E-floriculture, phakathi kwazo zonke izitshalo ezikhona zokuqala nezinezimbali ezinhle, ama-pansies ngokungangabazeki angenye enhle kunazo zonke.
Umbala wezimbali uhluke kakhulu, kusuka kokulula okumhlophe kuya kokumnyama nazo zonke izinhlobo zemibala ephuzi, ebomvu neblue.
Maphakathi nembali, ukukhuluma imaphakathi, kaningi ungakwazi ukubona ucezu oluncane olungafani nolumbala.
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zalesi sitshalo, yiVittroka Violet neTricolor Violet, umehluko wazo ngombala nangokwakheka.
Ama-pansies ngokwawo ayizitshalo zisetshenziswa eziphakeme ezinobude obuyi-15 kuya kwengama-30 cm, ngokuvamile lezi zimbali zikhula njengezitshalo ezingama-biennial. Ngokwesimo, lezi zimbali zifana nama-violets ngamandla amakhulu.
Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, izihlahla zesitshalo zihlangana ngokuqinile, emva kwalokho zisakazeka ngokwengeziwe, uhlelo lwezimpande zalezi zimbali lunemicu, kepha umcibisholo oyinhloko uvulekile.
Esikhathini samaqabunga ama-pansies, izimbali ezincane ziveza izimbali, zithweswe umqhele ngezimbali ezizodwa, ezingafika kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-7. Inani eliphambili lalezi zimbali liqala ukuqhakaza futhi likhulu. Amapayipi aqala ukuqhakaza ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (lokhu kuphakathi neRussia).
Inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zama-violets anezimbali ezinkulu liphinde livame kakhulu kusiko leli, lezi yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlanzeka ezazivinjelwa abafuyi ngesikhathi somsebenzi wesikhathi eside. Manje sekukhona ama-nzalo anjalo amelana nokushisa okuhle futhi akwazi ukuqhubeka ukuqhakaza ehlobo lonke.
Ukulima nokunakekela
Njengoba sekushiwo, enye yamanani aphambili e-pansies aqala futhi aqhakaze ukuqhakaza. Lezi zimbali zisetshenziselwa njengento yokushintsha ezimbili, umhlobiso wokuqala wezimbali wasentwasahlobo wezingadi, imibhede yezimbali, njll. Ngemuva kwentwasahlobo nokuqhakaza kohlobo lwentwasahlobo lwalezimbali, amafomu abo ehlobo athatha indawo yabo.
Ungasakaza ama-pansies ngembewu nokusikwa okuluhlaza. Ukuhlwanyela kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile, konke kuya ngesikhathi sezimbali esidingekayo. Ukuze uthole ukuqhakaza okuningi kwentwasahlobo, imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ehlobo lonyaka owedlule.
Ngokuvamile, amapani athathwa njengezimbali ezinobunzima bokuqina kobusika, kodwa ezindaweni zasenyakatho nentshonalanga kwenzeka ukuthi ziqandisa noma zibulawe ukushisa ngokweqile. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntenga ngokweqile kwendawo okuhlwanyelayo noma ngenxa yesikhathi sokutshala esikhethwe ngokungafanele.
Uma uhlwanyela imbewu engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, izithombo ezincane zizoqala ukuqhakaza ekwindla kanye nasesigangeni. Lokhu kuholela ebusika obunzima, njengoba izithombo ziba buthaka, zidlulela phambili. Izitshalo ezingazange ziyaqhakaza futhi ezingazange ziphume ngesikhathi sekwindla zingabekezelela kangcono ubusika futhi zijabulise iso ngokuqhakaza kwazo okuningi entwasahlobo konyaka olandelayo.
Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenzeka kamuva, khona-ke izithombo kuzoba nzima ebusika, ngoba zingakabi nesikhathi esenele sokukhula ngamandla futhi zithathe, lokhu kuzothinta nezimbali zazo zesikhathi esizayo, okungukuthi, kuzoba sekwephuzile.
Ukuthola izithombo zamapani, imbewu kudingeka ihlwanyelwe ezindlini ezikhethekile noma imibhede elungiselelwe futhi icutshungulwe ngokukhethekile. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngama-sparse ngemigqa, bese izithombo zokuqala zivela ezinsukwini eziyisithupha emva kokuhlwanyela.
Izithombo zokusanhlamvu kufanele zenziwe masinyane ziye kweminye imibhede, ngqo ezindaweni lapho zizobusika khona. Lapho ukha, kubalulekile ukushiya indawo phakathi kwezitshalo 20x20 cm.
Ngokukhetha, into esemqoka ukuthi ungephuthi kuze kube yilapho izithombo zinesikhathi sokuselula nokuphuma. Ngemuva kokudalwa kobusika ngonyaka olandelayo entwasahlobo, izitshalo ezincane ziqala ukukhula ngokushesha nokuqhakaza. Ukuze usheshise inqubo yokuqhakaza, imibhede ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ingambozwa ngefilimu yeselula.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwamapani, ungadlulisa amehlo ungene kwamanye imibhede yezimbali, imibhede yezimbali, okokudonsa nezimbiza ukuhlobisa amafasitela, ama-loggias kanye nama-balconies. Ukunakekelwa kwezimbali ezindaweni zokubhaliswa kwento kuqukethe ukhula kanye nokukhulula. Uma kunesidingo, izitshalo zinganiselwa futhi zilawule izinambuzane.
Kuhle kakhulu ukondla izithombo zalesi sitshalo nge-ammonium nitrate bese ufaka i-superphosphate 20-40 g nge-1 m2. Akunakusho ukuthi awondli amapani ngomquba omusha - lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli!
Uma izitshalo zitshalwe endaweni enelanga, khona-ke zinezimbali ezinkulu futhi ezikhanyayo, kodwa ama-pansies akhula emthunzini oyingxenye wokuqhakaza isikhathi eside, kodwa ngezimbali ezincane nezinamabala. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo, zingabumbeka futhi kufakwe ezinye esikhundleni sehlobo.
Ukuthola imbewu kulezi sitshalo ezibunjiwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobonhlobo eziqinile neziqinile ezidinga ukutshalwa emibhedeni yembewu, lapho zizodinga ukuniselwa khona.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lapho utshala izimbali on imbewu ukuthi pansies izimbali cross-impova, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukulandela ibanga Spatial phakathi izitshalo izinhlobo ezahlukene. Lokhu kuzokunika ithuba lokulondoloze imbewu yezimbali enebanga elingahlanzekile.
Ukuze uzikhulise njengonyaka, ukuhlwanyela imbewu kumele kuqale ngoMashi ku-greenhouse, noma ekhaya ngamabhokisi. I-Pike kufanele yenziwe ku-greenhouse ngo-Ephreli, futhi ngoMeyi, izithombo sezingatshalwa emhlabathini. Uma uhlwanyela amapani entwasahlobo, khona-ke ziyaqhakaza ehlobo lonyaka ofanayo okude kunokujwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ezinjalo zonyaka ziphansi kakhulu kulezozitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ngonyaka odlule, ngombala nosayizi. Ukuthola izimbali zasekwindla, ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuyadingeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kanye nokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-55-70.
Ukuzala
Indlela ye-vegetative yokusakazwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-hybrid ngezinsika eziluhlaza ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile ilula kakhulu, futhi futhi yenza sikwazi ukushiya izinhlobo ezihlanzekile futhi uthole izinto zokutshala eziningi ngehlobo elilodwa nje. Izimbumbulu kufanele zithathwe ngemithamo emi-2 kuya ku-Meyi kuya kuJulayi.
Kufanele ukhethe amahlumela angapheli, aluhlaza futhi ube nezindawo ezingama-2-3. Ikakhulu kulokhu, kufanele ukhethe indawo enombala, omanzi kancane, ehamba phambili ngaphansi kwezihlahla, wenze imibhede ephansi lapho. Zidinga ukupakishwa ngokweqile futhi ziniselwe kahle.
Ama-cutways kufanele atshalwe kuze kufike ku-0.5 cm, konke ukusika kufanele kutshalwe ngokuqinile maqondana nomunye, ukuze amaqabunga awo ahlangane.
Uma ukusika kwenziwa ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni, ukuqhakaza kwazo kuzovela ehlobo noma ekwindla konyaka ofanayo, uma ukusikeka kwenzeka kamuva, ukuqhakaza kuzoqala ngonyaka olandelayo entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuba izingcucu sezinezelwe, ekwindla zingadluliselwa engadini noma engadini yezimbali, lapho zizokhula khona ngokuqhubekayo.
Uma ama-cutways abekhona ngenyanga ka-Agasti, kungcono ukushiya izitshalo zokuyobusika endaweni efanayo kuze kube unyaka olandelayo, ukumboza ngeqabunga ebusika. Futhi kakade entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, lokhu kusikwa kungathathelwa kabusha engadini yezimbali.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ama-pansies akhulayo alungile ngoba kunezinkinga ezimbalwa kakhulu nawo, noma iqiniso lokuthi izinambuzane ziyajuluka. Lezi zitshalo zitholakala kalula kuma-aphid nezikhova, kepha kulula ukubhekana nazo ngamathuluzi akhethekile angathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Izifo ezingaba khona zalesi sitshalo zingahlasela kuphela ukwephula ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, ngokwesibonelo, umlenze omnyama, izimpande nokubola, ukubuka kanye ne-powdery isikhutha.
Ngenxa yokuthi kulinywe ama-pansies, amehlo awadingi, kulula ukukhulisa hhayi emibhedeni yezimbali nemibhede kuphela, kodwa futhi kumakhalkini nama-loggias emabhodweni, ayakwazi ukusebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wezimbali ze-bulb kanye nama-slides e-alpine.
Futhi lapho, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lezi zimbali ezinhle zizokujabulisa, kusuka entwasahlobo kuze kube sekwephuzile.
