Ngisho nezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla ze-gooseberry ezitholwe ngekhulu lama-21, ezifakwe kuRegista Yombuso, zidwetshwe esifundeni esithile, zivame ukugula noma zithinteke ezinhlobonhlobo zezilokazane. Ngenhlanhla, okwamanje kunezindlela eziningi zokulwa nezitha zesitshalo, zombili amakhemikhali nezabantu (ngendlela, engasebenzi kahle). Ake sixoxe namuhla ngezifo eziyingozi kakhulu nezijwayelekile nezinambuzane zama-gooseberries, kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nazo.
Isifo se-Gooseberry.
I-Powdery Mildew ku-Gooseberries
Ake siqale ngezifo ze-gooseberry. Isifo esijwayelekile esingahlulwa ngokuphelele yi-powdery hlobo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, lesi sifo, esingathinta zonke izingxenye zama-gooseberries, kufaka phakathi amajikijolo, sivela ngisho nasezinhlotsheni ezingamelana naso.
I-Powdery hlobo yisifo sokukhunta esikhula ngamandla lapho kufudumele futhi kunomswakama. Ukuvikela isiza sakho kulesisifo, ungafaki ukuqina kokutshala, udinga ukwenza izihlahla zokuhlanzeka, usike amahlumela aqobisa umqhele, unisele izitshalo ngokulinganayo futhi ususe izithelo nokunye okulahlwa yimfucumfucu endaweni elimele.
I-Powdery isikhutha kuma-gooseberries.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi noma ngabe zonke lezi zindlela zokuvikela azisindisi, futhi umbala omhlophe we-powdery powdery usabonakala kwizithelo namaqabunga amaqabunga amajikijolo. Uma isibalo sezithelo namaqabunga athintekile akunakwa, khona-ke angavele asikwe futhi ashiswe. Esimweni lapho amahlamvu amaningi amaqabunga ethinteka khona, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale ngokushesha ukwelashwa nge-fungicides.
Lapho welapha ama-gooseberries, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola, ulandela imiyalo esephaketheni, lapho kusetshenziswa imbungqo ethile. Imvamisa, konke ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kumele kuqedwe okungenani amaviki ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola isigaba sezingozi salokhu okubulala isikhunta, noma ngabe kuyingozi yezinyosi, futhi uma kukhona i-apiary eseduze, khona-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe nalawo ma-fungicides isigaba sawo sengozi esingaphezulu kwezintathu.
Kuzokwenzekani uma ungalwi ne-powdery hlobo? Ngemuva kwalokho amabala we-powdery emaqabungeni e-gooseberry azokhula, usayizi wezithelo kungenzeka ungashintshi, kepha izithelo ziqala ukubola. Kamuva, izinhlamvu zizovuthwa, i-plaque izophenduka ibe mpunga, bese kuthi lapho kuqala umoya, izinhlamvu zindize ziqonde kude, zithathele izitshalo ezingomakhelwane noma ezinye izitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, ama-currants.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nangamahlamvu awela ezitshalweni ezingaphathwanga ekwindla, i-powdery isikhutha esivela endaweni ngeke siye ndawo, siyowela emhlabathini, sifinyelele emagxolweni, siyeke amaqabunga bese sihlasela izitshalo futhi entwasahlobo, ekugcineni okuzoholela ekufeni kwazo.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kutholakala i-powdery isikhutha ku-gooseberries lapho kungenzeki ukusebenzisa fungicides endabeni yezinsuku ngaphambi kokuvuna? Kulokhu, amakhambi esintu azosiza.
Ukubuyekezwa okuhle kuvela kubalimi abalwa ne-Powdery isikhutha ngezindlela zokwelapha ezixubene nosawoti nosipho.
Ukuthola isisombululo ebhakedeni lamanzi, udinga ukuncibilikisa i-6-7 g yesoda no-50-60 g wesepha elwa ne-antibacterial grated ku-grater enhle. Ngalesi sixazululo, zonke izitshalo ezithintekile kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, qiniseka ukuthi uphatha zonke izitshalo ngama-fungicides, futhi ekwindla, ukhulula inhlabathi endaweni eseduze kwesifuba bese uphatha izitshalo ngama-fungicides futhi.
Funda izinto zethu ezinemininingwane ephelele: Izindlela zokulawula ukuthambisa ezisebenza kahle ze-powdery isikhutha ezitshalweni zezithelo.
Ukugqwala kwe-Gooseberry
Lesi sifo sivela kuma-gooseberries kaningi. Ngokuvamile kuvela kumahlamvu amaqabunga, kanye nasezimbali nakumaqanda. Ekuqaleni, lawa kungaba ngamabhulashi amancane wombala wewolintshi - ukugqwala kwe-goblet, noma amabala amancane aphuzi avela kuphela esiqongweni samaqabunga amaqabunga - ukugqwala.
Ama-fungusides (lesi yisifo sokukhunta) noma ukwelashwa ngesixazululo esingu-1% se-Bordeaux liquid kuyasebenza futhi ekulweni nokugqwala - uma kunesikhathi esincane ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokuvela kokugqwala ku-gooseberries, kuyadingeka ukuphinda uphathe izitshalo. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha nje lapho kuqhakaza amaqabunga amaqabunga, owesibili - ngesikhathi sokukhula kwehlumela, okwesithathu - ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Ngomonakalo omkhulu wezitshalo ngokugqwala, ukwelashwa kwesine nakho kungenziwa.
Funda imininingwane yethu enemininingwane: Ukugqwala emithini yezithelo nezihlahlana.
Ukugqwala kwe-Gooseberry.
I-Gooseberry Anthracnose
Lesi esinye isifo fungal esivame ukuthinta amaqabunga eqabunga le-gooseberry ikakhulukazi kakhulu. Kuqala, angabona amabala amancanyana, angacacile kahle anombala onsundu omnyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo, lezi zindawo ziqala ukuhlangana, okuholela ekumeni kokuqala kwamaqabunga amaqabunga kanye nokuhlala kwazo. I-Anthracnose imvamisa ayithinti amaqabunga eziqongweni zezihlumela, ihlala ingeneme.
Amahlathi ka-Gooseberry atheleleke nge-anthracnose yeka ukukhula, ukudubula kokukhula, ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kuncipha kakhulu, futhi kukhona amajikijolo ambalwa ngokwawo.
Ungabhekana kanjani ne-gooseberry anthracnose? Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqoqa futhi uchithe amaqabunga awileyo minyaka yonke, ukhulule inhlabathi endaweni eseduze nomlomo, uvame ukubheka amaqabunga amaqabunga ukuthola ukutheleleka, futhi uma ubona amapheshana eyodwa enezindawo, khona manjalo uwadabule awashise. Uma amabala atholakala enqwaba yamaqabunga amaqabunga, kuyadingeka ukuphatha izitshalo nge-sulfate yethusi, ukuncibilikisa u-45-50 g wale nto ebhakedeni lamanzi.
Uma lesi sifo sihlasela izitshalo zakho unyaka nonyaka, khona-ke akufanele ulinde ukubonakala kwaso, izitshalo zidinga ukwelashwa nge-1% Bordeaux ketshezi nangaphezulu kwesisodwa, kepha ezine noma ngisho ezinhlanu, ukuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukucubungula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvulwa kwamaqabunga amaqabunga, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ekugcineni kokuqhakaza izimbali, amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa.
Funda imininingwane yethu eningiliziwe: I-Anthracnose isifo esiyingozi.
I-anthracnose emaqabunga e-gooseberry.
I-Gooseberry Seporia
Imvamisa, ngama-septoria, amaqabunga e-jamu nawo athinteka kakhulu. Kuqala, izimbhangqwana noma ezinye izindawo eziningi zingavela kuzo, zinomumo oyindilinga nombala onsomi onomngcele omnyama obonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amachashazi amnyama ayabonakala ebusweni bezindawo, yilezi ezibhekiswe ezinhlamvu ezivuthiwe ezinegciwane elilungele ukusakazeka ebangeni elide. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezinhlamvu ezivuthiwe, amaqabunga amaqabunga ngokuvamile aqala ukoma, aqhekeke futhi abhoboze noma awe. Imvamisa, amakhasi alahlekelwa aze afike ku-95% wesisindo samaqabunga ephelele ngaphambi kosuku olubekiwe.
Ungalwa kanjani? Qiniseka ukuthi uqoqa wonke amaqabunga awile, enye imfucumfucu yesitshalo kanye nokushiswa. Khulula umhlabathi endaweni eseduze kwesifuba zombili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Phatha nge-fungicides, iBordeaux ketshezi ne-vitriol, kanye nokulwa ne-anthracnose.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-septoria isebenza kakhulu ekuhlaseleni izitshalo lapho kunokuntuleka kwama manganese, ithusi, i-zinc ne-boron enhlabathini, ngakho-ke ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lezi zinto zokulandela ziyinto evamile emhlabathini.
I-Gooseberry Seporia.
I-Gooseberry mosaic
UMose ukutheleleka ngegciwane okungekho ukuphunyula kukho. Izitshalo ezithinteka kuMose zidinga ukukhuliswa futhi zishiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ungakuqonda kanjani ukuthi lokhu kunguMese? Imvamisa kumaqabunga amaqabunga ezitshalo ezinesifo ngenkathi ephezulu ungabona “iphethini” elikhanyayo eliphuzi, elivame ukutholakala emithanjeni esemqoka. Ngemuva kokuvela kwayo, izitshalo zibonakala ziyeka ukukhula nokukhula, empeleni azakhi izithelo, amaqabunga aba mancane kakhulu futhi ancibilikile.
Okulandelayo - izinambuzane zika gooseberry.
Ama-Gooseberry aphid
Ama-aphid izinambuzane ezincane ezincelayo ezihlala kumakholoni - amakhulu noma amancane, zivame ukuthwalwa yizintuthwane ezidla ubisi lwazo esimnandi bese zikhipha ujusi kusuka amahlumela amancane namahlamvu amaqabunga, okuholela ekuguqukeni kanzima, kusontekile futhi kuyamangaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-aphid angaba isithwali sezifo, njengezimpawu zokuhlobisa.
Akulula ukuthola i-aphid ngokwayo, noma kunjalo, ungabona kalula amapheshana kanye namahlumela abonakele aqala ukugoqa. Kuyafaneleka ukuvula iqabunga le-gooseberry noma ukuhlola ihlumela, njengoba uzobona amakoloni e-aphid. Njengoba sesishilo, izintuthwane zivame ukubhekana nokuvela kwama-aphid, ngakho-ke uma kukhona i-anthill esizeni, lapho-ke kuzofanela uqale usisuse endaweni leyo, bese uthatha ama-aphid. Nge inani elincane lama-aphid, ukukhula nalo kunganqunywa futhi kubhujiswe, uma ama-aphid maningi, khona-ke ama-insecticides kufanele asetshenziswe.
Ngaphezu kwamakhemikhali, kungenzeka ukuthi ulwe ne-aphid kuma-gooseberry ngamakhambi abantu - nikeza izitshalo ngesixazululo sensipho (thela 250 g yesepha elwa ne-antibacterial ebhakedeni lamanzi).
Funda izinto zethu ezinemininingwane: Ama-aphid. Ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sikhwanyana esibi kakhulu?
Ama-aphid ngamaqabunga asencane amajamu.
Amacimbi e-Gooseberry
Kwi-gooseberry, ungathola izibungu zezinambuzane eziningi. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho nje amaqabunga eqala ukuqhakaza, ahlaselwa yizimbungulu ze-gooseberry. Lawa angabantu abanombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala amnyama emzimbeni, anamabili ayimilenze.
Amakhethini anamanani amakhulu ayakwazi ukukhipha yonke imishini yamaqabunga esihlahla somuntu ngezinsuku ezingama-7-8, ngakho-ke udinga ukulwa nawo ngokushesha. Uma kunesihlahla esisodwa noma amabili amajikijolo esihlahleni, khona-ke amacimbi angaqoqwa ngesandla, uma kunamabhishi amaningi nezinambuzane, bese kuthi lokhu kungabhubhisa kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides. Ukusuka kumakhambi wolawulo lwabantu, ungasebenzisa i-infusions kagwayi, lwesinaphi noma ezinye izitshalo ngokufakwa okuyisipho okuphoqelekile.
Enye isibungu - amabhungane e-gooseberry - nayo inobuhlakani obukhulu futhi ibuye futhi ichithe ngokuzithandela imishini yokusebenzisa amahlamvu kagqumugqumu. Amacimbi afinyelela kubude obuyi-3-4 cm futhi abe nombala ophuzi ogqamile kakhulu ngemivimbo nemidwebo yombala omnyama.
Ukubhubhisa inkathazo, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa ama-insecticides, ungabeka izicupho ezinamathelayo ze-pheromone zokuzingela izimvemvane esizeni, bese uzama ukubhubhisa lezi zibungu ngemithi yesintu: phatha izitshalo ngokumiliselwa ngomlotha wezinkuni noma uthuthu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathatha amakhilogremu amathathu afafazwe kahle futhi enwebeka esimweni sempuphu yomlotha wezinkuni noma u-soot, uthele ebhakedeni bese uthela amanzi. Bayeke benze izinsuku ezimbili, bese kuba nzima, engeza insipho engu-45-50 g bese welapha izitshalo.
Enye isibungu esilimazayo isibungu se-gooseberry moth. Ngobude, abantu ngamunye afinyelela ku-1.5 cm futhi abe nombala oluhlaza grey, ikhanda elimnyama nezindawo ezimnyama eziyindilinga ezinobukhazikhazi emiphongolweni. Amakhethini awalimazi amaqabunga amaqabunga, kepha amaqanda, awadla. Eqinisweni, isibungu esisodwa sibhubhisa amajikijolo esikhathi esizayo ayisithupha. Amakhethini angaqoqwa ngesandla, nangesibalo esikhulu - ukubhubhisa izinambuzane. Bathi iminti isabeka kude iminti etshalwe eduze kwejamu - kungakufanele ukuzama.
Amakhethini adla amaqabunga amajikijolo.
I-Gooseberry Glass
Kusungulwe ukuthi icala lengilazi lingathinta ama-currants hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-gooseberries. Imvamisa bayabona umphumela womsebenzi webhokisi lengilazi ngokuhluma okungatheni; uma uwunqume, ungabona ibala elimnyama maphakathi nesikhungo, lezi izinsalela zesikhonyane esihamba maphakathi nesigcawu sidla okuqukethwe - umongo waso. Njengomthetho, amacimbi ahamba amahlumela ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, angena ngokusebenzisa imifantu lapho uvemvane lubeka amaqanda.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Gooseberry kumele kwenziwe ngqo ngokumelene nesinambuzane, esifana ngokumangazayo ne-wasp futhi sikopisha ngokuphelele imikhuba yaso. Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo emvelo - i-Lepidocide (30 g nge-10 l lamanzi) kanye neBitoxibacillin (100 g nge-10 l lamanzi), kanye neFitoverm (2 ml nge-10 l lamanzi) ) Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokulungisa, kudingekile njalo ukwahlukanisa izingcezwana ngezinhlobo zasengadini.
Izibuko zengilazi ezakhiwe egatsheni elimele.
Gooseberry Gallica
Ama-currant gall midges nawo alimaza ama-gooseberries, nezinhlobo ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye - ihlumela, imbali kanye neqabunga, okuthinta izitho ezihambisanayo zesitshalo. Ama-midges amade asasebenza kakhulu kuma-gooseberry amile. Ungababona kuphela lapho izibungu ziqala ukubhubhisa izitho zesitshalo lapho amabele enyongo abeka amaqanda azo. Ukulawulwa kwama-larvae kwenziwa ngosizo lwama-insecticides, kanti nenyongo i-midges ngokwayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabanjwa ngezicupho ze-pheromone ezisendaweni.
Njenge-prophylaxis entwasahlobo yesizini ezayo, ungaphinda ukwelashwa kwezitshalo kanye nenhlabathi ngama-insecticides.
Izindlela zemvelo zokulwa nezibungu ze-nyongo midges, kungenzeka ukuthi igama ukwelashwa kwe ukumnika amaqabunga utamatisi. Ukuze uyilungiselele, udinga ukubeka amakhilogremu amahlanu wezinhlwathi ezintsha zezitshalo utamatisi esitsheni, uthele ibhakede lamanzi emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni bese uwavumela ukuba uchithe cishe usuku. Ngemuva kwalokho hlala ikhambi, engeza isigamu sensipho yokuwasha, uyiqede kahle kulokhu ukwakheka futhi ungaqhubeka nokwelashwa, ukubaphatha izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngokushintshana ngezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Kuyaphawuleka nokuthi iphunga lama-mint lisabisa ama-midges enyongo, ngakho-ke izindawo ezinama-gooseberries zingahluka ngezitshalo zeminti.
Zokwelapha Gooseberry Zokuvimbela
Njengoba wazi, isifo noma ukubonakala kwesilokazana kwesinye isikhathi kulula kakhulu ukusivimba kunokuselapha, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ngokuvikela. Kuyiqiniso, kuyadingeka ukuqala izindlela zokuzivikela ngaphambi kokuthi i-gooseberry itshalwe esakhiweni, lapho kuchazwa khona ukukhetha indawo enomhlabathi ohlanzekile lapho i-gooseberry ingakhuli khona ngaphambili.
Indawo engaphansi kwe-gooseberry kumele ikhethwe ivulekile futhi ibushelelezi, ngaphandle kokucindezelwa, futhi izihlahla kufanele zibekwe ukuze zingabonakali futhi ziphazamisane. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukusika, uvame ukunciphisa umqhele futhi ungavumeli ukuba uqweqwe.
Kusukela ekusakazweni kokutheleleka kusiza ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kwezitshalo ngamanzi ashisayo, kufudumele ku-70 ... + 75 ° C. Ngala manzi avela ukuthambisa ungadinga ukunisela kahle izihlahla ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Amabhakede amanzi ajwayele ukwanela ezihlabini ezi-3-4, ngokuya ngeminyaka yawo.
Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuqoqwa kanye nokubhujiswa kwemfucumfucu yesitshalo - amagatsha, amaqabunga, izithelo.
Imvundla imvamisa inhlabathi ezungeze ihlathi le-gooseberry futhi iguquke i-mulch kanye ngenyanga, ukuze kuthi noma ngabe uvemvane ubeka amaqanda lapho, abhujiswe lapho ungqimba lwe-mulch luthathelwa indawo okusha.
Lapho uthamba, hlala uhlukanise amaphuzu asikiwe nezinhlobo zasengadini ukuze ibhokisi lengilazi lingangeni amahlumela.
Ungakhohlwa ngemithi yokuvimbela. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ungaphatha i-gooseberry bush nge-3% Bordeaux ketshezi, futhi ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngo-1% weBordeaux ketshezi, lokhu kuvikela okuhle kwezifo zokukhunta.
Ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka ku-powdery isikhutha ehlobo, ungaziphatha ngesixazululo sikasawoti nensipho (50 g kasawoti no-50 g wesepha ebhakedeni lamanzi). Ukucutshungulwa kungenziwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesikhathi sasehlobo ngekhefu lezinsuku eziyi-10-15.
Ngemuva kokuvuna ukuvimbela i-anthracnose, izitshalo zingalashwa ngo-1% weBordeaux fluid.
Ekwindla, qiniseka ukuthi ukhulula indawo esiseduze kwesifuba, unisela izihlahla, mulch ingaphezulu peat noma humus.
