Inqubo yokukhula izithombo iklabishi icishe ifane kuzo zonke izinhlobo iklabishi. Lo mbhalo uzobheka isibonelo sokukhula kwezithombo zamaklabishi.
Ngokuvuthwa nesikhathi kungahlukaniswa ku:
- Ukuvuthwa kwangoko (okuhlwanyelwe engxenyeni yokuqala kaMashi);
- Isizini ephakathi (ihlwanyelwe ukusuka ngoMashi 15 kuya ku-Ephreli 15);
- Ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile (okuhlwanyelwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli).
Ungayitshala kanjani iklabishi yezithombo?
Ngokutshala imbewu yeklabishi yezithombo, kunconywa ingxube yenhlabathi, enengxenye eyodwa yomhlaba wesod nezingxenye ezimbili ze-humus. Kunconywa ukufaka i-ash kule ngxube, ngokusekelwe ku-1 kg yengxube, isipuni esisodwa somlotha. Lokhu kunothisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezengeziwe zokulandela umkhondo futhi kuvimbele ukuvela kwezifo ezithile zezithombo.
Ukutshala iklabishi ngezithombo kufanele kuqale ngokulungiselela imbewu. Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokutshala, imbewu kumele icutshungulwe kusetshenziswa izindlela ezamukelwa ngokuvamile zokulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ikhethwa ngokucophelela. Imbewu yeklabishi ithululelwa ngesisombululo se-3% sodium chloride imizuzu emi-5. Imbewu esekhulile ihlangana namanzi, bese eseleyo ihlanjululwe futhi yomiswa. Okokuhlwanyela imbewu yezingxenyana ezinkulu neziphakathi zikhethiwe.
Ukutshala iklabishi lezithombo kufakwa ngembewu enamagciwane. Ukusuka kuma-pathogens, imbewu ingahlaselwa ngegciwane ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate, bese uyihlanza ngamanzi. Kepha ukucubungula okunjalo kunikeza amaphesenti amancane okungenzeka. Umphumela omkhulu ungatholakala ngokwelashwa okushisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ibekwa esikhwameni se-gauze bese icwilisa emanzini ashisayo imizuzu engama-20. Ukushisa kwamanzi kufanele kube phakathi kwama-48-50mayelanaC kusukela emazingeni okushisa aphansi, umphumela oyifunayo uzolahleka, futhi ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu, imbewu ingahle ilahlekelwe yikhono lazo lokuhluma.
Kukhona enye indlela eya ekuhlaselweni kwembewu: asebekhulile ngesixazululo sikagalikhi (30 g wegalikhi ochotshoziwe oncibilikisiwe ku-0,5 inkomishi yamanzi) ihora elilodwa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imbewu kumele igezwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese yomiswa ngokuphelele.
Ekufakweni kwembewu, kungahle kuvezwe ukuthi sekudlulile ukucubungula okudingekayo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa okushisa kuphela, okudingeka ukwandisa ukumelana kwembewu ezifweni zokukhunta.
Tshala imbewu emabhokisini 20 * 30 * 7. Emhlabathini, kukhona imifino ecindezelwa ibanga elingamasentimitha amathathu ukusuka komunye kuya ekujuleni kuka-0.7 cm. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kule mikhondo. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liyaklwebeka futhi limbozwe ngefilimu. Izithombo zokuqala zivele ngosuku lwesine emva kokuhlwanyela. Kunconywa ukuba kubekwe amabhokisi anezithombo.
Izindlela eziphambili zokutshala izithombo
Kunezindlela ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokukhulisa izithombo zeklabishi:
- Indlela yokuqala. Lapho nje kuvela izithombo, imbewu iyaguqulwa (amahlumela awengeziwe asuswe). Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ezisele lingamasentimitha ayi-1.5. Ngemuva kwesonto, amahlumela asele ayadluliselwa (dive) emakhasethini (ngamapulangwe noma epulasitiki) ngamaseli akalwa ngo-3 cm ngo-3. Lapho kudonswa, lesi sitshalo kumele sijule emhlabathini sibe ngamaqabunga e-cotyledon. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, izithombo ezivela kumakhasethi zidluliselwa ezinkomishini, ubukhulu bazo bungama-6 * 6 cm. Amahlumela asuswa kumakhasethi ngenhlama yomhlaba, emva kwalokho afakwa ezinkomishini kuze kube yilapho ikhekhamba lisuka futhi lifafazwe ngenhlabathi. Isinyathelo sokugcina kuzoba ukuthutha izithombo ngqo emhlabathini.
- Indlela yesibili. Izithombo zeklabishi ezivela emabhokisini zidluliselwa ngokushesha zibe zingilazi, zidlule esigabeni sokufakelwa zibe amakhasethi. Usayizi wezinkomishi zezithombo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ngu-5 * 5 cm, futhi uvuthwe sekwephuzile - 8 * 8 cm. Lapho ukufakelwa, impande enkulu kufanele isikwe ku-1/3 yobude. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande lukhululwe kangcono. Amahlumela ezinkomishini angcwatshwa amaqabunga e-cotyledon asebenzisa iziqongo.
Ukutshala izithombo iklabishi yokuqala
Ukuze uthole izithombo ezikhulayo zeklabishi yokuqala, eminye imithetho kufanele ibhekwe.
Ukufaka izithombo phezulu kumele kwenziwe ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 ukusuka esikhathini sokugxumela kwikhasethi. Ngokusekelwe kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi, amagremu ama-2 we-ammonium nitrate, amagremu ama-4 we-superphosphate, 1 gram yomanyolo we-potash ancibilikile.
- Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili kusukela ngesikhathi sokudla kokuqala. Umthamo wezinto eziphindwe kabili.
- Izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo zingene emhlabathini ongapheli. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo sezivele zinalo uhlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe namaqabunga eqiniso angama-6-8. 2 g we-ammonium nitrate, 4 g we-superphosphate, ama-6-8 g omanyolo we-potash ancibilikisiwe 1 litre lamanzi.
Ukunisela izithombo kwenziwa ngokulinganisela. Inhlabathi enomswakama ngokweqile akufanele ivunyelwe.
Ukuthola amahlumela enempilo yeklabishi, kuyadingeka ukuyinikeza ngombuso wokukhanya wamahora ayi-16-16. Ngokuya ngamandla ukuthi amalambu wokufakelwa unamaphi amandla, atholakala kusuka kuzithombo kubude be-10 kuye ku-50 cm (njengoba izitshalo zikhula, ibanga kufanele lishintshwe). Isikhathi esivulekile sokuvula isibani sisuka ngo-8 a.m kuya ku-11 p.m.
Ekuhlumeni okunobungane kwezithombo nokukhula kwezitshalo, lo mbuso wezokwelapha olandelayo kufanele uqashelwe:
- Ngaphambi kwamahlumela okuqala - 18-20 mayelanaC;
- Imbewu Ehlwanyelwe - USuku Oluncane 15-17 mayelanaC, usuku olunamafu 13-15 mayelanaC, ebusuku 7-10 mayelanaC;
Ukunakekela izithombo zeklabishi ekhaya cishe akufani nezehlakalo ezijwayelekile. Ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zitshalwe enhlabathini engapheli, kufanele iqale ukuba lukhuni amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokufakelwa okuhlosiwe. Emabangeni okuqala, izitshalo zijwayela kancane kancane emoyeni obandayo, zona zivula amafasitela.
Esigabeni sesibili, izitshalo zithwalwa ziyiswa kuvulandi amahora angama-2-3 ngesikhathi sosuku, kepha zivikela izithombo elangeni eliqondile. Kancane kancane, isikhathi siyanda, nokuvikelwa elangeni kuyasuswa. Lapho lukhuni, izithombo empeleni aziniselwa. Esigabeni sokugcina sokuqina, uma izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lidlula i-2-3 mayelanaC, izithombo zobusuku zisale emoyeni omusha, ngaphambili owambozwa ngefilimu eyelulwe ngaphezulu kohlaka.
Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini engapheli
Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini ehlala njalo kuyenziwa:
- Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa - ukuphela kuka-Ephreli-ukuqala kukaMeyi;
- Ezinhlobonhlobo zaphakathi nesizini - ukuphela kukaMeyi - ukuqala kukaJuni;
- Izinhlobo zezindlela zokuphuza sekwephuzile - maphakathi noMeyi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iklabishi litholakala kakhulu emakhazeni, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuyimboza ebusuku. Ngemuva kokutshala, izinsuku zokuqala zezithombo kufanele zimbozwe elangeni eliqondile.
