Amaphethelo anomusa we-spirea

Igama leSpirea (Spiraea) etholwe egameni lesiGrikhi lasendulo elithi "speira" - okokuklanywa, ukugoba. Amagatsha anobuhle kakhulu futhi agobeka kahle ezinhlotsheni eziningi, okwakukhona isizathu segama lesiLatini lohlobo. Kepha sinegama lethu lesizwe lale shrub - meadowsweet (ngokugcizelelwa eningizimu kwisilabhili sokugcina, nasenyakatho - ekuqaleni). Lokhu akulungile ngokuphelele, ngoba uhlobo lwe-meadowsweet (Filipendula) ifaka phakathi, yize ifana ne-spirea, kepha izitshalo ezine-herbaceous kuphela, kanti zonke izinhlobo zomoya ziyizihlahla ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Ukucacisa. Kweminye imithombo (ngokwesibonelo, ekushicilelweni "Flora of the USSR", 1934-1964) genus Meadowsweet (I-Filipendula) okuwukuphela kwegama lesi-Russian lohlobo olunikezwe - uLabaznik, igama le-meadowsweet lisetshenziselwa uhlobo lweSpirea (I-Spiraea).

I-Cantonese Spirea © 영철 이

Kusuka emlandweni

Lesi sitshalo besaziwa isikhathi eside eRussia. Ku- "Sadko" oyi-epic, lapho umkhumbi weqhwa ume phakathi nolwandle, amatiloshe aphonsa "ukuphonswa kwehhashi". Ngale ndlela, baveza ukuthi ngubani okufanele aphonswe olwandle njengomhlatshelo enkosini yasolwandle. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuqina kombhalo wama-epic phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, kungacatshangwa ukuthi i-meadowsweet (i-spirea) idonsela ukunakekela kokhokho bethu ngisho nalapho kuhlanganiswa i-Sadko epic, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokufakwa kweNovgorod eMoscow Grand Duchy kanye nokubhujiswa kwenkululeko yayo (1478). Kuyiqiniso, asazi futhi, mhlawumbe, ngeke sazi ukuthi kungani kulezo zikhathi ezikude, inkatho yenziwa nge-meadowsweet. Kodwa kusuka kwisichazamazwi seV. I. Dahl kulula ukuthola ukuthi ngekhulu le-19 i-meadowsweet ku-strpe strip yayinokusebenza okusebenzayo ngokuphelele futhi hhayi nhlobo. Izinduku zakhe ezondile futhi eziqinile zaya ku-ramrod nesiswebhu. Kepha zonke lezi zindlela zokusebenzisa izifutho zesikhathi esedlule. Manje zibalulekile njengezitshalo zomhlobiso.

Ekhulwini le-XVI. okokuqala waqala ukukhula nge-spirea loosestrife (1586). Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-200, i-spirea ephakathi ne-oak-leaved yavela kusiko. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. I-Berezol spiraea yangeniswa esikweni. Manje iphuzu elisenyakatho kakhulu lokukhula kwalezi zinhlobo yiKirovsk esiQondweni saseKola, lapho abakuqoqele khona kwePolar-Alpine Botanical Garden. Amanye ama-spirea asetshenziswa ekutshaleni izingadi nasekuhlatshweni kwemvelo imvamisa, kuyilapho amanye kungokwesiporadic kuphela. Kepha cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, ngenxa yomphumela wazo wokuhlobisa, isikhathi sezimbali, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana negesi kanye nokwenziwa lula kokukhiqizwa, kufanele ukunakwa okwengeziwe kusuka kubalimi.

Spirea Thunberg © TANAKA Juuyoh

Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-80-100, ezisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi esifundeni se-steppe, se-steppe kanye ne-semi -hlane, indawo engaphansi kwezintaba eziseNyakatho Nenkabazwe.

Izihlahlana ezinqobayo azivamile ukwedlula 2 m ukuphakama. Uhlobo lwendalo lwesihlahla luhluke kakhulu, kukhona: i-pyramidal, ukukhala, i-hemispherical, imile, inyamazane, ukubulala, njll. Izinhlobo ziyahluka ngesimo nangombala wamaqabunga amahle, amaningi agintsha izingubo zawo eziluhlaza ekwindla ziye kololintshi, ophuzi noma onsomi. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezihluke kakhulu livumela ngokukhethwa okunekhono ukufezekisa ukuqhakaza kwazo okuqhubekayo kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla sekwephuzile. AmaSpirea abaluleke kakhulu ngokuqhakaza okuningi futhi okude. Izimbali zabo zincane, kepha ziningi, ziqoqwe ngama-inflorescences ahlukahlukene ngesimo: i-corymbose, ukwethuka, isikebhe-njenge-pyramidal. Abanye banezimbali ezingashadile. Umbala wezimbali ubuye wahlukahluka - ukusuka kokumhlophe okumsulwa kuya okusajingijolo. Isimo sokuhlobisa indlulamithi sibangelwa hhayi kuphela kulungiselelo oluhlukile lwama-inflorescence kumahlumela, kodwa futhi nesikhathi sezimbali. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezingama-inflorescence awo amboze ngokuphelele ihlumela (i-spiraea acridifolia); kwezinye, ama-inflorescence atholakala engxenyeni engenhla kuphela yamahlumela (i-spirea ephakathi nendawo; i-Bumald's spirea); elesithathu - emaphethelweni amahlumela (i-spirea yentaba-mlilo; i-spirea yaseJapan).

Ngokwesikhathi sezimbali, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili - izimbali zasentwasahlobo kanye nezimbali zasehlobo. Esikhathini esedlule, izimbali zivame ukwenzeka amahlumela konyaka odlule kanti izimbali zimhlophe ngombala; abamele iqembu lesibili banezimbali ezipinki, ezibomvu, ezi-raspberry, futhi ukuqhakaza kwenzeka kumahlumela wonyaka wamanje. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuphinde kuboniswe kubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokunakekela i-spirea; Izinhlobo eziqhakaza entwasahlobo zigawulwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza, futhi kuqhakaze engxenyeni yesibini yehlobo kuphela entwasahlobo. Izitshalo zeqembu lokuqala ziqhakaza ndawonye, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside; eqenjini lesibili, izimbali zandiswa.

Zonke i-spirea azinciphisi inhlabathi, ezithwebula izithombe, ezingakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa, izinhlobo eziningi zentuthu kanye negesi, ziyazibekezelela kahle izimo zedolobha. Kusakazwa kalula ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, ukusika, ukubekeka, amahlumela kanye nembewu. Zikhula ngokushesha, ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka wesithathu.

Spirea Douglas © Tom Brandt

Ukukhetha kwe-spirea

Ngaphandle kokukhetha, wonke ama-spirea ahlobisa unyaka wonke, futhi ngisho nasebusika abukeka emuhle - sibonga umqhele (iphiramidi, ukukhala, ukuphefumula, ukuqina, ukukhamba noma ukufana kwemidlalo) nokugoba okuhle kwamagatsha.

Kepha, ukukhetha lesi sitshalo esivandeni sakho, udinga ukugxila ikakhulukazi esikhathini sezimbali. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhlobo zalo ezahlukene ziyaqhakaza kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Ngakho-ke, uma utshala izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-spirea esizeni, ungahlela ingadi yezimbali eziqhubekayo.

Ukuqhakaza kwe-spirea eentwasahlobo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kwesiqalo sentwasahlobo akukude kakhulu (izinsuku eziyi-15-25), kepha kukhulu kangangokuba imvamisa namahlamvu amancane awabonakali ngemuva kwezimbali. Kuhle kakhulu entwasahlobo yizimpikiswano ze-spirea, noma i-spiky, crammy, ashy, slaliferous, oak-leaved, spirea wangutta, isiJapanese.

Ama-Spirea weqembu eliqhakaza ehlobo aqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaJuni futhi aqhakaza isikhathi esithile - amanye aze afike ezinyangeni ezintathu, futhi phakathi kwawo awekho amhlophe kuphela, kodwa futhi anezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezipinki, ezililidi ngisho nezimbubende. Esikhundleni sokuphela, kuvela abaningi abasha. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-inflorescence, ama-spirea asesimweni semikhawulo emikhulu noma ama-panicles angama-conical kanye ne-cylindrical panicles. Phakathi kwezimbali zasehlobo - i-spirea yaseJapan nezinhlobonhlobo zayo eziningi, i-spirea enesikhumba esikhulu, i-loosestrife, i-billard, i-douglas, i-white-flowered. Umdubuli wolimi waseJapan 'uSharobanna' uqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye ohlelweni lombala omhlophe obomvana nokubomvana.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuqhakaza i-spirea okuhle. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezinamahlamvu wokuhlobisa woqobo. I-spiraea yaseJapan yama-macrophylla inama-volumous amahle, njengokungathi ikhubazekile, ishiya amaqabunga. Entwasahlobo zibubomvu-nsomi, kuluhlaza ehlobo, nasekwindla - ophuzi wegolide. Ibanga 'I-Gold Princesses' linamahlamvu amahle kakhulu egolide ahlala kuze kube sekupheleni. I-'Goldmund 'ehlukahlukene nayo inamahlamvu egolide. Kepha umgadli useyi-'Fly Fly 'ehlukahlukene, unakho okugqamile. Kepha i- 'Antonia Vaterrer' emaqabungeni imivimbo ephuzi, epinki nebomvu. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinemibala engajwayelekile yamaqabunga ku-spirea ye-bumald. Ifomu le-'Crispa 'isihlahla esinemiphetho yamaqabunga ajikeleze kakhulu futhi agobekile. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Spirea vangutta 'Pink Ise' zinikeza ukhilimu omhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ukukhula kwe-pink emikhawulweni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga ambozwe izindawo ezinokhilimu.

Spirea Thunberg © TANAKA Juuyoh

Ukuhamba nokunakekela

Isikhathi sokutshala i-spirae sincike esikhathini sezimbali zezinhlobo. Ukuqhakaza kwe-Spirea entwasahlobo kulinywe kangcono ekwindla. Ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo, isihlahla sizokhula kahle futhi sizombozwa ngombala omhlophe ngentwasahlobo. I-spirea ehlobo ehlobo ingatshalwa zombili entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Lapho ukutshala yonke i-spirai, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isikhathi sokuqhakaza, umthetho ubhekelwa ngokuqinile: ukutshala kwentwasahlobo - ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga, ekwindla - ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga.

Uma isithombo sinohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande - uletha izingxenye ezingaphansi komhlaba nesingaphansi komhlaba. Okusho ukuthi, finyeza izimpande ezandisiwe, futhi uma izimpande zilimele futhi zomile kakhulu, finyeza amagatsha.

Susa isithombo ngohlelo oluvaliwe lwezimpande esitsheni, uthele kahle ngamanzi, futhi uma kunesidingo (uma inhlama yome kakhulu) thambisa ebhakedeni lamanzi, futhi ngemuva kwalokho uyilahle endaweni ekhethiwe.

Uma iminyaka embalwa emva kokutshala, ubona ukuthi amagatsha e-spiraea aqala ukuphuma futhi angabi nalutho, futhi ama-inflorescence aqala ukukhula abe mncane, lokhu kusho ukuthi isihlahla siyaguga futhi sekuyisikhathi sokuwukwenza kabusha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uphansi kakhulu - "esiqwini" - usike amagatsha. Ngemuva kwenqubo enjena, i-spirea yakho iyoba yinhle ngokwengeziwe.

ISpirea sithathwa kalula. Indawo enhle kunazo zonke kubo yilanga. Kepha bangakwazi ukubekezelela kalula umfutho okhethiwe, noma kunjalo, izimbali ngeke zibe ziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Inhlabathi nayo ilungele noma yikuphi, hhayi okuvundile kakhulu.

Ama-spirees amaningi awadingi ukuniselwa kaningi - imininingwane ebalulekile yabalimi beSonto. Kepha kukhona okungafani nalokhu: i-spirea eyazwakala i-hygrophilous kangangokuba ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinamanzi.

I-Spirea yaseJapan © TANAKA Juuyoh

Ukuzala

Ukusakazwa kwembewu ehlwanyelwa kangcono entwasahlobo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi: umhlaba wephepha noma i-peat enomoya owanele. Ukuhlwanyelwa emabhokisini ebusweni pre-oswakanyiswe. Lapho-ke izilimo ziyahlanganiswa ngesendlalelo esincane se-peat noma emhlabeni. Amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini ezingama-8-10, zihlangene. Ukugwema izifo zesikhunta, ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ziphathwa nge-potanganum permanganate noma i-foundationazole (20 g nge-10 l) ngesilinganiso se-10 l wekhambi nge-3 sq. m. Izithombo zikhula kahle zenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo, zikhula kahle, zikhule ngokushesha bese ziqhakaza iminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3.

Iningi lama-spireas lizalanisa ukusika okuluhlaza noma okufakwe ngamabala amancane ekugcineni kokukhula okukhulu kwe-shoot. Ama-Spirea wenkathi yezimbali yasentwasahlobo (i-spiky, uVan Gutta) anqunywa kusuka engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali sekwephuzile (Bumalda, Japan) - kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni - ngoJulayi. Isigatshana esihle kunazo zonke: 1 ingxenye eyisihlabathi yomfula eyayihlanzwa kanye nengxenye engu-1. Isidingo sokuthola ukusikwa okuhle kungumswakama womoya ophakeme (inkungu yokufakelwa noma ukuchelela izikhathi ezingama-4-5 ngosuku). Izithombo ezisikiwe zigxumela entwasahlobo.

Sebenzisa

Ama-Spirea ahlobisa futhi ahlukile ngesimo nangombala wamahlamvu, ubukhulu nobume besihlahla, ukwakheka nombala wama-inflorescence. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyaqhakaza ngezikhathi ezihlukile, ngakho-ke umhlobiso omuhle wensimu ungakhiwa kuphela ngezihlahlana zalolu hlobo, ukwazi nangokukhetha izinhlobo ngobunono ngalezi zimpawu. Ngenxa yolwazi olunjalo, ungakha ingadi yezimbali eziqhubekayo, okuthi kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube ngoSepthemba amahlahla aqhakaza izimbali ayoba amnandi, umbala omhlophe wasentwasahlobo wawo ozothathelwa indawo ngopinki no-raspberry. Izimbali ziqala ngokunethezeka okwe-spiky, okumpunga nokuphakathi ngoMeyi futhi kuphela ngomuzwa we-spirea, oqhakaza kuze kube uSepthemba.

I-Pink Spirea © jo11anne

Ngenxa yokubukeka okuhlukile nosayizi wezihlahla, angathola ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokutshala. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezihlala zodwa, ezinamachaphaza abukhali, amaWangutta, aphakathi, ompunga, amhlophe, amaDouglas awaphindeki. Lawa ngama-spireas amade, imvamisa enesimo esihle kakhulu sesihlahla ngenxa yamahlumela.

Ngamaqembu, ungasebenzisa cishe zonke izinhlobo zesifo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amakhophi ambalwa ezinhlobo ezifanayo noma ahlukahlukene atshalwe eduzane.

Ama-spirea amaningi hhayi amade kakhulu asetshenziselwa ukutshala unqenqema lwamahlathi ezungeze izihlahla noma izihlahla eziphakeme. Okuhle kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo zama-spirees ezinobumba obomvu noma zegolide ezibumba amaqembu evamile anamaqabunga aluhlaza ezihlahla nezihlahla.

Ngemikhawulo ephansi, izinhlobo ezifana ne-birch leaf spirea, ephansi, iBumalda, isiJapan, ezigeleza okumhlophe, ezimfushane ziyafaneleka. Izinhlobo ezifanayo zingasetshenziswa ukudala ama-rockeries, atshalwe egqumeni. I-dwarf spirea nayo isetshenziswa njengendawo eyisisekelo. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuningana kwenzalo yezimpande, yakha amakhethini amahle.

Ezithangeni eziphakeme kakhulu kunemingcele, zingasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezinde kakhulu: i-spirea emhlophe, iDouglas, i-loosestrife, amabhiliyade.

Onke ama-spirea ayizitshalo ezinhle ezincelisayo. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho kuqoqwa khona izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-spirea, okoko kungagcinwa.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-spirea zingasetshenziswa ukusika izingcezwana noma ukuhlela izimbali zezimbali ezithile.

I-Spirea inomsebenzi ophakeme we-phytoncide, okhulisa indima yayo yokuhlanzeka ekuthuthukiseni imvelo.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo

Spirea loosestrife (Spiraea salicifolia). Iqhakaza kusuka maphakathi noJuni kuya kuSepthemba. Izimbali kusuka pinki kuya mhlophe, eqoqwe panramidal panicrate inflorescences. Ukuphakama okungu-02 m.

Spikea amazinyo noma ingxabano (Spiraea x. Arguta). Eyokuqala (Meyi-Juni) nokuqhakaza kakhulu. Futhi lapho kuphela, iyohlobisa ingadi ngamahlamvu aluhlaza athambile. Ukuphakama - 1.5-2.0 m.

I-Japanese Spirea Golden Princess (I-Spiraea japonica 'I-Golden Princess'). I-spirea enhle enhle kakhulu ehlala iqhakaza enamahlamvu aqhakazile. Idinga indawo enelanga, ngoba emthunzini umbala ophuzi wamaqabunga awo uyaguquka ube luhlaza. Ukuphakama - 0.5-0.6 m.

Spiraea oak-leaved (Spiraea chamaediyfolia). Ikhule kusukela ngekhulu le-18. Ngisho noma ukutshala izinto kwakuyivelakancane ezweni lethu, kutholakala yonke indawo: kusuka ekutshaleni emapaki nasezigcawini kuya ezivandeni ezingaphambili zangasese. Okungavikeleliyo nokumelana nesithwathwa. Ukuphakama - kuze kufike ku-2 m.

Spirea Wangutta (Spiraea x. Vanhouttei). Enye yezimbali eziyindilinga ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinamabala amaningi. Umbala wakhe wamahlamvu nawo ungowangempela - luhlaza okotshani. Futhi nokho - lokhu kungukuphela kwe-spirai edlulisa inhlabathi ene-calcareous. Ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-2-2,5 m.

I-Japan Spirea 'Albiflora' (Spiraea japonica 'Albiflora'). Le nhlobonhlobo ihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi liqhakaza kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuSepthemba ngezimbali ezimhlophe, yize cishe zonke izimbali ezigeleza ehlobo zinezimbali ezibomvu nezibomvana. Phansi, kuphela ngu-0.5-0.8 m.

I-Spirea bumalda 'Crispa' (Spiraea x bumalda 'Crispa'). Ihluka kwabanye ngamahlamvu angajwayelekile, asontekile futhi ahlakazekile emaphethelweni, aluhlaza okotshani, nalapho aqhephuka, i-maroon. Izimbali nazo zingubende onsomi, ziqoqwe kuma-corymbose inflorescence. Ukuphakama - kuze kufike ku-0.5 m.