Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-radash engadini ehlobo

Isithombo, esivele eYurophu sibonga uMarco Polo, ofunde ngempilo namasiko abantu base China, ungenye yezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokutshala isithombo futhi isitshalo semifino minyaka yonke esamukelwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba.

Inani eliyinhloko le-radish isitshalo sezimpande esimanzi sesimo esiyindilinga noma esisongekile, sibonga ukuthi imifino yathola igama laso, isuselwa ku-radix, okusho ukuthi "impande".

Kusukela ngekhulu le-XIII, lapho izakhamizi ze-Old World zijwayelana nesitshalo esisha sasengadini, izinhlobo eziningi ezithokozisayo ze-radish zavunwa. Uma isithombo esikhula ngokusobala esikhula sisebenza ngokoqobo empeleni singakhi isitshalo esiyimpande, umbala we-rhizome awusiwo opinki noma obomvu, kepha umhlophe, bese uhlakulela ukuncintisana ngezimo ezahlukahlukene nemibala.

Emibhedeni ungabona umbozwe yisikhumba esincanyana esidwetshwe kuwo wonke ama-rose apinki abomvu, kanye nezimpande ezimhlophe, eziphuzi futhi ezimpunga.

Ezingadini zaseRussia, isithombo singenye yemifino yokuqala futhi siyabongwa ngokuvuthwa kwayo kokuqala, ukumelana nesithwathwa nokunambitheka okusha okunezipayisi, okuyisiko esikwele ubukhona kawoyela wesinaphi ezimpandeni.

Ukushisa okushisa

Le nhlobonhlobo enobuhle ingenye yakudala. I-Radish Heat yatholakala eVitenskaya OSS ezifundeni zeBaltic maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule kanti ngo-1965 yagcotshwa ezifundeni eziningi zezwe.

Kusukela ekuhlolweni kokuhluma kokuqala kokuqoqwa kwezithelo zezimpande ezinhle, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-30, kuyilapho isivuno esinesisindo esingama-2,8 kg singavunwa kusuka kumamitha-skwele okutshala kwalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwesithombo. Ngaphansi kwendawo ebomvu emnyama yezimpande iyi-eluhlaza emhlophe noma ebomvana, ngaphandle kwama-voids, inyama enambitheka kamnandi, omnandi ngokulingana. Isisindo sempande eyindilinga noma ye-elliptic ye-radish ye-Heat ingu-15-27 amagremu. Isokhethi linamandla, liyasakazeka, isithombo selicishe lifihlwe ngokuphelele emhlabathini. Le nhlobo ye-radish ilungile lapho ikhule ngaphansi kwefilimu.

Isithombo Dabel F1

I-Dabel F1 hybrid radish inika isivuno esele ezinsukwini ezingama-18-20 kusukela esikhathini sokuvela kwamahlumela. Ubungqabavu besitshalo luy rosette elihlangene ngokuphelele futhi likhule kahle izitshalo ezinkulu zezimpande ezinomzimba omhlophe omnyama kanye nokunambitheka okuphakathi. Isiko alivumelani nesithwathwa futhi alizwani neqhwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo zezimpande kuyaqhubeka ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Ngokubambezeleka kokuvunwa kwama-radishing ngaphakathi kwezilimo zezimpande, ama-voids awakheki, ukuvumelana akuhlali kuminyene kanye nekhrisimu. Azange kube namacala okuqothuka noma ukuqhekeka kwe-Dabel F1 radish. Ukukhiqiza kuya ngobuningi bokutshala. Uma isikhathi okungenani esingu-5 cm sibonwa phakathi kwezitshalo nokuswakama kwenhlabathi kugcinwa, amaqabunga awelula, izimpande zezitshalo zenziwa zikhulu, futhi, ukuthengiswa nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.

Isaladi Dabel F1 ilungele ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu nokuqalisa. Isithombo sokuqala sokukhiqiza isivuno esiphakeme kufanelekile ukuba singatshalwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokugcina izithombo, ngaphansi kwefilimu nasendaweni evulekile.

Isithombo Esikhulu Esibomvu

Uhlobo oluvunwe ngesivuno esiphakathi nendawo lwaludotshwa eMpumalanga Ekude futhi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidluleyo labikwa hhayi kulesi sifunda kuphela, kodwa nasezingxenyeni zaseYurophu zeRussia, kanye naseNyakatho neCaucasus.

Isikhathi kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni nasekutholeni izitshalo ezimpande zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Red Giant, ngokuya ngesifunda kanye nesimo sezulu, sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-34 kuye kwezingu-50.

Kufika ku-4.2 ama-radish asezingeni eliphakeme avunwa ngemitha ngayinye yemibhede engadini. I-radish Red Giant ine-rosette enkulu. Izitshalo ezenziwa impande zinombala obomvu ocebile, lapho izintshebe ezinombala ogqamile zibonakala. I-radish inesimo se-cylindrical, futhi ingaba nesisindo kusuka kumagremu angama-45 kuye kwangama-80 ubude obu-13 cm. Inyama emhlophe yokunambitheka okubuthakathaka okubuthakathaka, ayilahlekelwa yi-juicness yayo kanye nobumnandi obuhle kanye nokunambitheka okuhle isikhathi eside.

Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nesithwathwa futhi zilungele umhlabathi ovulekile. Ezitshalweni zalolu hlobo oluyi-radical, akuveli imicibisholo. Ezimweni zesitoreji esiqandisiwe, igcina izakhiwo nezimfanelo zentengiso izinyanga ezingafika kwezingu-3-4.

Isithombo se-Cherriet F1

I-Cheriet F1, i-hybrid enkulu yezithelo zokuqala, yatholakala ngabalimi baseDashi. Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo kanye nezimo zezulu ezivumayo, uma isitshalo sitshalwe endaweni evulekile, isithombo siveza izinsuku eziyi-18 ngemuva kokuvela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Izitshalo zikhule kahle zombili emibhedeni ngesikhathi esifudumele, futhi unyaka wonke zigcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Izitshalo ezenziwa impande zikhulu, zibushelelezi, zinokuqina, azinakuqina futhi zinambitheka okuhle. Ububanzi besilinganiso esiyimpande obomvu oyindilinga bufinyelela ku-6 cm.

I-hybrid F1 radish hybrid ayamelana nokwakheka kwemicibisholo yezimbali kanye nohlaza obuluhlaza. Ibanga eliphakanyisiwe phakathi kwezitshalo ngu-5-6 cm.

Isaladi Celeste F1

Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwe-hybrid radish uCeleste F1 kunikeza isivuno sokuqala kwezilimo zezimpande ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-23-25. Ukuvunwa kwehlukaniswa yizimpawu eziphakeme zentengiso. Izitshalo ezenziwa impande zibuye zibe, ziyindilinga noma zibunjiwe ngendlela ethile. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-radish zidonsela ukunaka ngombala obomvu okhanyayo ongaphezulu kwezilimo zezimpande kanye ne-pulp yazo emhlophe qhwa emhlophe ngokunamandla obukhali nokunambitheka okuhle. Ububanzi obuphakathi bezimpande bungama-5 cm.

Isithombo sonyaka wonke weCeleste F1 sikhula emasimini avulekile nangaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu. Ukuphahlazeka noma ukubabaza ipulpiti akubonwa.

Isishisi esimhlophe Mokhovsky

Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe zerabha emhlophe uMokhovsky ifanelwe ukunakwa hhayi kuphela ngepulpule elimhlophe qhwa kanye nombala wesikhumba esifanayo. Izilimo zokuqala eziyindilinga zalesi zinhlobonhlobo zingatholakala ngezinsuku eziyi-19-31. Ukusuka kumamitha wokutshala, kuvunwa u-0.7 kuya ku-1 kg wezitshalo zezimpande.

I-radish emhlophe inambitha okuhle futhi inoshukela omningi, ukhrisimu.

Isokisi limi, liphakanyiswe ngenhla komhlabathi. Isitshalo sezimpande esinobubanzi obungafika ku-4 cm futhi sinesisindo esingama-23 amagremu sifakwe kuma-70% emhlabathini, esidonswa kalula.

Isithombo izinhlobo Autumn giant

I-Mid-season radish Autumn giant isilungele ukuvunwa ngezinsuku ezingama-25- 29. Ubumnandi bale nhlobonhlobo engajwayelekile bukhulu kakhulu bumsuka omhlophe noma izitshalo zezimpande ezimise okwamaqanda ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-150. Ubukhulu obuphakathi bezimpande bungama-8 - 10 cm, inyama ye-radish Autumn giue imhlophe, ijusi, ukuthungwa okuthe xaxa nokunambitheka okukhanyayo.

Izitshalo ezimpande zalolu hlobo lwe-radish zigcinwa izinyanga ezingaba mihlanu, empeleni ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa usizi nokunambitha kwazo, ngakho-ke, ngisho nasebusika, zingasetshenziswa zisha. Kungcono ukungashiyi izimpande ezivuthiwe enhlabathini, ngoba ziba coarser futhi zilahlekelwe ukunambitheka okungokwemvelo kwezinhlobonhlobo.

Ngokubukeka nekhwalithi, le radish emhlophe ifana kakhulu nolunye uhlobo lokuhlwanyela isithombo - daikon. Uma eYurophu ithandwa kakhulu kunayo yonke inhlobo yezinhlobo zama-radash atholwe isithombo, i-daikon, ebizwa ngokuthi isishwashe saseJapan noma isiShayina, isiko elithandwayo eMpumalanga.

Ungahlukanisa imifino yezimpande ze-daikon kusuka kuma-radish amhlophe ngokungabikho kokunambitheka okudumile okudumile. Akukho mafutha wesinaphi ku-daikon pulp, kepha kunephunga elikhethekile. Uhlobo lwamahlamvu luyehluka emasikweni amabili asondelene. Ngokuphikisana neradish emhlophe, amaqabunga e-daikon anesimo esinqunyiwe futhi sikhulu.

Igama le-daikon lihunyushwa lisuka eJapan ngokuthi "impande enkulu". Impela, izimpande zalesi siko, esithola ukuthandwa eMhlabeni Omdala, zikhula zibe ngama-60-70 cm ubude, futhi zifinyelela isisindo esingama-500 amagremu kuya ku-3-4 kg.

Isithombo Zlata

Ngaphezu kwe-radish emhlophe, kusethi yanamuhla yezinhlobo zalesi siko kunezinhlobo zeminye imibala ehehayo. Ukunikeza ngezinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kweziyi-22, ukuvuna kokuqala okunobungane, izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zase-Zlata zishaywa ngezitshalo eziyimpande eziphuzile. I-pulp imhlophe, ine-crispy, ukuthungwa okumnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziveza kakhulu, zibekezelela ukungabikho komswakama, futhi ngokunisela okuhle nokunakekela ngesikhathi sokuvuna izimpande zalolu hlobo oluyi-radish zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-10-12, kuthi emva kwesonto isisindo sikhuphuke sibe amagremu angama-20- 24. Isisindo esiphezulu sama-radash singama-60 amagremu.

Izitshalo ezimpande zezinhlobonhlobo zeZlata zinezimfanelo eziphakeme zentengiso, ezihlala isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuvunwa.

Radish malaga

Izinhlobonhlobo zesithombo seMalaga azifani kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe kwezilimo zezimpande, kodwa nangombala wazo onsomi. Isilimo sakhiwa ndawonye, izithombo zezimpande zibushelelezi, ziyindilinga, zinesisindo esingamagremu ayi-16 kuye kwangama-20 zigcinwa isikhathi eside ngemuva kokumba, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuthungwa okuminyene kobuhlakani, ukujula kokunambitheka okusha.