I-Whitefly - isinambuzane esincane, esingama-1.5-3.0 mm esinamaphiko aqhamukayo wama-elves angama-elves, siyisidleke esikhulu sezitshalo eziluhlaza, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivalekile. Cha, ngisho namakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu angabhubhisa i-whitefly "emvinini." Minyaka yonke, ubuyela ngokuphikelela okungajwayelekile ezindlini zokugcina izithombo futhi abangele isidingo sokwanda okusha komusa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube nokuzabalaza okungenamsebenzi naye. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukusula abamba ukushisa kanye nendawo ezungezile kusuka ekuhlaselweni ngumbungu?
I-Whitefly, noma u-Aleirodida (Aleyrodidae)Izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuvikelwa kwemifino kanye nezinye izilimo ezivela kumhlopheflies ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zivame ukuvela kubalimi abaqalayo. Kubukeka sengathi uma ufafaza izitshalo amahlandla amaningi nge-pesticide eqinile, khona-ke igqoko elimhlophe seliphelile! Cha! Ehlelweni lokuthuthuka kwemvelo, i-whitefly ithuthukise ikhono elihlukile lokusinda. Futhi kunezikhathi ezimbili ezinjalo kumjikelezo wokukhula kwayo:
- i-oviposition evikelwe yinto ekhethekile ye-waxy, engahlaseli ukubulala izinambuzane;
- isigaba se-nymph, ukuze kusindiswe impilo futhi “ibelethe” esigabeni sezinambuzane, iyeka ukondla futhi futhi imbozwe ngento enjenge-wax engafinyeleleki ngobuningi bemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Owesifazane oqhanyayo uyakwazi ukubeka amashumi amaningi okufakwa amaqanda okuvikeleke lapho izibungu ziqhubeka zifinyelela kuma-90% ngesikhathi esabelwe empilweni yakhe. Kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka, cishe ama-80-90% afinyelela esigabeni sama-nymphs - ibutho lonke lezilokazane. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, izimpungushe zikwazi ukwakha izizukulwane eziyi-15 noma ngaphezulu, umjikelezo wokuthuthuka wazo osezinsukwini ezingama-25 kuphela. Ekwindla, ungena kunoma yiliphi igebe lapho ekhuthazelela khona isimo sezulu esingesihle, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezincwadi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kukhombisile ukuthi labo abahluleka ukukhipha i-whitefly babuyela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kaningi baphambana nomthetho oyisisekelo wokulwa nalesi sinambuzane. Ukubhubhisa i-whitefly, kuyadingeka minyaka yonke ukwenza umjikelezo ophelele womsebenzi wokuvimbela, kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwasekwindla nasentwasahlobo kwegreenhouse nendawo ezungezile.
Ukuvimbela Okumhlophe
Ukuze izeluleko zisebenze, kudingeka zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele. Imigqa ehlukene, imithamo, izikhathi zokwelashwa ezithathwe kuzindatshana ngeke zibe nomphumela omuhle. Imvamisa, lo mphumela uzokhawulelwa kwisizini eyodwa kuphela.
Yenza wonke umsebenzi wokuvimbela ekwindla ku-greenhouse.
Thululela abamba ukushisa ngokuphelele. Uma kunesidingo, mboza inhlabathi nge-foil bese ukhipha isibulala magciwane kuzo zonke izingxenye zangaphakathi zokugcina ukushisa. Ukuqhutshwa kwamakona okunzima ukufinyelelwa kuwo, ama-crevices, izikhala zezikhathi ezithile, njll. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Izindawo ezifinyelelekayo zingapendwe, futhi ezindaweni okungelula ukufinyelela kuzo ungathola isisombululo sezibulala magciwane. Ngokulwa namhlophe, lokhu kufanele kube yinto eqeda ulwelwesi oluvikelayo lwe-ovipositor:
- Isixazululo seCreolin (cypermethrin), esisebenza njengoMospilan, uShar Pei, u-Inta-Vir,
- i-aerosol ("KRA - deo super"),
- isixazululo sotshwala lobuchwepheshe (i-vodka) esinamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1. Ingxube ichitha igobolondo elivikelayo lokukhanda bese libhubhisa amaqanda amhlophe. Isixazululo sotshwala ngamanzi sibhubhisa kahle i-whitefly kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka nalapho sifafaza izitshalo. 2 wezipuni zotshwala abangama-96% ziyahlakazwa 1 litre lamanzi kanti izitshalo ziyafafazwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamasheke wesibabule ukucubungula izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezivela kumhlopheHlanza zonke izindawo okunobunzima bokufinyelela kuzo (khumbula, ubukhulu bombala omhlophe awudluli i-3 mm, futhi noma iliphi igebe litholakala kulo).
- Izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala, phinda ufafaze kuzo zonke izingxenye zohlaza abamba ukushisa nge-Aktara, okuzoba nomthelela owengeziwe futhi kubhubhise yonke inzalo yabamhlophe, kufaka phakathi abantu abadala.
- Sebenzisa ngempumelelo amakhemikhali ama-hormonal, anjengeMeshi, i-Admiral. Kepha isenzo sabo sihlose kuphela ekubhujisweni kwamaqanda nezibungu. Kubantu abadala, le mishanguzo ayisebenzi futhi idinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kubantu abadala. Kungaphathwa ngokungeziwe nge-Actara, Actellic, Sharpei, Tanrek namanye amalungiselelo wamakhemikhali.
Ukucubungula i-greenhouse kwenziwa kangcono kusihlwa, esimeni sezulu esizolile, kuthatha zonke izindlela zokuvikelwa ezintweni ezinobuthi (izibuko, i-respirator, i-bathchair, ibhulukwe, amabhuzu, i-headgear).
Ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa kwezindonga nakuzo zonke izitezi, udinga ukufaka amagciwane emhlabathini.
I-Whitefly ayibekezeleli imvelo ye-alkaline. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni, bamba inhlabathi ngokwethulwa kwe-lime eligayiwe, umlotha, neminye imikhiqizo yempuphu. Ukufafaza inhlabathi nge lime elitshekile kwenziwa ngesilinganiso se-100-200 g / sq. m indawo bese ugaya ungqimba lomhlabathi osanda kwethulwa noma ngo-10-15 cm. Ash - izingilazi ezi-2-3 ngesikwele. m. Ezinye izinto zifaka isandla ngokuya ngezincomo.
Ukuphela kokuwa komsebenzi wokulwa ne-whitefly kungukugcotshwa kohlaza okuluhlaza. Ukuze uthole i-fumigation, ungasebenzisa amabhomu akhethekile entuthu ye-Pawn-S, amabhomu wesibabule noma ngamabhomu kagwayi we-Hephaestus. Lokhu kokugcina kungasetjenziswa esikhathini sokukhula kwezilimo ezihlaza okotshani. Intuthu ayizilimazi izitshalo. Uma kungekho okhethiwe, ungashisela ngesibabule, usakaze kumashidi wokubhaka insimbi ngesilinganiso se-50-80 g / cu. m of greenhouse isikhala. I-greenhouse kufanele ifakwe kahle. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, aerate. Lapho ishunqisiwe, igesi ingena emhlabathini, ibangele ukufa kwezibungu zasebusika nabantu abadala. Sicela wazi! Amaqanda ama-Whitefly awalimazi amaqanda. Ukulima okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.
I-Whitefly nenzalo yayo ayikwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezithathiwe, isebenza kahle ukukhulula lo greenhouse, yehlise izinga lokushisa kulo ukuze ikhiphe ku-15 ... 20 * С. Amanye amaziko okugcina izithombo akholelwa ukuthi uma uphahla lokushisa luvulekile futhi lugcwele iqhwa lapho, khona-ke lokhu sekwanele ukubulala umhlophe. Cha! Unobusika obukhulu ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqandisa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuwa kweqhwa noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kususwe ngokweqile. I-butterfly ayiphili kuphela endaweni evulekile ezimweni zobusika. Uma isifunda singenawo amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika, khona-ke enza zonke izindlela zokubulala amagciwane aqedele ukulungisa (ekwindla, ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo) nge-fumigation.
Ukumba endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo ekwindla sekwephuzileUkuhlanzwa kokuthambisa kwendawo eseduze-eluhlaza.
Kuyadingeka ukususa yonke imfucumfucu kanye nemishini endaweni ebamba ukushisa nendawo ezungezile. Ukuhlanza, hlambulula, fake isandiso, izinga lokushisa lapho ubusika lilingana nengaphandle (lokuqothulwa kwemvelo). Ungakhohlwa ukwenza lokhu okunamathiselwe kuqala
I-Whitefly ingabhujiswa ku-greenhouse, kepha izovela futhi - kusuka komakhelwane, izithombo ezithengiwe, kusuka kokhula lapho amaqanda nabantu abadala befihla khona. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina insimu isondelene ne-greenhouse isesimweni esihlanzekile.
Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa wonke ukhula, ikakhulukazi ukubopha izingulube, ukhula, izintwala zokhuni. Ukusuka komakhelwane ungazihlukanisa notshani bamaMoorish, lapho utshala khona izitshalo eziheha imhlophe. Ungqimba oluncane lwe-dill, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, izitshalo ze-parsley zizosebenza njengesithiyo semvelo kuma-whiteflies. Abagibeli, izimbungulu, ama-macrolofus, ama-ladybugs, ama-lacewings nezinye izinambuzane ezidla izinyamazane eziqeda izilwanyana zihlala kuzo. Ungatshala i-martinia enamakha otshanini kanye nohlaza abamba ukushisa. Umuthi onamathelayo emaqabungeni e-martinia usebenza njengento yokunamathela yemvelo, lapho ifule khona. Abanye abalimi batusa ukuthi kutshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo i-Ageratum Houston (Gauston). Sikucebisa ukuthi uqaphele lesi sitshalo. Kuqukethe i-coumarin - into eyingozi kubantu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanale nkinga. I-Alkaloid vapors (futhi iyashisa ku-greenhouse) ingadala ukopha lapho ingena kulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Kepha lesi sitshalo singasetshenziswa ngaphandle endaweni yotshani noma ingadi yezimbali, lapho izoyiqothula khona imbala ngempumelelo. Iminti nokushunqa kukhanga okumhlophe. Abadala bahlala bephuthuma ephunga labo. Ngokulapha utshani ehlobo futhi nokuchelela ubusika, ungavikela izitshalo zemifino emhlophe ezimhlophe ezingena ekhishini kusuka ngaphandle.
I-Whitefly, noma u-Aleirodida (Aleyrodidae)Mfundi Othandekayo! Lesi sihloko sinikeza ngezindlela ezithile kuphela zokuvikela izithombo zokugcina izithombo emhlophe ezimhlophe. Lo mbhalo uyisikhumbuzo sokuthi kungenzeka ukuvikela ngokuphelele izitshalo ezigcina ukushisa ezinambuzaneni kuphela lapho wenza imisebenzi ethile. Ukufafaza kube kanye kuphela ukuphunyuka isikhashana enkingeni. Izinto ezingaphezulu ngokuphelele ku-whitefly, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, izindlela zokuzala kanye nezindlela zokulawula ngesikhathi sokudla kwezitshalo zingatholakala ku-athikili "I-Whitefly nezindlela zokulawula izinambuzane".
