AmaChampignons namuhla asephenduke uhlobo lwekhowe olutholakala ngokukhula ekhaya. Isikhathi esiphakathi kokutshala i-mycelium engxenyeni engaphansi nokuthola izithelo zokuqala sincane. Kwama-champion akhulayo, azikho izimo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo. Kwanele ukuhlinzeka igumbi elipholile nomswakama ophezulu. Isisekelo noma isela elingaphansi komhlaba kufanelekile impela.
Ama-Champignons angatshalwa kokubili ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu nokuthengiswa. Kepha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isakhi esingaphansi komhlaba sifaka iphunga elinamandla lokukhula kwawo okumanzi. Ukuyigcina egumbini lokuphumula akukusizi.
Amakhowe akhula kuphi futhi kuphi?
Isigaba sokuqala nesibalulekile sokutshala ngempumelelo kwamakhowe ukulungiswa okufanele kwesigcawu. Kufanele iphekwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu ukuhambisana nazo zonke izigaba.
Isigatshana se-champignon siqukethe:
- Umquba ongu-25% (ukolweni notshani we-rye)
- 75% umquba wamahhashi
Kunokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhula kwama-champignon asuselwa kumanyolo wenkukhu noma ubulongwe benkomo, kepha akufanele ulindele ukuthola okuphezulu kuleli cala.
Isendlalelo sangaphansi silungiselelwe endaweni evulekile emgwaqweni noma egumbini elinomoya omuhle, ngoba lapho sekukhululwa i-ammonia, isikhutha kanye nomswakama. Izithasiselo ezingeziwe nge-100 kg ye-substrate yilezi:
- 2 kg we-urea
- 2 kg superphosphate
- 5 kg wetshalo
- 8 kg wegypsum
Ngenxa yalokhu, sithola cishe ama-300 kg we-substrate eqediwe. Isisindo esinjalo singagcwalisa i-mycelium ngendawo yamamitha-skwele amathathu. m
Uma kunqunywa ukuthi kwenziwe umquba ngokusetshenziselwa umquba wezinkukhu, khona-ke lokhu okulandelayo kuzoba ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- I-100 kg yotshani
- 100 kg kadoti
- 300 l wamanzi
- IGypsum
- I-Alabaster
Ukulungiswa kwesigatshana esingezansi kungokulandelayo.
- Straw ifakwe esitsheni esikhulu, esikhululekile.
- Straw ibekwe ngokushintshana ngezendlalelo zomquba. Kufanele kube nezingqimba ezi-3 zotshani kanye nezendlalelo ezi-3 zomquba.
- Udzu kwinqubo yokufaka izingqimba lumanziswa ngamanzi. Izendlalelo ezintathu zotshani (100 kg) zizothatha amalitha angama-300.
- Ngesikhathi sokulala, i-urea (2 kg) ne-superphosphate (0.5 kg) zifakwa kancane kancane ezingxenyeni ezincane.
- Hlanganisa kahle.
- Insalela ye-chalk ne-superphosphate, i-gypsum iyangezwa.
Isilinganisi esingaphansi esisele sishiyelwa ekuqhubeni inqubo yokunuka kuyo. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa elingxubevange lizikhuphukela kuma-70 degrees. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-21, umquba uzobe usulungele ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo.
Ukutshala impahla
Lapho uthenga izinto zokutshala, akufanele ugcine. Ngakho-ke, bathola i-mycelium (mycelium) yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu. Kufanele ikhule ezimweni ezikhethekile zaselebhu. Abalimi bekhowe namuhla banikeza izinhlobo ezimbili zokutshala:
- Umquba we-Mycelium
- I-Cereal mycelium
I-Cereal mycelium ikhiqizwa ezikhwameni zepulasitiki. Yigcine cishe izinyanga ezi-6 emazingeni okushisa angama-0 kuye kwayi-4. I-mycelium yokusanhlamvu isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso se-0.4 kg nge-100 kg ye-substrate (indawo ye-mycelium 1 sq. M).
I-compost mycelium ithengiswa ezitsheni zengilazi. Impilo yayo yeshalofu incike ekushiseni. Ngama-zero degrees, ungaqhubeka isikhathi esingangonyaka, kepha uma izinga lokushisa selisezingeni lama-20 degrees, khona-ke i-mycelium kumele isetshenziswe amaviki ama-3. I-compost mycelium isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso sama-0,5 kg ku-1 sq. M we-substrate. Ukukhiqiza kwalo liphansi kakhulu kunokusanhlamvu.
Isendlalelo esilungiselelwe kahle ngokuqinisekile sizophuma lapho sicindezelwa. Ngaphambi kokubeka i-mycelium kuyo, kufanele kudlule inqubo yoku-pasteurization (ukwelashwa okushisa). Ngemuva kokushisa, i-substrate ibanda ibe ngama-25 degrees. Cishe amakhilogremu angu-100 we-substrate abekwe ebhokisini lekhowa elingamamitha-skwele anengqimba engaba ngu-30 cm.
Ukutshala kweMycelium nokunakekelwa kwe-mycelium
Thatha ucezu lwe-mycelium olilingana neqanda lezinkukhu ulicwilise engxenyeni engaphansi kuka-5 cm. Ingxenye ngayinye ye-mycelium ibekwa kude ne-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Okokufika sebenzisa ilungiselelo lokuhlola ibhodi.
Enye indlela ifaka ukusatshalaliswa komfaniswano (i-powder) le-mycelium kuyo yonke indawo engaphansi komhlaba. Kuyadingeka futhi ukujula okungadluli ku-5 cm.
Izenzo ezengeziwe ukuhlinzeka ngemibandela edingekayo yokusinda nokukhula kwe-mycelium. Umswakama kufanele ugcinwe cishe ku-90%. I-substrate kumele futhi ibe sesimweni esimanzi esihlala simanzi. Ukuyivimbela ukuthi isomile, i-mycelium ingambozwa ngamashidi ephepha. Ukunisela i-substrate kwenziwa ngephepha. Isimo esibalulekile ekusindeni kwe-mycelium izinga lokushisa elingaphansi eligcinwe njalo emazingeni angama-22 kuye kwangama-27 degrees. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kokushisa kusuka kokujwayelekile kufanele kulawulwe ngokushesha.
Isikhathi sokuhluma seMycelium cishe izinsuku ezingama-7 kuye kwezingu-14. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, i-substrate idinga ukufafaza ngengqimba yenhlabathi engaba ngu-3 cm. Ilungiselelwe ngokuzimela engxenyeni eyodwa yesihlabathi kanye nezingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye zepeat. Cishe i-50 kg yenhlabathi enezibalo izoshiya ngemitha yesikwele ngalinye le-mycelium.
Ungqimba lwe-coating lugcinwa kwi-substrate izinsuku ezintathu, khona-ke izinga lokushisa lomoya esitezi esingaphansi komhlaba noma egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba liyancishiswa libe ngamadigri ayi-15-17. Inhlabathi yekhava inwetshwe ngesibhamu sokufafaza, futhi igumbi lihlala linomoya. Okusunguliwe akuvunyelwe.
Ukuvuna
Inqubo yama-champignons azikhulisayo eselangeni noma engaphansi akuyona into eyinkimbinkimbi futhi edla isikhathi. Isikhathi kusuka kokutshala kuya ekuvuneni isivuno sokuqala yizinsuku ezingama-120. Ngokudla, lawo makhowe kuphela afanele lapho amapuleti ngaphansi kwesigqoko angakabonakali. Lawo makhowe amakhulu ngobukhulu ayathengiswa, futhi amapulasitiki anombala onsundu amnyama awenqatshelwe ukuwusebenzisa njengokudla. Zingadala ubuthi.
I-mushroom akufanele inqunywe, kepha idatshulwe ngokucophelela ngesinyathelo esiphendukezelayo. Ukudangala okubangelwa kufafazwa nge-substrate enamathela futhi kuthambile.
I-mycelium izothela izithelo cishe amaviki ama-2. Inani lezilimo ezivunwa ngalesi sikhathi zilingana no 7. Ukusuka esigcawini esisodwa sendawo, kuze kuvunwe kufika kuma-14 kg ezitshalo.
Ama-champion akhulayo ezikhwameni
Ngama-champion akhulayo ngamavolumu amakhulu athengiswa ngamaketanga wokuthengisa ngisebenzisa izikhwama ze-polymer. Le ndlela ithole ukuqashelwa emazweni amaningi. Ngalo, bathola isivuno esikhulu.
- Ukuze kwenziwe isikhwama faka ifilimu le-polymer. Umthamo wesikhwama ngasinye usuka ku-25 uye ku-35 kg.
- Izikhwama kufanele zibe zevolumu kangangokuba kwakulungele ukusebenza nazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlelwa okulungile kwezikhwama kuthinta inani lamakhowe asekhulile. Imvamisa ziyamiswa noma ifane.
- Ngakho-ke lapho ufaka izikhwama ezinobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-0,4 ohlelweni lokuhlola ibhodi, kuzobe kungalahleka i-10% yendawo efinyelelekayo, ngenkathi ukufakwa kwayo okungqubuzanayo kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni ngu-20%.
- Ukuphakama nobubanzi bezikhwama kungahluka. Sidinga ukuqhubeka ngezimo zabo futhi basebenzise kalula, kanye namakhono angokomzimba wesisekelo (esisele).
Indlela yokukhulisa amakhowe ezikhwameni ayibizi kangako, ngoba ayidingi amashalofu afakwe ngokukhethekile noma iziqukathi ukuze zibeke. Uma kuba nesidingo sokusebenzisa indawo yegumbi ngempumelelo ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, uhlelo olunezakhi eziningi lwenzelwe indawo yezikhwama. Usizo lwale ndlela lukhona futhi ekujuleni kokulwa nezifo noma izinambuzane ezivelayo. Isikhwama esinegciwane singasuswa kalula komakhelwane abanempilo futhi sibhujiswe, ngenkathi ukutheleleka kwe-mycelium kuzodingeka kususe yonke indawo yayo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukukhula amakhowe kuyinqubo ethatha isikhathi. Uma amakhowe etshalwa ngokuthengisa, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini yezolimo ukwenza lula umsebenzi wezisebenzi.
Abakhethi bezikhowa abanolwazi bangabhala inani elikhulu lezindlela abazivivinya kuma-champignons azikhulisayo esilinganisweni esingaphansi komhlaba (cellar). Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo nokubi kuyo. Into esemqoka ukunamathela kubuchwepheshe obukhulayo, ukubambelela ngokuqinile kuyo yonke imiyalo nezidingo. Umphumela ukuphumelela komphumela oyifunayo futhi uthole isivuno esicebile samakhowe.
