U-Iris (Kasatiki, Roosters) uyisitshalo sangemvelo sohlobo lwezinhlanga. Irises ingatholakala cishe kuyo yonke ingadi, ingadi nepaki. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-700, ezihlotshaniswa bobunjwa nemibala ehlukahlukene.
Ngalesi sizathu, abantu babiza lo uthingo lwezimbali. Kuthiwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, u-iris waqanjwa ngegama likankulunkulukazi wemvula u-Iris. Ngaphandle, izimbali ze-iris zifana kakhulu nama-orchid futhi zinombala ocebile ofanayo wama-shades.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo
Intshebe iris waba nokuthandwa okubanzi ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinwele ze-shaggy eziqongweni. Lolu hlobo lwe-iris lungaba ngamasayizi ahlukile (amancanyana, amade, igumbi lokudlela nabanye).
Iphuzu elibalulekile lapho likhula ukuthi udinga ukutshala lolu hlobo lwe-iris esihlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isihlabathi sithululelwa phansi komgodi olungiselelwe (ungqimba oluncane) bese sibekwa ngaphandle, sisabalalisa ngokucophelela i-rhizome. Ukufakwa emgodini akufanele kube okujulile.
ISiserian iris sikhula size sibe ngama-80 cm amade, ngenkathi sinezimbali ezingafika ku-10 cm, ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Umbala wemvelo walolu hlobo unemithunzi eminingi kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya onsomi onsomi.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ezithile ze-hybrid, kukhona:
- mhlophe (Indlovukazi yeqhwa),
- lipinki (I-opal ye-Imperial),
- ngiphuzi ngombala omhlophe (Ama-Batts no-Suga).
Ngakho konke lokhu kwehlukahluka, kukhona ubuncane obukhulu balolu hlobo - iphunga alikho ngokuphelele.
I-Iris japanese (elinye igama laso xiphoid) inezimbali ezinkulu (cishe amasentimitha angama-25 ubukhulu), ezifana kakhulu nezimbali ze-orchid.
Iris evansia - Olunye lwezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke (cishe imitha elilodwa ukuphakama), isomiso-kanye nokulwa neqhwa. Izimbali zingweya, zinesikhungo sokuphuzi esikhanyayo nomngcele omhlophe (onsomi omnyama, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nabanye).
Iris Swamp umehluko ocacile ovela kwezinye izinhlobo iqiniso lokuthi le iris ikhula kuphela enhlabathini enomswakama. Ngalesi sizathu, kaningi kusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amachibi.
I-dwarf iris - Ifinyelela ku-15 cm kuphela ukuphakama, inamaqabunga ububanzi nezimbali eziphuzi noma ezimpunga.
Ama-Dutch irises (xyphylum) - Izinhlobonhlobo ezi-hybrid, ezifuywa okokuqala eNetherlands. Zikhula zize zingabi ngaphezu kwama-50-60 cm.Izimbali zinemibala ehlukene yezilwane ezifuywayo: mhlophe, ophuzi, owolintshi, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nobomvu.
Ubusika bungaqinile, kepha ebusika obunobunzima budinga indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lwe-iris lusetshenziselwa ukusika, ukwakha izingcezu zezimbali.
Iris spuria - Imbali ethabisa khulu, ehunyutshwe isuka esiLatineni ngokuthi "spuria" isho "amanga" Sinegama layo lokufana kwangaphandle kuma-irises amaDashi.
Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi inkathi yezimbali yinde (amasonto ambalwa). Isikhathi "sokuphila" sembali eyodwa siyisonto.
Ukutshala kwe-Iris nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Irises izitshalo ezinothando olukhanyayo, ngakho-ke isihluthulelo sokuqhakaza okude nokukhangayo indawo okukuyo indawo ekhanyiswe kahle.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, kufanelekile ukubheka iqiniso lokuthi ama-irises ayakwazi ukuhamba. Ngakho ngonyaka owodwa bangasuka endaweni yasekuqaleni ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala kwenziwa hhayi ngokwejwayelekile (ngokulandelana), kodwa ngopende lwamahlamvu eceleni komugqa. Izimo zokutshala zohlobo ngalunye ziyehlukile.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-irises enentshebe kufanele itshalwe kulelo banga lapho engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku kukhona ukukhanya okuhle, kungcono uma kuyindawo yokuthambekela noma yokuphakama (ngokuphuma kwamanzi ancibilikisiwe) kanye nokuba khona kokudonswa kwamanzi. bathande inhlabathi ihlale inomswakama.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, zonke izinhlobo zithanda inhlabathi ecebile, ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala, umquba ufakiwe (ungasebenzisi umanyolo) nomanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, ungangeza ushoko omncane noma umlotha wokhuni. Futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuphatha le ndawo ngama-herbicides futhi u-moisten nge-fungicide (ukuthola amagciwane).
Ukunisela irises
Kufanelekile ukunisela isitshalo kuphela ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isomile ngokuphelele esihlahleni. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi amanzi aphansi komhlaba adlula eduze kwendawo, khona-ke kufanelekile ukunakekela amanzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukunisela kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, bese okulandelayo - hhayi ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezintathu kamuva.
Yondla irises entwasahlobo
Ukuze kuqhakaze izimbali nokukhula okuhle, ama-irises, njengazo zonke izitshalo, adinga ukufaka umanyolo nokufaka umquba. Kodwa-ke, akufanele usebenzise umquba, i-irises evela kuyo izoqala ukulimala.
Okokugqoka okuphezulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo wamaminerali anamaminerali aqukethe i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ne-potassium. Udinga ukufafaza ezungeze izihlahla entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuthi irises iqale ukukhula. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umhlaba kufanele uniselwe ukusheshisa ukuqothulwa kweziqunjelwa.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukunqwabelanisa umanyolo futhi kuyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni, kanye nokuntuleka kwawo, kungcono ukungazondli okuncane, njengoba kunjalo nokunisela, kunokuphuza ngokweqile. Abanye balimi bangahle baphikise: kungani bondla futhi uncipha ngama-irises, ngoba azoqhakaza ngaphandle kwawo. Kepha ungaphikisana nalokhu.
Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili yokukhula kwama-irises, kube nezikhathi lapho ukugqoka okuphezulu kungazange kwenziwa nhlobo iminyaka emithathu ngokulandelana - futhi umehluko ubonakala kakhulu. Uma kusetshenziswa umanyolo, ama-irises aqhakaza kakhulu futhi ethe xaxa, izimbali zawo ziqhakazile futhi zinkudlwana, amaqabunga aphilile futhi acwebezelisiwe, kanti izikejana ziqinile ngokwanele ukuthi nomoya onamandla awuphuli, okungadingi kuboshwe nakancane.
Kodwa into esemqoka ngasikhathi sinye - ukukhula kwamasethi anjalo kushesha kakhulu. Ngalezi zizathu, impendulo yombuzo wokondla noma cha, ayinangqondo - ukondla, kepha ngasikhathi sinye nangokuhlwaya. Sengivele ngakhe uhlelo lokuphakela olunenkimbinkimbi yezakhi zama-micro nama-macro kanye ngesizini ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yezimbali. Ku-irises yami, ngiyabona ukuthi bayayithanda, bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi baqhakaza ngobuhlakani.
Ilungiselela irises ebusika
Ngenxa yesici esifakwa kuma-irises, ahlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande lukhula luvundlile, kwesinye isikhathi izimpande zawo zidalulwa ngaphezu kobuso, ngakho-ke ebusika badinga ukufafazwa ngomhlaba ne-peat, ngaphandle kwalokho bazokhululeka baphume. Entwasahlobo, le ungqimba lomhlabathi luhlanzwa kahle.
Ama-Irises ngokwezigaba awalungele amaqabunga, utshani, ukhipha ummbila njengezinto zokumboza noma enye into engase inyibilike ngaphansi kwawo. Ukuze uthole indawo yokuhlala, kungcono ukusebenzisa umhlabathi. Thela inani elithile lomhlabathi phakathi kwesihlahla ukuze umboze ama-rhizomes angenalutho.
Lapho iqhwa liwa, lingasetshenziswa futhi njengendawo yokukhosela, ngaphezu kwalokho liyithululela kuma-irises. Futhi entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi yomile, inhlabathi eyeqile kufanele isatshalaliswe ngokucophelela eduze kwezihlahla. Futhi-ke, endabeni yokuhambisa i-irises ebusika, akunakwenzeka ukunikeza izeluleko ezingalingani kubo bonke abalimi.
Kusukela, lapho kukhula irises ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ungakwenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokukhosela ebusika, kepha empumalanga nasenyakatho neRussia, ezinye izinhlobo zidinga nje ukukhoseliswa ukuvikela.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-irises
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokusakaza irises - imbewu, amahlumela noma i-rhizome.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zindlela ukuthi ukuqhakaza kwama-irises akhulwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kufanele kulindelwe ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu, futhi izimbali ezikhule kusuka kuma-rhizomes zizoqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-irises ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Lapho uhlukanisa isihlahla, kukhethwa kuphela izihlahla ezinempilo kakhulu. Ngemuva kokumba yonke inhlamvu kusuka emhlabathini, udinga ukushukumisa umhlaba wonke ukuze ubone impande ngayinye kahle, bese usika izigaba ezincane, ukuze ingxenye ngayinye ibe nesigaxa seqabunga elilodwa. Amaqabunga asikwa phakathi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhipha igciwane kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate (yehlisa izimpande kusixazululo imizuzu engu-10-15), bese womile elangeni. Tshala emigodini emincane, hhayi ngokujula kuka-3-4 cm futhi kude nebanga elingasondele kunehhafu yemitha.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwe-iris
Ukusakazwa ngamahlumela, kuyadingeka ukulinda okungenani isitshalo esisodwa sezimbali, kuphela emva kwalokho ungasebenzisa ngokuphepha amahlumela amasha. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kufanele zisikwe ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlamvu
I-Rooting yenziwa ngokutshala emhlabathini endaweni enomthunzi, kwakheka abamba ukushisa. Uma kunesidingo, fafaza ngokwengeziwe. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, ukubekelwa phansi ngokuphelele kungabhekwa.
Ukutshala imbewu ye-Iris
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukuqoqa ama-ovaries omisiwe. Zingagcinwa emabhokisini endaweni emnyama neyomile. Ekwindla, imbewu elungiselelwe itshalwe emabhodweni nge-substrate enesihlabathi futhi imbozwe ngengilazi noma nge-polyethylene (yakha abamba ukushisa). Eduze kwentwasahlobo, izithombo zizokhula, kufanele zinqunywe.
Ukukhula okusha kutshalwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba sekukhule ngokwanele ukuba kube ntofontofo ukuyitshala. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngale ndlela kuphela izinhlobo zezidakamizwa ezingasatshalaliswa, kepha ngokuhlukahluka okungafani, kungahle kube nezinkinga ngokulondolozwa kwezimpawu zokubeletha.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
- Uma imbali ithintekile yiluphi uhlobo lokubola (isb. I-Fusarium), khona-ke isampula esithintekile siyasuswa masinyane esakhiweni, umgodi lapho satholakala khona siphathwa nge-2% solution ye-baseazole. Umuthi ofanayo ungalashwa nge-rhizome nangaphambi kokutshala, njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela.
- Izinambuzane ezidumile ezithinta i-iris yile isikenaezidla isisekelo sezinyawo zemithi, ngenxa yalokho ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi zife.
- Okunye kokuhlukumezeka yile thrips. Bahlala emaqabungeni, baphazamisa i-photosynthesis (phenduka onsundu bese womile), kanye nama-efiji ayonakalisiwe futhi alahlekelwe ukukhanya kwemibala. Lokhu kungenzeka ehlobo elomile, ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama. Izinyathelo zokulawula yi-kalbofos.
- U-Iris naye uyamangala slugs. Indlela elula yokubhekana nazo ukusakaza izimbaza ezimanzi noma amaqabunga amanzi ama-burdock azungeze izihlahla, alinde ama-slgs ukuthi abuthele kuwo (awasebenzise njengendawo yokukhosela), bese uwaqoqa futhi awabhubhise.
I-bacteriosis noma ukubola okuthambile kwama-iris rhizomes
Enye yezifo eziyingozi ezithinta irisesethambile, ebacterial, ukubola kwe-rhizome. Isitshalo siyafa ngesilinganiso esinamandla sokutheleleka.
Izimpawu zalesi sifo ukubola kwamaqabunga ezansi kwama-rhizomes, kuyilapho amaqabunga ehlala eluhlaza futhi eshiya nje abalandeli bonke. Ama-rhizomes ngokwawo aguqulwa abe uketshezi lwe-fetid. Amabhasi athintekile kufanele abiwe ngokuphelele, zonke izindawo ezonakele zisikiwe, zifinyelele izicubu ezinempilo, ithuluzi lokusika kufanele litshelwe amagciwane ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Amabhasi ahlukaniswe, afafazwe ngamalahle aqhekekile izindawo zezingcezu, emva kwalokho zibekwe elangeni ziye phezulu ngama-rhizomes usuku lunye kuya kwezi-2, ukufudumala okuhle. Ungesabi ukuthi i-irises izokoma. Izinqubo ezinjalo ziyindlela yokutakula izitshalo ezinesifo. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-Delenki eyomile futhi yafudumeza, idluliselwa kwisayithi elisha, futhi iniselwe.
Umhlaba osendaweni ethelelekile uhlaselwe ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate, futhi impahla ethelelekile iyashiswa. Nge-lesion elinganiselayo yama-rhizomes ngesikhathi lesi sifo, kungenzeka ukusindisa irises emaphesenti angaba yikhulu emacala.
Iris ibala ukugqwala
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ama-irises avela kumahlamvu ama-irisesamabala okugqwala, ezikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zibangele ukoma kancane kancane kwamaqabunga. Ukusakazeka okusheshayo kwalezi zindawo kwenzeka kumswakama ophezulu.
Ukuvimbela ukubonwa kwamaqabunga, ama-irises kufanele aphathwe ngama-fungicides entwasahlobo ekuqaleni kokukhula okuqinile kwesitshalo, ukuphindaphinda okuphoqelekile ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nane ukuhlanganisa imiphumela.
Futhi ekuqaleni kwenkathi yezimbali, ukucubungula kokulawula kuyenziwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izixazululo zamalungiselelo emapheshana azibambeki kahle, ngenxa yalesi sizathu i-adhesives ekhethekile kufanele ingezwe.
