izimbali zigqokwa ngemibala ehlukene ye-orange, yize iqiniso lokuthi alikho iso elimnyama phakathi imbali, zisenomphumela ophakeme wokuhlobisa.

I-tunbergia enezimbali ezinkulu (i-Thunbergia grandiflora), i-grandiflora tunbergia, i-blue tunberia.

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isitshalo samakhambi esinamandla kangako yiNdiya. Iziqu zingama-curly. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza agqamile anomumo obanzi obanzi, kuyilapho ubude bawo bungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuya kwangama-20. Amazinyo amakhulu akhiwe ngasemaphethelweni awo; ngaphansi kwamaqabunga yi-pubescent. Ububanzi bezimbali bungamasentimitha ayi-8, bangapendwa ngopende noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emphinjeni wabo kukhona ucezu lwabamhlophe. Bayingxenye ye-inflorescence, enesimo sebhulashi.

I-Thunbergia iphunga elimnandi (iThunbergia fragrans)

Izwe lakulesi sikhonkwane esihlala sikhona yiSoutheast Asia nase-Australia. Ubude besitshalo esinjalo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6. Amapuleti amaqabunga anjengamaqanda aphikisiwe anengxenye engenhla ekhonjisiwe. Ingaphambili lazo liluhlaza okomnyama, kanti ingaphakathi liphuzi ngokuluhlaza nge-vein emhlophe engaphansi. Izimbali ezinkulu ezivulekile zodwa zidwetshwe zimhlophe futhi zifinyelela ububanzi obungama-50 mm. Banama-bracts kanye nephunga elimnandi kakhulu.