"Kukhona utshani obumnyama ngokugcwele, bukhula emahlathini, eduzane nasezigodini, ezindaweni ezimanzi emahlathini, isiqu sikhula sibe ngama-arshins nangaphezulu, futhi kunamaqabunga amancane esiqwini namashidi amakhulu avela ngaphansi. Futhi kuqhakaza ngosuku olwandulela usuku luka-Ivan, phakathi kwamabili ... "
Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane eziyishumi zama-ferns. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyabashaya. Lawa ngamakhambi, nezihlahla, kanye nezikhwanyana. Isikhathi eside abantu baxhumene nama-ferns izinganekwane eziningi. Lezi zitshalo ezingakaze ziqhakaze kakhulu zazibonakala ziyimfihlakalo. Ama-Botanists wekhulu le-XVIII ababiza ngokuthi "imfihlo".
Ama-Ferns azalaniswa yizinhlamvu. Kepha inganekwane mayelana nokuqhakaza imilingo isekhona futhi manje, ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, abanye abantu baphonsa iziphonso ngobusuku ngase-Ivan Kupala futhi bazulazula emahlathini ngethemba lokuthola ingcebo ... Uma ngobusuku bemilingo kuyesabeka ukungena ehlathini, tshala i-fern endaweni yakini, ngokuzumayo, kepha kuqhume, ingcebo ivuleke.
I-Common Ostrich (i-Ostrich fern)Kodwa hhayi kuphela izimbali ezidumile ama-ferns athakazelayo. I-cirrus yabo, i-Palmate noma amaqabunga e-whole-vayi enobukhulu obuhlukile, umbala futhi ngokutshala kweqembu okuphumelelayo kungenza ukubunjwa okuhle.
Nansi i-fern emangalisayo yase-East Asia - i-osmunda yaseJapan. Le yi-fern enkulu. Izinhlobo zaso zakudala zinohlobo oluthile lwesiqu, futhi ubukhulu bamaqabunga bungafinyelela amamitha amabili! Ngokumangazayo, eCentral Russia, le fern ethanda ukushisa ayihlushwa isithwathwa, kepha isomiso. Ukutshala, udinga ukukhetha izindawo ezinomswakama ezinomhlabathi ocebile.
I-Osmunda Japanese (iJapan yasebukhosini fern)Ngokwesiko le-osmund, amaJapan ayivelakancane. Vegetatively ayiveli - kuphela nge ezinhlamvu.
EMpumalanga Ekude, kukhula enye i-osmund, ebizwa ngokuthi i-osmundastrum yase-Asia. Isitshalo kwesinye isikhathi asidluli emamitha amade, futhi asinandaba kakhulu nenhlabathi enomswakama futhi enothile futhi, maye, futhi asisakazeki ngokuhlukanisa. Kusuka amahlumela akhe amancane ukuthi amaKorea alungisa isoso lawo esidumile.
Kepha izintshe ezitholakala kuyo yonke iNyakatho Nenkabuko kusiko zingakhula kule nhlabathi elula, ngisho nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Uhlobene ne-osmund zombili ngokuba khona kwe-generative wai, esetshenziswa ngokwesiko emabhokisini omile, nangobukhulu bawo obuqinile. Amacembe ama-specimens amadala kwesinye isikhathi afinyelela amamitha owodwa nesigamu. Izintshe zisatshalaliswa ngamahlumela angaphansi komhlaba, yingakho kungafanele zitshaleke eduze kwama-alpine slides. Isibonelo, sekuyiminyaka eyishumi ngingaphumeleli ukulwa nale fern esivandeni sami samadwala ... Isibonelo, inyosi ikhula kahle futhi ibukeka kwenye indawo ngaphansi kwesihlahla sezihlahla ezitshalwe yiqembu.
I-Far Eastern Stop Adiantum (Northern Maidenhair Fern)I-Amur yegilo ayifani esikweni. Isitshalo siphakeme ngo-20 cm, asikubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kanye nenhlabathi esindayo eyomile. Impilo yakhe, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakheka kwesiqalo. Engxenyeni yenaliti ye-peat nephayini, le fern yehlathi iyakwazi ukukhula ibe ngama-clumps amakhulu aminyene.
Kukhona ama-ferns, yize enamahlumela angaphansi komhlaba, kepha akhula kancane, ngokwesibonelo, i-Far Eastern Stopantum adiantum. Kunjengokungathi kuhloselwe izingoma ezinomthunzi wokuhlobisa. Mhlawumbe lena kuphela kwezihlokwana ezingakhula emhlabathini ovulekile weRussia maphakathi. Isihlahla esiminyene esinamaqabunga esundu — i-cirrus amaqabunga-waiy kuvame ukwenzeka ngamasentimitha angama-25 ukuya kwangu-40. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela kakhulu umthunzi, kepha sifuna ngenhlabathi yomswakama.
I-thyroid (i-Wood ferns)Eduze kwe-adiantum, ipheshana le-scolopendra laseYurophu libukeka lilihle, ekuqaleni ubheka ngokuphelele ngokungafani ne-fern. I-vayi yayo engaqediwe ngokuphelele ihlanganiswe ibe yisokisi kuze kube ngamasentimitha angama-30. Maye, ipheshana lisakazwa kuphela yizinhlamvu.
Manje ngento ebaluleke kunazo zonke - mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwama-ferns ngama-spores. Kubukeka nje kuyinkimbinkimbi: iqabunga le-fern lisikekile nge-sporangia eqala ukuvula futhi isongwe ngephepha le-wax isonto lonke. Ama-spores alala ngokwanele, futhi adinga ukuhlwanyelwa lapho! Lungiselela i-substrate - Peat ngesihlabathi njengoba kufanele (ngokwesibonelo, ngesihlungo ngaphezulu kwamanzi abilayo athululelwa epanini), uthele esitsheni sengilazi esiyinyumba (kahle endishini kaPetri) bese umboza ngesembozo esivele obala. Ama-spores atshalwa ebusweni be-substrate epholile. Beka izitsha endaweni enomthunzi, efudumele. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli i-substrate ukuba yomile, kepha ungayigcwalisi. I-Spores imila futhi ibe amapheshana, amasentimitha angu-0,2,5,5 cm. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela (ngamafeni ahlukile ngokuhlukile), ngemuva kokuba amaseli wesilisa akumahlumela ahlangana nalawo asikazi, ama-fern wangempela aqala ukuqandeka kusuka emaqabungeni aluhlaza.
Iphepha le-Skolopendrovy (Ulimi lukaHart's Fern)Zidinga ukuhlolisiswa ngesikhathi bese zijwayela kancane kancane ukufudumala kwegumbi. Ngemuva konyaka kuphela zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ...
Futhi uma awunaso isikhathi nesifiso sokusakaza ama-ferns nge-spores, linda ubusuku be-Ivan. Kungazelelwe inhlanhla - uzothola imbali yefern!
Kuthunyelwe ngu
- UM. Dievumqoqi.
