Amantongomane asenesikhathi eside edumile hhayi ngokudla kuphela kodwa nangezakhiwo zokwelapha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi cishe ama-400 g wama-hazelnuts angangena esikhundleni sokudla kwansuku zonke komuntu omdala kumakhalori. Futhi kunamaprotheni anele, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate kuzo ukuze anikeze umuntu zonke izinto ezidingekayo.
I-hazel enkulu (Corylus maxima) noma uLombard, umane nje ungama-hazelnuts, uthathwa njengenkosi yamantongomane. Ucebile ngamaprotheni (20%) futhi ungama-caloric amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili kunobisi noshokoledi, futhi amahlandla ama-3 kunezinkwa. Amafutha e-Lombard nati adonswa kahle ngumzimba, futhi ama-acid anama-polyunsaturated fat anethonya elihle kumetabolism, evimbela ukukhula kwe-cholesterol. Ukuthi kunamavithamini namaminerali amaningi emikhakheni yezinhlamvu ze-hazelnut akukufanele ngisho nokukhulunywa ngakho. Kubantu abangaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yomzimba, yengqondo, nesitho esikhulayo, lo mkhiqizo ubaluleke kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye.
Thayipha i-Hazel enkulu (Corylus maxima) uyilungu lohlobo lweHazel (Corylus) imindeni engezansi kaHazelCoryloideae) womndeni wakwaBirch (I-Betulaceae).
IHazel enkulu, noma i- "Lombard nati" (Corylus maxima), izithelo ziyaziwa ngokuthi ama-hazelnuts. © naturguckerUmlando kaLombard Walnut
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ugu lweLwandle Olumnyama lungaba yindawo okwazalelwa kuyo iLombard walnut, ngoba lona kanye igama elithi "hazelnut" ekuhumusheni okuvela kuzindlela zaseTurkey - "kusuka kuLwandle Olumnyama". Mhlawumbe isiko lasabalala ukusuka lapho laya eYurophu, labe selilethwa eMelika. Izazi zemivubukulo zithola amagobolondo ama-hazelnuts aqhamuka ku-Neolithic, okusho ukuthi le nati yayisetshenziswa okhokho bethu basendulo. Babephathwa ngamakhanda, bazame ukwandisa ukukhula ngokudla izikhwebu. I-Lombard nati yathathwa njengophawu lokuchichima, ingcebo, enikezwe amandla waphezulu ukuvikela emimoyeni emibi nasekukhanyiseni.
Namuhla, kukhiqizwa ama-hazelnuts emazweni ahlukene anemoya yawo iyasithanda lesi sitshalo. Indawo yokuqala phakathi kwabo, yiqiniso, yiTurkey, lapho minyaka yonke bathola kuze kufike kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400 wamantongomane. I-Italy neSpain, i-USA ne-Azerbaijan nazo ziwukhulisa lo mkhiqizo obalulekile, okudingwa umhlaba wonke, okuyindlela, yokweneliswa kuphela ngama-75%. Ama-kernels we-Lombard walnut asetshenziswa ku-confectionery, kuthosiwe futhi omisiwe, kwenziwa ufulawa ne-pasta. Zonke izingxenye zalesi sitshalo zisetshenziswa ekhemisi. Wood uya ekwakhiweni kwefenisha ebizayo. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhula ngama-hazelnuts ibhizinisi elinenzuzo kakhulu futhi elithembisayo.
Ama-Hazelnuts, izithelo ze-hazel ezinkulu. © John KitsteinerIncazelo yehazel enkulu
Unjani ngempela, le nki yasebukhosini? ILombard walnut iyi-shrub efinyelela ku-8 m ubude. Njengoba ivulwe umoya, iyisitshalo esinokuziphatha okuhle ngakho-ke idinga omakhelwane. Amacici angamaduna aphuzi okukhanyayo namacici angabonakali avela kudala ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule. Ukuze uthole impova enhle, udinga ukutshala amamaki angama-2-3 eceleni, noma utshale isihlahla se-hazel yasendle. Ama-Hazelnuts angatshalwa ngokusakazeka ngokudla (ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla) nezindlela zembewu.
IHazel iqine kakhulu futhi ayikhathaleli. Alonakaliswa yizilokazane futhi aliguli. Ingakhula emithambekeni, nasezigodini nasezintabeni eziphansi. Ngakho-ke, usizo lwayo alwazi mingcele - bangaqinisa zonke izinhlobo zezindawo zezinkinga futhi baqoqe izilimo ezibalulekile.
Ama-inflorescence amaduna (“amakati”) we-hazel enkulu. © UMark WattsUkukhula nokunakekela amantongomane weLombard
Ngeshwa, i-hazel inkulu, noma i-Lombard nati isitshalo esithanda ukushisa, ubusika baso buphansi. Ukutshala ama-lombard walnut kungenzeka ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu kuphela.
IHazel enkulu ithanda nenhlabathi engaxutshiwe, engathathi hlangothi noma ine-alkaline kancane, izindawo ezinelanga. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ama-hazelnuts akhula ngokujwayelekile, kepha isivuno athela okuncane. Amabhasi atshalwe ekwindla, ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. AmaHumus (15 kg), i-superphosphate (200 g) nosawoti we-potassium (50 g) afakwa emigodini yokutshala (70 × 70). Uhlelo lwezimpande luyahlolwa, lapho kunezindawo ezilimele, zinqunywa endaweni enempilo. Ngemuva kokutshala, ama-hazelnuts aniselwa kakhulu futhi afakwe ngotshani obunjiwe. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla liyi-4 - 6 m.
Uma i-Lombard nati iniselwa kaningana phakathi nenkathi, khona-ke isivuno sikhuphuka cishe izikhathi ezi-2. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo (ngoJuni-Julayi), lapho izithelo zikhula, hazel enkulu ngokuvamile idinga ukuthambisa okukhulu. Kusetshenziswa izicucu ukuthola isivuno esihle. Okuhle kakhulu ngumanyolo, umquba nomanyolo wezimbiwa, ezisetshenziswa minyaka yonke. Uma inhlabathi ivundiswe ngokwanele futhi inempilo, ungangeqi umthamo wamanyolo we-nitrogen, njengoba nawo efaka isandla ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwezitho, kunciphisa isivuno.
Izithelo eziluhlaza ze-hazel enkulu. © bosco139Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, izimpande ze-hazelnut zikhula ngokushesha kunengxenye yomhlaba. Isivuno seLombard nati sizoqala ukuthwala iminyaka emi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala. Isihlahla sivuselelwa ngonyaka we-11: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, iziqu ezindala zigawulwa futhi zincane, amahlumela ezimpande ayancishiswa.
Ukunakekela ama-hazelnuts akunzima, futhi ukutshala isitshalo esinjalo engadini kuzoletha isivuno esibalulekile futhi esisebenzayo esizothokozelwa ngabantu abadala nezingane.
