Ama-orchid wokuqala avela eMhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-130 edlule, kepha ukubuswa kwalezi zinto zasendle kwenzeka kakhulu kamuva, ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka BC, ngenxa yezakhamizi zaseJapan naseChina. Ngekhulu le-19 baqala ukukhula eYurophu. Lezi zinsuku okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi engaqondakali ama-orchid amnyama. Le mbali ezintekenteke iyakhanga futhi ihehe, yenza ukuthi ufune ukuvikela ubuhle bayo obuthakathaka, obu-crystal.
Indaba yezimbali
Inganekwane ithi isintu safunda ngokubonga okungaqondakali okumnyama kwe-orchid ngokubonga kwezazi zezemvelo uGeorge Cranleit, owebile lesi sitshalo esingcwele komdabu baseNingizimu Melika. Aborigini abathukuthele bathola lo mbi ngeshwa futhi wamjezisa ngalokho akwenzile, bahlukunyezwa kabuhlungu.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-orchid amnyama "amnyama" ayimithunzi emnyama yeminye imibalaNgokuya ngohlobo lwesayensi lwabansundu, babedabuka eCalifornia.okwazile ukuthola izimbali ezinamacembe amnyama kakhulu nephunga elimnandi le-vanilla ngokuwela ama-phenylepses.
Ama-orchid amnyama angawomndeni wama-orchid, i-asparagus oda, ikilasi le-monocotyledonous, umnyango wezitshalo wezimbali
Izazi zebhayoloji zithi umbala obumnyama onsundu awukho emvelweni, futhi i-orchid emnyama ayisiyo into nje eyiyeyimbali enombala onsomi omnyama kakhulu, omfushane noma onsomi. Ngakho-ke, lezi zimbali zibizwa ngokuthi "ezimnyama" ngezinga eliphakeme lokuhlangana.
Ukubukeka Okufana Nebala Elimnyama
Ngaphandle, ama-orchid amnyama ahlukahlukene, isazi sebhayoloji esinolwazi kuphela esizokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zitshalo zingezinhlobo ezifanayo. Ngezansi incazelo emfushane yezinhlobo zama-orchid amnyama:
| I-Phalaenopsis imvemvane emnyama | Izimbali zifana nezimvemvane. Ipuleti lamaqabunga lingubende onsomi, licishe libe mnyama. Umngcele omfishane omhlophe ozungeze onqenqemeni lwembali |
| Dracula roezlii | Izimbali ezikhethiwe, amacembe aqhakazayo. Ama-petals kubukeka sengathi kumnyama ngenxa yamabala amabala amnyama awamboza |
| UMaxillaria schunkeana | Izimbali mncane, onsomi omnyama, unxantathu, unephunga elimnandi. Ethafeni eliphansi kukhona amachashazi amhlophe amhlophe. Kubonwa njengama-orchid amnyama kakhulu |
| I-Paphiopedilum de nachtwacht | Izimbali zinomusa imibala yama-cherries avuthiwe. Ama-petals aphakanyisiwe anamaphethelo akhombe |
| Paphiopedilum pisgah phakathi kwamabili | Izimbali zimnyama kakhulu, cishe zimnyama, zibhobozwe yimithambo emnyama |
| UFredclarkeara ngemuva kobumnyama | Ama-inflorescence awumbala onsomi, onsomi omnyama, acishe abe mnyama ngombala. Izimbali zifana nama-tulips asesimweni. Khipha iphunga elimnandi |
| ICymbidium Kiwi phakathi nobusuku | Izimbali zikhulu impela i-tint yewayini ebandayo ifakwe ngaphakathi okumhlophe kanye ne-lilac phakathi nendawo |
Ubuhle obumnyama bungaba nesihlahla esisodwa esinephuzu elilodwa lokukhula noma kusuka emahlathini amaningana namaphuzu okukhula amaningana. Amaqabunga angaba banzi noma abe mancane, aqine emzimbeni noma abe mncane.
Izimpande ze-Orchid ziqukethe ama-anyanisi anjenge-anyanisi. Ngenxa yalokhu kufana, izimbali zathola igama lazo, ngoba elihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelesiGrikhi "orchis" lisho "testicle"
Ngazo zonke izinhlobo zama-orchid amnyama, izimbali zawo zinesakhiwo esifanayo. Izimbali ziyalingana, nge-perianth evumayo enezinhlamvu eziyisithupha. Amaphayini we-Perianth akha imibuthano emibili yezinhlobo ezintathu ezifuywayo munye ngamunye.
Kukhona izitshalo ezinama-stamens amabili kanye ne-perianth petal ejwayelekile esesicathulweni, kanye nezitshalo ezinomfutho owodwa kanye ne-petal ejwayelekile esesimweni sezindebe (imvamisa ene-spur).
Ungayinakekela kanjani imbali
Ama-orchid amnyama kubhekwe izitshalo Moody, okungakhula kuphela umlimi onesipiliyoni. Ake sibheke ukuthi kunjalo.
Ingcweti yezimbali enolwazi kuphela ezokwazi ukubhekana nakho konke ukungena kwe-orchid emnyamaIzici Zokunakekelwa Kwesizini
Isimilo kanye ukuqina kokunakekela ama-orchid amnyama kuncike esikhathini sonyaka. Isikhathi esisha sokukhula kwemifino kulezi izitshalo siqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ongakwazi ukufakela khona izitshalo eziminyene ezimbizeni zazo. Engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi, lapho kuqala isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, zingasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezishisayo ezinelanga, izimbali ezintekenteke kufanele vikela elangeni eliqondile. Ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo, izimbali zidinga ukuniselwa njalo futhi zifafazwe, futhi lapho amahora okukhanya kwemini ephela, kufanele "akhanyiswe" kusetshenziswa amalambu we-fluorescent.
Ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari, udinga ukunisela futhi ukondle i-orchid ngaphansi kwesizini efudumele.
Ukunisela
Umbuso wokunisela i-orchid emnyama kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kaningi izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto, ebusika - asikho ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngesonto. Lezi zimbali ezimangalisayo zivumela ukomiswa kwenhlabathi kahle, kepha ungathandi ukuthambisa ngokweqile.
Landela isheduli yokunisela ye-orchid yakhoAma-orchid akhetha amanzi athambile, aneemvula noma ancibilike. Kuvunyelwe ukunisela lezi zimbali ngamanzi abilisiwe. Esikhathini sokushisa ngemuva kokuqhakaza, imvamisa yokunisela kufanele incishiswe.
Qapha ngokucophelela ukubukeka kwe-orchid. Uma amaqabunga nama-pseudobulbs wesitshalo ancibilikile - akanawo umswakama owanele. Uma amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi futhi izimpande zibola, lesi sitshalo sihlupheka ngokugcotshwa kwamanzi
Ungakwazi ukunisela ngezindlela ezimbili:
- beka imbali yezimbali nesitshalo imizuzu engu-10-15 esitsheni esinamanzi afudumele;
- moisten umhlabathi ngamanzi okugeza.
Ngemuva kokunisela, imbiza kufanele ibekwe kwi-grill ekhethekile kuze kube yilapho umswakama owengeziwe ukhipha izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.
Ukushisa nokukhanyisa
Ama-orchid amnyama athanda imfudumalo. Ekamelweni lapho lezi zitshalo zikhula khona, izinga lokushisa lomoya phakathi nosuku kufanele ifudumele kuze kube ngu-18-28mayelanaC. Ebusuku, ukwehla okushisa okufika ku-12-20 ° C kuvunyelwe.
Ukwenza imbali ikhululeke, kuyadingeka faka iwindi elinezinto ezingasebenzi kahle. Leli phephandaba litheleke engilazini noma kwifilimu ekhethekile evikela ilanga izosiza ekusakazeni ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo.
Isikhathi sokukhanya se-orchid esimnyama okungenani amahora ayi-12. Ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho ukukhanya kwemini kuncishisiwe, isitshalo kumele sikhanyiswe ngokwengeziwe kusetshenziswa izibani ze-fluorescent.
Umswakama
Ama-orchid amnyama akhula kahle futhi akhula emakamelweni anomswakama womoya ongu-30-40%. Emakamelweni anomoya omningi, i-turgor yamaqabunga iyanyamalala ezitshalweni, izimbali ziyawa. Ukusindisa imbali kusuka ekomeni, idinga ukufakwa kugqoko ngamanzi.
Emakamelweni amanzi bazizwa bengathandeki, izimpande zazo zibola, amabala avela emaqabungeni. Umoya ojwayelekile kanye nomoya omncane wegumbi ungaxazulula inkinga.
Umanyolo
I-orchid ingafakwa kumanyolo okhethekile owenzelwe lolu hlobo lwesitshalo. Umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okuthe xaxa, hhayi ngaphezu kwesonto ngalinye kumaviki ayi-2-3.
Kungakuhle futhi ukufaka umanyolo enhlabathini kuye ngesizini.Ngenkathi epholile nezinyanga ezishisayo zasehlobo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kumiswe, noma kuncishiswe kube kanye ngenyanga. Entwasahlobo, lapho i-metabolism yezitshalo ishesha, imvamisa yokugqoka ephezulu ingandiswa.
Ukusakazeka nokudluliselwa kwama-orchid amnyama
Izindlela zokuzala
Kukhona izindlela ezine eziyinhloko zokuzalela yalolu hlobo. Izici zalezi zindlela zivezwa ethebula elilandelayo.
Izindlela zokusakazwa kwama-orchid amnyama:
| Izindlela zokuzala | Incazelo yezindlela |
| Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Bush | I-rhizome yesitshalo esidala inqunywa izingxenye eziningi, ama-pseudobulbs amathathu noma ngaphezulu kulelo nalelo. Izitshalo zitshalwa ezimbizeni ezahlukene. |
| Ukuzala ukusika | Ifanele izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha. Leli hlumela lisikwa libe-½ ukuphakama futhi litshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile |
| Ukuzala izingane | Amanye ama-orchid anikeza amahlumela asebusweni. Uma ufafaza "izingane", khona-ke zinezimpande. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, zingagawulwa futhi zitshaleke ebhodweni elihlukile. |
| Ukuzala imbewu | Indlela ende kakhulu futhi enzima kakhulu edinga izimo ezingenalusizo kanye nomanyolo okhethekile. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi abafuyi. |
Lapho ama-orchid amnyama asakazeka ngokwehlukana, ukusika noma izingane, umphumela izigaba kumele zenziwe inhlanzeko amalahle ochotshoziwe noma i-carbon esebenze.
Ukukhetha kwebhodwe
Lapho ukhetha ebhodweni i-orchid emnyama, naka iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezisobala, ngokusebenzisa izindonga lapho ungabheka khona isimo sesistimu yezimpande kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi.
Imbiza enhle ye-orchid kufanele ivume ukukhanya. Esithombeni - imbiza engafanele.Yenza esitsheni sepulasitiki izimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane we-substrate bese uyibeka ebhodweni elihle noma ebhodweni le-wicker.
I-Orchid ingatshalwa ebhodweni lobumba. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhodwe akhanyayo angashiswa kancane elangeni. Lapho ufakelwa, ububanzi bepakethe entsha yezimbali kufanele bube ngama-1-2 cm ubukhulu kunobubanzi bebhodwe elidlule.
Ukulungiselela okungaphansi
Ama-orchid angajwayelekile kukho konke. Lokhu kuyabonakala, phakathi kokunye, naku-substrate, okufanele ibe nezakhi ezilandelayo:
- amagxolo kaphayini;
- isihlabathi esihlanganayo;
- sphagnum moss;
- Peat;
- i-vermiculite.
Kusuka kumaphayini ofile ukuqoqa amagxolo, ugaye, ubilise futhi womile. E-moss-sphagnum, kuphela ingxenye engenhla (eluhlaza) inqunywa, ithululelwe ngokuphelele phezu kwayo ngamanzi abilayo futhi inqunywe ngesikele.
Lapho ulungiselela umugqa ongaphansi ngokwakho, qaphela isilinganisoIzakhi ezifakwe kuhlu zihlanganiswa ne-peat, vermiculite nesihlabathi esiqhekekile. Njengenketho, ungangeza ubumba olunwebekile oluncane, igwebu le-polystyrene namalahle. Zonke izinto zihlanganiswa kahle futhi zithambe ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-orchid
I-orchid emnyama, njenganoma iyiphi enye imbali, ukufakelwa kuyinto enamandla yokucindezela. Ngakho-ke, yilezo zitshalo kuphela lapho izimpande zidlula khona imbiza ezidinga ukuthungwa. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula okusha, ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sesigeleze saphumula kancane.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokufakelwa, izingcezu ezimbalwa zikaphayini obukhulu obuphakathi zifakwa ebhodweni. Ngemuva kwalokho kuthunyelwa i-substrate encane enomswakama bese isitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela kusuka ebhodweni elidala kanye nesigaxa sobumba. Ama-voids agcwele i-substrate entsha. Faka kancane inhlabathi bese ubeka imbali endaweni enomthunzi izinsuku eziningana.
Lapho ukufakelwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande ze-orchid emnyama. Uma lokhu kusenzakala, kufanele ufafaze izindawo ezonakele nge-carbon esebenze kahle noma isinamoni yomhlabathi.
Izifo ze-Orchid
Ama-orchid amnyama, njengezinye izitshalo, ukuthambekele ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Futhi lezi zifo, ngeshwa, ziningi. Ukuchazwa kafushane kwezifo kuvezwe ethebula elilandelayo.
Izifo eziphambili zama-orchid amnyama nezindlela zokubhekana nazo
| Lesi sifo | Izimpawu | Izindlela zomzabalazo |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Amaqabunga ajika abe nsundu, izimpande zibolile futhi zithambe | Kathathu ngezinsuku ezingama-30-45, phatha izimpande kanye nomhlaba ngesixazululo seFundazole (0.2%) noma iTopsin (0.2%) |
| I-Fusarium bola | Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, aqhekeke, kubonakale amabala phezu kwawo, ubumba olubomvana | Izinsuku eziyi-10, kathathu ngosuku, gcobhoza imbiza yezimbali kwikhambi le "Fundazole" (0.2%). Isikhashana, wenqaba ukufafaza |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Kuvela iziqhingi ezimpunga ezine-fluffy eziqhakaza emaqabungeni, bese kuba semhlabathini, bese kuvela izihlahla ezinsundu ezimbali | Susa izindawo ezilimelefafaza isitshalo ngama-fungicides |
| Ukubuka kweqabunga | Amabala amnyama amnyama kumaqabunga angenamandla | Susa wonke amaqabunga athintekile. Fafaza imbali ngokulungiswa kwesikhunta. Musa ukuchelela izinsuku ezingama-4-5 |
| Anthracnose | Amabala amancane ansundu ayindilinga kumaqabunga kanye nama-pseudobulbs. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuvela umucu ophuzi noma opinki | Sika futhi ushise izindawo ezithintekile. Khipha amagciwane ezingxenyeni zamalahle noma umlotha ocushiwe. Kathathu ngenyanga, phatha imbali ngokulungiselela okuqukethe ithusi. Yehlisa ukuthambisa |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Amaqabunga nezimbali zimbozwe ukumbozwa okumhlophe. Izindawo ezilimele zomile, lesi sitshalo siyafa | Isixazululo sesibabule se-colloidal, amalungiselelo weSkor noma iTopsin-M azosiza |
| Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane | Izimpawu ngesimo samabala, imicibisholo nemibuthano iyavela kumaqabunga nezimbali. | Hlukanisa isitshalo okwesikhashana. Uma ukutholwa kuqinisekisiwe, kubulale, ngoba izifo ezingamagciwane azikwazi ukwelashwa. |
Ukubhekana ngempumelelo nezifo zama-orchid amnyama, udinga ukwazi izimpawu zawo futhi uqaphe ukuthuthukiswa kwezintandokazi zawo. Ngokushesha lapho lesi sifo sitholakala, maningi amathuba okuba imbali ibhekane naso.
Okufanele ukwenze lapho i-orchid ingaqhakaza
Bakunikeze i-orchid emnyama enhle, kodwa yena onobuqili futhi akafuni ukuqhakaza? Mhlawumbe isitshalo sisemncane kakhulu noma akathandi izinto ezisizungezile. Noma kunjalo, qala izinto kuqala.
- Isikhathi sokuguqulwa. Ama-orchid amnyama avumelana nesikhathi eside ezimeni ezintsha zokuphila. Yiba nesineke. Mhlawumbe lapho lesi sitshalo sivumelana, sizoqhuma futhi.
- Ubusha besitshalo. Lezi zitshalo ziqala ukuqhakaza zineminyaka engu-1.5-2,5. Linda kuze kube yilapho isitshalo "sivuthwa", futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele kuyokujabulisa ngezimbali zayo zikanokusho.
Ama-orchid amancane angaba isithiyo sezimbali- Amahora wemini amafushane. Uma amahora emini engaphansi kwamahora ayi-12, i-orchid ayinasikhathi esanele sokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu bese yakhe ama-ovaries. Zama ukukhanyisa imbali ngesibani se-fluorescent ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
- Okubalulekile umehluko phakathi kokushisa kwasemini nobusuku. Umehluko phakathi kokushisa kobusuku nemini akufanele udlule ku-5-7 ° C. Thatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa umbuso wokushisa.
Ukunisela ngokweqile. I-Orchid ayikubekezeleli ukugcotshwa kwamanzi ngokunisela ngokweqile kungenqaba ukuqhakaza. Ukubhekana nenkinga, lungisa imodi yokunisela, yehlisa imvamisa yayo.
- Vala imbiza. Uma isitshalo siminyene ebhodweni, singayeka ukuqhakaza. Dlulisela i-orchid ebhodweni elikhudlwana, uvuselele inhlabathi.
- Ukungahambisani nemibandela yokuboshwa. Bheka izimo lapho imbali ikhula khona. Mhlawumbe kubanda kakhulu, kunelanga futhi kusalungiswa? Lungiselela izimo zakho zokuphila, noma uhambise imbiza yezimbali endaweni entsha, efanelekile.
Ukulandela zonke izincomo kuzosiza ukuthola i-orchid emnyama eqhakaza ekhaya.Uma uphumelela, i-orchid emnyama izokuqhakaza kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-8 ngonyaka. Isikhathi sezimbali esinembe ngokwengeziwe sincike ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali kanye nenani lezimbali eziqhakazayo esiqwini salo.
Funda ukuzitholela ngobuhle ubuhle bakho obumnyama, futhi ngokuqinisekile uzokubuyisela ngezimbali ezinhle, ezinephunga elimnandi nenkathi ende yezimbali.
