Intwasahlobo yabafuyi bezinyosi iqala kakhulu ekuseni. Njengasekuqaleni kwevidiyo enikelwe ukufuya izinyosi, umsebenzi wentwasahlobo endaweni yezidleke zezulu wenziwe kusukela ngoMashi, kwezinye izikhathi kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebhuwari. Ezimpawu zokuqala zokushisa, ukubala kwezinambuzane ebusika kuyaphela kancane, futhi ngokushesha ziqala ukusebenza ngenkuthalo ukuhlanza isidleke.
Umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo wokuqala endaweni yezinyosi nokulungiselela ukundiza
Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, umgcini wezinyosi wokuqala, ohola phambili entwasahlobo endaweni yezinyosi, akufanele asheshe futhi aphazamise nomsebenzi obalulekile wemindeni yezinyosi. Ngemuva kokuqala ubusika, basengozini impela, ababekezeleli ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa, ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kanye nemini. Ekamelweni okukhona kulo izidleke, sebenzisa isibani esibomvu, bese wenza isenzo ngaphakathi esidlekeni ngokushesha nangaphandle kobuhlungu kubahlali.
Imiphi imisebenzi ezokhombisa ukuthi ilusizo futhi isesikhathini ngempela? Ukwenza kanjani ukuhlelwa kwentwasahlobo kwe-apiary?
Ividiyo yabaqalayo yokuthi ungaqala kuphi endaweni yezinyosi ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, izosiza ukugwema amaphutha acasulayo futhi isize ukulungiselela isizini entsha nokuqoqwa kwezinyosi.
Into yokuqala izinyosi ezenzayo ekufikeni kokushisa ihlanza amaseli amaqanda azayo. Njengomphumela wokucutshungulwa okuthuthukile kwesinkwa sezinyosi noju, umzimba wezinambuzane ukhiqiza enye imfucuza.
Esimweni esinjalo, ngenkathi izinyosi zingaphumi esidlekeni, kuyingozi futhi kusebenza kakhulu ngokungenelela, kanye nokondla okungafundile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nomsebenzi wokuvimbela endaweni yezinyosi entwasahlobo
Ukondla izinyosi ngendawo yasentwasahlobo kwentwasahlobo kuphela uma izinambuzane ziveze ukushoda kokudla. Ukuze benze lokhu, benzela amaqebelengwane kashukela noju oxutshwe kubhavu wamanzi noshukela oluyimpuphu, bawasongele ngokwendlalelo eziningana ze-gauze ehlanzekile, bese bemboza ngefilimu, bawabeke ngaphezulu kwezinhlaka. Kungenziwa okufanayo uma, ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo isebenza endaweni yezidleke zezinyosi, umlimi wezinyosi we-novice unezinyosi ezigcwele zoju nezinyosi.
Ngenkathi zonke izinyosi zisezinkomeni, kanti izinambuzane eziphambili namagciwane zingakasebenzi, sekuyisikhathi sokuphulukisa nokuvikela izifo ezivamile. Nawa amathiphu nje ambalwa anikezwe yi-connoisseurs yomsebenzi endaweni yezidleke zasentwasahlobo entwasahlobo:
- Ngale njongo, lapho kutholakala izimpawu ze-nosematosis, i-fummagillin ingeniswa ekwakhekeni kwekhekhe elimnandi lama-2 amagremu ku-1 kg yokugqoka ephezulu.
- Isiraphu yeshukela esetshenziselwa ukugqoka ephezulu inongiwe uwoyela we-dill ngesilinganiso sama-gramu amathathu kwilitha ngalinye. Lesi silinganiso sisiza ukuvimbela ukwanda kwe-varroatosis.
- Ngenhloso efanayo, ukufakwa okungcolile kwelitha lamanzi, kuphephile izinambuzane, kusetshenziswa amagremu ayi-10 amaqabunga eucalyptus aqukethe nge-1 kg kashukela.
- Njengendlela yokwandisa ukungatheleleki, amagremu ama-30- 40 we-decoction ka-pine noma wezinaliti ezi-spruce ilitha ngalinye lesiraphu ayangezwa kokuphakelayo.
Ividiyo emayelana nomsebenzi wasentwasahlobo endaweni yezinyosi nayo izotshela amanye amaqhinga asebenzayo azothakazelisa kubo bobabili abaqalayo kanye nabahluzi bezinyosi abanolwazi.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-apiary entwasahlobo
Ngaphambi kombukiso wezinyosi, kubalulekile ukwenza wonke umsebenzi wokuhlela i-apiary, kufaka phakathi:
- ukuhlanza insimu kusuka kudoti wangonyaka odlule;
- ukulungiswa kwezindawo zokufaka izinyosi, kungcono ukuthi zingamasayithi afanayo nangonyaka owedlule;
- ukufakwa kwabaphuza utshwala futhi ukugcwalisa kwabo ngamanzi ahlanzekile nge engeza encane kasawoti.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokudlulisa imichilo esuka ekhwapheni lasebusika, kuyadingeka ukulinda isimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo, lapho umoya usufudumele ufike ku-12-15 ° С. Kungcono ukuba umsunguli wezinyosi aqale ukwenza lo msebenzi wasentwasahlobo lwezinyosi ngosuku oluzolile noluzolile, kungenjalo kuzoba nzima ukulandela umkhondo wezinyosi ezisukayo.
Ukususwa kwemichilo kwenziwa ngokucophelela, kugwemeka ukugoqa, ukugoqa noma ukushaqeka. Lapho zonke izindlu zihlelekile, awudingi ukushesha futhi ngokushesha uvule inani elikhulu lamakhuba. Okokuqala, imindeni “enomsindo” kakhulu iyakhishwa, bese-ke, ivula iminyango ezinqulwini zama-1-2 emgqeni ngamunye. Imindeni elandelayo idedelana ngezikhathi ezithile zemizuzu ethile.
Ividiyo emayelana nomsebenzi wasentwasahlobo e-apiary izosiza wonke umuntu obandakanyeka ekufuyweni kwezinyosi ngokushesha azulazule futhi angene isizini entsha yokujabulisa abanye ngaphandle kokulahleka.
Ukuhlanza indiza nokuhlolwa komndeni
Lapho usuka, umgcini wezinyosi onolwazi uthola kalula imininingwane ngesimo sezinyosi. Lapho izinambuzane zisebenza ngokuzikhandla, zingcono kakhulu isikhathi sasebusika, futhi okwamanje azikhishwa ekumbeni okuqoqiwe phakathi nobusika.
Izinyosi ezibuthakathaka azikwazi ukukhuphuka ngokwanele, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zihlala ngokuphelele ezindongeni noma emgodini wompompi. Lesi simo sivame ukubonwa ezimweni eziningi:
- ebusika, umndeni wawusele ngaphandle kwesibeletho, futhi manje izinambuzane zikuhlobo lokudideka;
- kwakukhona ukudla okuncane esidlekeni futhi ebusika izinambuzane ziba buthaka;
- inani labantu esidlekeni ligula yi-nosematosis noma lihlaselwe imikhaza.
Uma ngesikhathi sokubhabha kokuqala umakhi wezinyosi ekhomba imindeni enezinkinga ezinjengalesi, isheke lesimo sayo yonke izidleke nokuhlanzwa kwazo kufanele kufakwe ohlelweni lomsebenzi wasentwasahlobo e-apiary.
Zonke izinhlobo zemfucumfucu eqoqwe ngesikhathi sekwindla nasebusika kufanele zisuswe, kanye nawo wonke amakhekheba wezinyosi anezimpawu zokubumba. Ngakho-ke lokho kushiswa komlilo akubangeli ukusabalala kwezifo, kungcwatshwa noma kushiswe. Esikhundleni sohlaka olungenaphutha, umlimi wezinyosi ubeka ezisele noju, ngaleyo ndlela enakekela amalungu emindeni ebuthaka. Ungakhohlwa ukubheka kanye nokubuyiselwa kokufakwa kwe-thermal okuye kwonakala kubusika.
Njengoba isifuba sesivele sivele ngalesi sikhathi, wonke umsebenzi endaweni yezinyosi ngoMeyi nezinye izinyanga zasentwasahlobo wenziwa ngokushesha nangokucophelela ukuze angabanjwa esidlekeni. Imindeni elahlekelwe yisibeletho sayo idinga ukwenziwa ngaphansi kokwethula isibeletho esidlekeni esise-nucleus cell.
Kwabafuyi bezinyosi abaqalayo kanye nanoma ngubani othanda ukufuywa kwezinyosi nomsebenzi wasentwasahlobo endaweni yezinyosi, ividiyo kulesi sihloko izokusiza uqonde kangcono ukulandelana kokusebenza futhi uveze ngokucacile wonke ama-nuances esigaba ngasinye.
Ukuhlanza nokuhlolwa kwezinyosi entwasahlobo endaweni yezinyosi
Kulula kakhulu ukubhekana nezikoko ezinama-bottoms akhipha kalula. Kulokhu, phansi kwesakhiwo kudluliswa ngokucophelela nanoma yiliphi ithuluzi elikuvumela ukuthi ususe konke ukukhula okuye kwakha phakathi nobusika. Ngemuva kwalokho umphezulu ugezwa ngamanzi ashisayo noma uthele ngamanzi abilayo bese womile. Umphumela omkhulu wokubulala amagciwane unikezwa yi-blowtorch.
Uma umgcini wezinyosi wokuqala, enza umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo endaweni yezidleke zezinyosi, unezinhlobo zezinyosi zonke, khona-ke lapha awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezindlu eziseceleni, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ozimele. Ngemuva kokuhlanza nokubukeza kabusha isikhala sesidleke, konke okuqukethwe kubuyiselwa endaweni yabo yasekuqaleni.
Amafreyimu anezithelo zoju nezinyosi, asemaphethelweni wezinyosi zezinyosi, kufanele avulwe futhi aniselwe ngamanzi afudumele. Okondlayo, amakoloni enyosi abelwe ozimele abangama-3-4 noju kanye noluncane nge-perga. Uma kungenasilinganiso esinjalo sokudla entwasahlobo, ukondliwa kwenziwa ngaphandle kwezithelo zesiraphu noma amakhekhe amnandi asuselwa kuju noshukela oluyimpuphu.
Intwasahlobo ithola kabusha ubusika kusuka ebusika, futhi nsuku zonke umgcini wezinyosi unezinkinga nezinkinga ezengeziwe ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusebenza endaweni yezinyosi ngoMeyi kuqukethe ukwakheka kokulanywa kwemindeni yezinyosi nokulungiselela ukufumbathiswa kokuqala kwesizini entsha.
Njengoba cishe inyanga ngemuva kokusuka kokuqala, cishe sonke isizukulwane sasebusika sezinyosi ezisebenzayo ziyafa, abantu abasha balonyaka bayakuthatha okunye. Ukuze izinkalo zingaqhumi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kwesibeletho kusezingeni eliphakeme, kuze kuvele umpe wasentwasahlobo omusha, ungakhohlwa ukondla. Lapho izingane zifaka phakathi iningi lozimele, ngaphandle uma kungezelelwe ngokwedlulele, amakhekeli ongeziwe wezinyosi abekwa ngenani elincane loju ngaphezulu, amangqamuzana okuthi lapho efakwe kuwo okhalweni, avuleke. Uma umgcini wezinyosi engenalo ozimele olwenziwe ngoju, ungasebenzisa olungenalutho, ngemuva kokulucubungula ngesiraphu.
Ukuqala kwesimo sezulu esifudumele esimeme kusikisela isidingo sokwanda kwamanothi nokususwa kwemicamelo. Uma lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi, ingozi yokugcwala nokulahlekelwa ngumndeni yanda kakhulu. Futhi ngokuqhakaza kwezitshalo zokuqala zenyosi, umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo wamabhanoyi udlula esigabeni sokulungiselela futhi wamukele ukufumbathiswa kokuqala.
