I-Gymnocalycium (Gymnocalycium) ihlobene ngqo nomndeni we-cactus. Le cactus inesimo sebhola, futhi ngokwemvelo ingatholakala eSouth America (Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, South Brazil nase-Argentina). Igama lalesi sitshalo lisuselwa kumagama amabili esiLatini: "i-gymnos" - inqunu ne "calycium" - inkomishi. Lokhu kungenxa yamashubhu wezimbali, ngaphezu kwawo akukho mabhuleki noma izinwele, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ezembozwe ngesikali esiminyene. Izitshalo ezinjalo, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, zingaba nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-Gymnocalycium ragonesii inesilinganiso esingamasentimitha ayi-2,5 kuphela, futhi, ngokwesibonelo, iGymnocalycium sag Hone - ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30. Isiqu sinobume obucwebezelayo noma obuyindilinga. Izimbali zakhiwa engxenyeni ye-apical yesitshalo. Zinamashubhu ezimbali eziphakeme, ingaphezulu lawo limbozwe ngamaqabunga acwebile, kanti azikho ameva noma izinwele. Izimbali ezinde ziyabonakala, ngenkathi lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3. I-cactus iqala ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo, bese iphetha engxenyeni yesibini yesikhathi sekwindla. Izimbali zakhe zingapendwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene.
I-Cactus ukunakekelwa kwe-hymnocalycium ekhaya
Ukukhanya
Uthanda ukukhanya kakhulu. Udinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kokubili ehlobo nasebusika. Uma i-cactus ibekwe efasiteleni, khona-ke izodinga ukubiyelwa imisebe yelanga eqondile ngosuku lwelanga lasehlobo.
Imodi yokushisa
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kudingeka izinga lokushisa elinganiselwe. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sobusika, kunconywa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-15-18 degrees. I-gymnocalycium iyakwazi ukukhula ngokujwayelekile emazingeni okushisa omoya okungenani ama-degree ayi-5.
Umswakama
Izwa into evamile kumswakama ophansi. Futha isitshalo akudingekile.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ukusuka emavikini okugcina entwasahlobo kuya kumaviki okugcina ehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunisela i-cactus njengoba ungqimba ongaphezulu womile wenhlabathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi amile afudumele. Kusukela ukuphela kwenkathi yehlobo, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa kancane kancane. Kusukela maphakathi nesikhathi sekwindla kuyadingeka ukunisela kakhulu kuyaqabukela futhi kancane kancane.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Bondla entwasahlobo nasehlobo isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini amabili noma amathathu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo we-cacti.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Umhlaba ofanele akufanele ube ne-lime futhi ube ne-acidic encane, ngenkathi ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngamanzi acidified. Ukulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi, i-turf neqabunga lomhlabathi, kanye ne-peat, humus nesihlabathi, okufanele kuthathwe ngokulingana, kufanele kuxutshwe. Kunconywa ukufaka ama-chip wezitini namalahle.
Izici Zokufakelwa
Izinhlobo ezintsha ziyatshalwa minyaka yonke, nabantu abadala kuphela uma kunesidingo. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Thatha ibhodwe ngosayizi likhulu nje kuphela kunele elidala.
Izindlela zokuzala
Lesi sitshalo singasakazwa ngembewu nangezingxenye eziseceleni.
Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo lapho izendlalelo zakamuva zikhula khona. Kulula ukusakaza. Ukwehlukanisa izingqimba ezinjalo, ezingenazimpande zazo, kulula kakhulu. Kufanele ijikeleziswe ngokucophelela ngama-tweezers noma ngeminwe, futhi ihlukanise nesitshalo sikamama. Yiyeke ukuze yome ngaphandle amahora angama-24-48. Emva kwalokho, kufanele ibekwe ngaphezulu kwe-substrate enomswakama (ukutshala ingxube yenhlabathi, isihlabathi noma isihlabathi esixutshwe ne-peat). Nikeza ukunakekelwa okufana ne-cactus ejwayelekile. Ukubamba kwezimpawu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ukubekelwa ngezimpande futhi kuhlangana nomama, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukumba ngokucophelela. Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi bancoma inqubo enjalo okufanele yenziwe inqubo yokufakelwa. Ukuqhekeka okunjalo ngokushesha kutshalwa ebhodweni elihlukile, njengesitshalo esidala.
Iningi lalawa cacti lingasakazwa ngembewu. Kulula ukwenza lokhu, futhi izitshalo ezinjalo zizoba namandla, zibe ngcono futhi zibe nempilo enhle, ngokungafani nalezo ezikhulwe kusuka ekubambeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lalezi zitshalo zingatshalwa kuphela kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Ukutshala, ingxube yomhlaba efanayo isetshenziselwa ukufakelwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kufanele ihlolwe kahle. Kunconywa ukuyibhaka kuhhavini noma esitofu ukuze ukhiphe amagciwane. Kuhlwanyelwa emabhodweni amancane, kanti imbewu ayingcwatshwa enhlabathini. Umhlaba kumele ugcotshwe njalo, futhi kulokhu, isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu. Gcina amazinga okushisa angama-20 degrees. Inhlabathi eyomisiwe iniselwa ngesifutho noma ngesigaxa. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa okungenani ehlobo, okungenani ebusika, into esemqoka ukuthi izithombo zikhanyiswe kahle futhi zifudumele. Ama-plantlets amasha abonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12 kuphela angatshalwa ezitsheni ezihlukile.
Ukugoma
Kutshalwa kuphela i-clorti yama-chlorophyll-free, kepha le nqubo nayo ingasetshenziswa ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezingandile, kanye nokusindisa isitshalo esibolile. Gxila ngokulandelayo: i-scion kanye nesiphuphu (okwakhula ngokwengeziwe futhi okunempilo) kufanele kusikwe ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elibukhali kakhulu futhi elinegciwane, bese licindezelwa ngokuqinile endaweni yokusika, ngenkathi lizama ukukhulisa izikhwepha ezivumayo, bese lilungiswa isonto lonke ngebhandeji, i-band elastic kungaba ngemithwalo.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ayithinteki ezinambuzaneni.
Lapho amanzi egwilika enhlabathini, uhlelo lwezimpande lubola, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwe-cactus. Uma uqaphela ukuthi i-hymnocalicium isiqalile ukubola, kuzodingeka isuswe enhlabathini futhi ihlanjwe ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izimpande ezibolile kufanele zisikwe, bese isitshalo somile kancane bese sibekwa ngaphezulu kwengxube entsha yenhlabathi ukuze ibambe.
Ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi sitshalo, ezihluka ngesimo amahlumela, usayizi, futhi nohlobo lwameva. Imvamisa, kungenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi luhlobo luni lwe-hymnocalycium eyakhe kuphela ngemuva kokuba umuntu omdala futhi eqala ukuqhakaza.
I-Gymnocalycium enqunu (Gymnocalycium denudatum)
Isiqu esimnyama esiluhlaza okotshani sinomumo obunjiwe kahle, futhi ubukhulu bungafinyelela kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-10. Siqukethe imiphetho eyindilinga engeyona eyisi-5 kuye kweyi-8 ayihlukaniswanga kube ama-tubercles. Azikho izikhala eziphakathi nendawo. Imisebe yemisebe eyizicucu ezi-5 (ezansi ihlumela lezingcezu eziyi-8), ngobude zedlula ngamamilimitha ayi-10. Ameva awonele, acindezelwe ngokuqinile esicibeni bese edwetshwa ngompunga onsundu. Imiphunga iqoqiwe kuzinqwaba ezinjenge-spider. Izimbali zikhulu impela, zivame ukuba mhlophe, kepha zingapendwe ngombala opinki okhanyayo.
I-Gymnocalycium humpbacked noma i-tuberous (Gymnocalycium gibbosum)
Isiqu sinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inesimo esiyindilinga, okuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka ishintshe ibe yisi-cylindrical, kanti umuntu omdala ongumcabango ufinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-50 kanye nobubanzi bamasentimitha angama-20. Kukhona cishe izimbambo eziyi-15 ezihlukaniswe ngama-grooves aguqukayo abe izingxenye. Kuzo ama-areoles anamaphethelo ansundu atholakala. Munye kuphela umgogodla ophakathi, umgogodla wawo ugobile kancane, kanti isisekelo sawo sibomvu. Kulokhu, kunezingcezu eziyishumi zemisebe ekhipha imisebe engaba yishumi. Mfishane kunezinhlungu eziphakathi nendawo futhi zifinyelela ubude bamasentimitha angama-1-2. Izimbali zipendiwe emthunzini okhilimu. Lesi sitshalo sinezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu - ezimnyama (i-nigrum). Ihlukaniswa isiqu esimnyama esiluhlaza okotshani, kanye nameva adwetshwe mnyama.
I-Quel Gymnocalycium (Gymnocalycium quehlianum)
Isiqu esiluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza obunjwebu obuyimpuphu kumfanekiso wabantu abadala sinobubanziamasentimitha ayi-10. Kunezimbambo ezingaba ngu-10 futhi kungabonakala sengathi ziqukethe amashubhu ayindilinga ayindilinga asondelene kakhulu. Azikho izinqolobane eziphakathi nendawo, futhi ezi-radial - kunezingcezu ezi-5. Zivela emaphethelweni ngomphetho, futhi zibe nombala wophondo lwendlovu, futhi isisekelo sazo zibomvu. Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu ziyithoni ezimbili. Mhlophe futhi i-pharynx yabo ibomvu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo lapho u-spines enemibala ephuzi, emhlophe futhi ebomvu onsundu.
I-Gymnocalycium vidogo (Gymnocalycium parvulum)
Ukwakheka kwesiqu kupende ngombala onsomi obomvana. Kunezimbambo eziyi-13 lapho kukhona ama-areoles aphakeme futhi amakhulu kunawo. Kukhona izingcezu ezi-5 kuya kwezi-7 zezinsika zemisebe ezihlangana ngokuqinile nesiqu, ezinye zazo zigobile. Izimbali ezimhlophe.
I-Gymnocalycium enezimbali ezincane (Gymnocalycium leptanthum)
Isiqu esibanzi esigcotshisiwe ububanzi singafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-7. Kukhona izimbambo eziyisishiyagalombili eziphakeme kakhulu ezihlukaniswe amashubhu ayindilinga. Kunemisipha engu-7 yemisebe ehambisana nesiqu. Ezimbali ezimhlophe, amacembe anezisekelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Phezu kweshubhu ende yezimbali, isikali esilinganayo sombala obonakalayo siyabonakala kahle.
I-Gymnocalycium Mikhanovich (Gymnocalycium mihanovichii)
Isiqu esimpunga esiluhlaza okotshani singafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha amahlanu. Kukhona izimbambo ezisukela ku-8 kuye kwezingu-10 ezinonqenqema oluyi-wavy, futhi esigabeni zingunxantathu. I-areoles isemaphethelweni. Amaphrotheni akhonjisiwe anwebeka ngaphezu kobubanzi bezimbambo futhi ngasikhathi sinye asuke ku-areola ngayinye. Kungabonakala sengathi lesi sitshalo sinezimbambo zombili ezihlukanisiwe futhi ezinde. Kunemisipha yemisebe engu-5 centimeter. Zigobile, izisekelo zazo ziqondiswe esiqwini) zipendwe grey. Izimbali zinombala okhanyayo oluhlaza okotshani. Kunezinhlobonhlobo lapho izimbali zipendwe ngopinki, omhlophe noma ophuzi.
Ukuguqulwa kwezimanga okumangalisayo kwatholakala ezitshalweni zalolu hlobo engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Njengomphumela wokukhethwa, kwavela i- cacti enemibala ebomvu. Namuhla, izitshalo ezinjalo seziye zabizwa ngokuthi iMikhanovich Gimnokalitsium, inhlobonhlobo yeFriedrich (friedrichiae). Ezitshalweni ezinjalo, i-chlorophyll ayikho, futhi ingakhula futhi ikhule ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokushintshaniswa okugcwele kwegesi (i-carbon dioxide - umoya-mpilo). Zingakhuleliswa kuphela kwenye ikhekhe, okufanele zikhule kancane futhi zibe mncane. Isitshalo esixhunyiwe sizothola kuye zonke izinto ezidingekayo aswele. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye izinhlobo ze-clorti ye-chlorophyll-free ziye zakhiwa, ezinombala opinki, ophuzi noma owolintshi.
I-Gymnocalycium Sallo (Gymnocalycium saglione)
Isiqu esisodwa esiluhlaza grey esimile okwebunjiwe sinendawo eqinile, futhi ububanzi bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-30. Amahlumela akamuva awekho. Ngokukhula, ukukhula okuhamba kancane kwenani lezimbambo kusuka kuzicucu ezi-13 kuye kwezingu-32 kwenzeka. Ihlukaniswe ngamabhulabhu amakhulu ngama-areoles nama-grooves. Kunezingcezwana ezi-1 noma ezi-2 ezimnyama ezimaphakathi ezibunjiwe ngentinti ebomvu. Kunezingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-10 zezikhala zemisebe egobekile, futhi ngobude zingafinyelela amasentimitha amane. Izimbali zipendiwe ngombala opinki noma omhlophe.
