Ungayishaya kanjani i-scab esihlahleni sama-apula?

Enye yezifo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zama-apula uqweqwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ibala lizovela engadini yakho, noma ngabe kukhula isihlahla esisodwa sama-apula lapho. Isigaxa somuthi we-apula asithathwa njengesifo esibulalayo, asibhubhisi ngqo isihlahla, kepha singasithinta ngokungaqondile - sinciphisa ukungatheleleki, sinciphise ubulukhuni bebusika futhi simelane nezinambuzane nezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibala liholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kwesethulo sezithelo, ngokuqinisekile ungazidla futhi uzicubungule nazo, kodwa ngeke zigcinwe, futhi akekho umuntu ozozithenga emakethe.

Scab esihlahleni sama-aphula avela ngengozi, kodwa ukuyisusa ngaso leso sikhathi ngeke kusebenze, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukukwenza. Masikhulume namhlanje ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesifo, mayelana nemithetho yokunqanda ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo, kanye nezindlela zokulwa nokhanda esihlahleni se-apula.

Yini ubala?

Empeleni wonke umuntu angakwazi ukubona ukuba khona kwesibanda ezihlahleni: amabala (emaqabungeni, izithelo) ezibonakala ziphuzi ngombala ophuzi, bese kamuva zimnyama futhi zivame ukuqhekeka, zibambe iso lakho masinyane.

I-ejenti yokubangela yesibanda ku-apula iyi-mushroom yohlobo lwe-marsupial, okungukuthi I-ventneia engafanele (Venturia inaequalis). Lokhu ukhunta kuvame ukuthinta amaqabunga amaqabunga, kanye nama-ovari futhi, nezithelo. Amakhowe azibonakalisa ngokwawo eminyakeni emsulwa nezinkathi zesizini, uma lina isikhathi eside, inkungu iyawa noma isimo sezulu simanzi isikhathi eside.

Imvamisa, isikhunta esiqhekekile singena emagxolweni nasesihlahleni somuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, sinamathela izithombo ngosizo lolwelwesi lwama-mucous bese ngokushesha siqala ukukhula, kwesinye isikhathi ngenkuthalo kakhulu.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezibonakalayo zokubonakala kwesikhunta zivame ukubonwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesihlahla sama-apula, esivame ukwenzeka ngenyanga kaMeyi. Imvamisa le nkathi iboniswa imvula eningi ihlangana nokushisa, okuvele “kusondele” ku-fungus.

Izinhlobo eziningi zesikhunta esinamanzi ngamanzi, umoya, izilwane kanye nabantu zisakazeka ngentshiseko futhi uma zingena emaphepheni amaqabunga, ziqala ngokushesha ukukhula, zingene ngaphakathi kwezicubu zamaqabunga ngokujulile. Umsebenzi obalulekile wesikhunta uholela ekubukekeni kwamabala ezinhlamvwini zamaqabunga ekuqaleni, bese - - nje, izimbobo eziyindilinga.

Ehlobo, uqwebu lukhula ngokwengeziwe ngenkuthalo, oluhlinzekwa ngamazolo asindayo nemvula ahlanganiswe nokushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu. Isigaxa sikhula kakhulu ekushiseni kwama-+22 kuya kuma-+25 degrees. Kuthuthuka phakathi nenkathi, eduze kokuwa, isibungu senza izinhlayiya zesikhunta, zimane zibusika kahle enhlabathini futhi zinikeze amahlumela, "zicashe" udoti weqabunga. Umsebenzi obalulekile we ukhunta uphazamisa izinqubo ze-photosynthesis, kodwa, njengomthetho, akubucayi, ngakho-ke, umuthi awufi, futhi isikhunta sisabalala.

Imvamisa yamaqabunga athintekile ngenxa yokuqunjelwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ngaphambi kosuku olwalubekiwe, kepha izithelo kungenzeka zingaboli nakancane, kepha isimo sazo siguqukela kokungajwayelekile, imibimbi nokuqhekeka kuqhamuke kuzo (endaweni yamabala), bese isisindo sezithelo sinciphe.

Isikhunta esibandayo ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo siyasebenza futhi umjikelezo wokukhula kwawo uphindaphindwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwesibanda esakhiweni bese usisusa ngosizo lokwelashwa kuphela ngeke kusebenze, yonke inkimbinkimbi yezinyathelo ezidingekayo ibalulekile lapha.

Umuthi we-apula, owawukhipha ngaphambilini amaqabunga aphuzi futhi omile, ngemuva kokwehlulwa kwesihlahla se-apula scabby.

Ukuvimbela uqweqwe

Imvamisa, izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela uqwebu akufanele ziqale entwasahlobo, kepha ekwindla, ukubekela eceleni ukusinda kwesigaba sokukhula kobusika fungus enhlabathini nokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesihlahla sama-apula, ukuhambisana nayo yonke imikhuba yezolimo nokuhlanzeka esizeni, njengasesimweni sokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, kubaluleke kakhulu, lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela ukuqala kwalesi sifo noma okungenani kunciphise ingozi yokuba khona kwaso.

I-Autumn prophylaxis yokuvela kwesibanda esihlahleni sama-apula, ngaphezu kwezindlela zokwelapha ezitshalweni, kufanele ihambisane nokususwa kwayo yonke yonke izinsalela zezitshalo kusuka kusayithi nomugqa wesiqu. Ngemuva kokubola kwabo kwemvelo, amaqabunga amaqabunga adinga ukuqoqwa futhi ashiswe ngaphandle kwesiza. Amahlumela kufanele futhi aqoqwe futhi ashiswe, futhi amahlumela omile naphukile nawo kufanele asikwe. Ungashiyi izithelo zilenga amahlumela, zonke futhi zingaphansi kokuqoqwa kanye nokubhujiswa, ngoba zingaba abathwali bokutheleleka.

Zama ukungashiyi amagxolo avele esikhonkolweni, kumele ihlanzwe ngokucophelela futhi ishiswe, futhi izindawo zokuhlubula kufanele ziphathwe nge-sulfate yethusi, kufakwe isipuni kwilitha lamanzi. Lapho kwenzeka ukuthi kube nokushisa okuqinile okungagxili, kufiseleka ukuba kucwebe iziqu zemithi nge lime (ngaphambi kwegatsha lokuqala).

Labo abatshala izihlahla zama-apula kuphela endaweni kufanele bakhunjuzwe ngokuhambisana nohlelo lokutshala lwalezitshalo. Akunakusho ukuthi lapho izitshalo zinwebekile, umoya kufanele uzungeleze ujikeleze engadini, uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke umswakama awuphumi ebusweni bezithelo, amahlumela namaqabunga amaqabunga bese kuhlala isikhunta kuwo.

Kungcono ukutshala izihlahla zama-apula ezisekelweni ezincane, ushiye amamitha amathathu phakathi kwezitshalo; ezitshalweni ezinde, ungashiya amamitha amane ngokuphepha. Ekuqaleni kuzoba sengathi ushiye isikhala esiningi, kepha eminyakeni eyishumi uzozibonga ngokuba ntofontofo engadini, uvune, unakekela izihlahla, futhi bazokubonga, ubanikeze isivuno esikhulu sama-apula.

Kuwe izithelo ezincane ze-apula ezithintwe yisibanda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imithamo efanele lapho usebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokufaka umanyolo, khumbula ukuthi ukuntuleka komanyolo kanye nokuningi ngokweqile kwazo akulethi izitshalo noma yini enhle futhi kuvame ukwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba.

Uma sikhuluma ngezindlela zokuvimbela ukwelashwa, lapho-ke ukusebenzisa kwabo kungenzeka impela ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo eminingana yezinto eziphilayo, yithi, "Agat-25K." Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, isisombululo esingu-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux singasetshenziswa njengesifutho sokuvimbela, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kungaphindwa ngisho nangemva kokuqhakaza.

By the way, uma isigaxa esivandeni sakho siveza unyaka nonyaka futhi sithinta isithelo esikhulu namaqabunga amaqabunga, ngakho-ke ungabi sevila futhi uhlaziye inhlabathi, mhlawumbe elabhorethi ekhethekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi isibazi sesidlangile ngoba inhlabathi yakho ine-pH ephansi, okuwukuthi, yi-acidity ephezulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi enhlabathini ene-acidity ephezulu, izitshalo zivame ukungabi nalutho ku-nitrogen, futhi ukungabi nalutho kunciphisa kakhulu ukungazweli.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi umanyolo weNitrogen kumele usetshenziswe minyaka yonke (entwasahlobo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye emva kweminyaka emihlanu, njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, i-90-100 g ye-lime ngemitha yesikwele ngalinye ingangezwa enhlabathini, futhi uma inhlabathi ine-acidic kakhulu, khona-ke kungahle kube nesidingo sokufaka umcako minyaka yonke ngethamo eliphindwe kabili.

Isinyathelo esihle sokuvimbela ukuthenga nokutshala izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo ezingenakugwaza ezingeni lokuphilayo, ngokwesibonelo, uPepin Saffron noJonathan. Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezisene-scab, kepha akuvamile ukuba kube yi-Anis ne-Antonovka, kepha izinhlobo ezingafani nazo lapho isigaxa sikhona njalo yiRenet Simirenko, Melba, Papirovka neCalville Snezhniy "

Ngakho-ke, ukuze uvikele isikhumba ukuba singabonakali ezihlahleni zakho, kudingeka: unakekele izitshalo ngendlela efanelekile, uqiniseke ukuthi uzithambisa, ufake umanyolo, kubandakanya i-potash ne-phosphorus, susa imfucumfucu yesitshalo endaweni futhi uqiniseke ukuluma endaweni yamagxolo, uhlanze amagxolo akhishwe, uhlanganise iziqu, uchithe imali izindlela zokuvimbela bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezilwa ne-scab (ungathola ukuthi lokhu e-nursery noma ufunde izincazelo zezinhlobo kuRejista Yezwe noma kuwebhusayithi yethu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhohlwa ngokuhlolwa okubukwayo kwezitshalo, okungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esikufanele, okungenani nsuku zonke, futhi uma lesi sifo siqala ukuzibonakalisa, khona-ke uqala ukwenza isenzo.

Ungaphatha kanjani uqwebu?

Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi yonke into ibonakala yenziwe ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi esifanele, futhi isibazi sisenamandla futhi siziveza ezitshalweni, khona-ke kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Amaningi athatha ngokushesha i-chemistry, aqale ukusebenzisa i-fungicides, okungukuthi, izidakamizwa zokulwa nokutheleleka ngefungal.

Sifuna ukunikeza izeluleko: ukuze ukwelashwa okunjalo kusebenze, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides kuphela avunyelwe esikhathini samanje, lapho udinga ukujwayelana khona nohlu lwemithi evunyelwe. Yebo, ukuze izindlela zokwelapha esizeni sakho zihlale zisebenza, kuyadingeka ukwenza izindlela zokwelapha nge-fungicides ezinezinto ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo, okungukuthi, zishintshe futhi zisebenzise izidakamizwa kuze kube yilapho isifo sesiqedwe ngokuphelele, kungashiyi nkomba yokutheleleka.

Lapho usebenza ngama-fungicides, kufanele uqaphele: gqoka imishini yokuvikela, ungafafaza i-fung fung esimweni sezulu esinomoya, eduze kwezidleke zamachibi, amachibi futhi ungasebenzisi amakhemikhali ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25 ngaphambi kokuvunwa.

Imvamisa, ukwelashwa kokuqala ngokumelene nesibanda ezihlahleni zama-apula kwenziwa eduze kokuphela kukaMashi, naseningizimu maphakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, njengomthetho, sekuvele kufudumele ngokuqinile, kepha izinso zingakakhuli futhi zingakaze eziqhakaze. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kungaba yizingqinamba futhi kuqedwe uma ibala lalimala ngesizini edlule.

Ngalezi zinhloso, ama-fungicides noma isixazululo esingahlelekile semvelo se-1% sulfate yethusi singasetshenziswa. Ukuze ulungiselele isixazululo salomthamo, udinga ukufaka i-100 g yale nto ebhakedeni lamanzi bese ucubungula okutshalekile, okuhlanganisa isisindo sonke esingenhla. Ngaphezu kwe-sulfate yethusi, isixazululo se-urea (isipuni ngelitha lamanzi) singasetshenziswa.

Ukwelashwa okulandelayo kwe-scab kungenziwa ekuqaleni kokuqunjelwa, amalungiselelo anjenge-Gamair (athengiswa ezibhebheni, asetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo), i-Chorus ne-Fitolavin (imvamisa lokhu kuwuketshezi kuma-ampoules) ml ngebhakede lamanzi), kanye neStrobi (amamililitha amabili ngebhakede lamanzi) kanye neSkor (ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo).

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngokumelene nesibazi ungasebenzisa isibabule se-colloidal, uketshezi lweBordeaux ne-sulfate yethusi ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Amacembe aphuzi ezihlahla ze-apula athintekile yisibanda.

Ukwelashwa kwesithathu kungenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali noma, uma kubambezelekile, khona-ke emva kokuvunwa, futhi uma ibala likhulu kakhulu, khona-ke kuzo zombili izimo. I-fungicides noma i-Bordeaux fluid okuxoxwe ngayo ngenhla nayo ingasetshenziswa ngalesi sikhathi.

Into esemqoka, njengoba sesishilo, ukuthi sibe nesikhathi sokuqedela ukucubungula izinsuku izinsuku ezingama-25 ngaphambi kokuqala kokuvunwa, futhi esimweni soketshezi iBordeaux - izinsuku eziyi-15. Kokwelashwa kwesithathu, uketshezi lweBordeaux lungalungiswa ngale ndlela elandelayo: hlanganisa amagremu ayi-100 e-sulphate yethusi kanye no-200 amagremu we lime hydrate ebhakedeni lamanzi, khona-ke uzothola isisombululo esingu-1% se-Bordeaux liquid. Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukulandelana kwalezi zenzo, ngokuqinisekile imibuzo izovuka, ngakho-ke sizokuchaza ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukulungiselela isixazululo esinjalo se-Bordeaux ewuketshezi, kufanele uqale ufake i-sulfate yethusi esitsheni, bese usigcwalisa ngamanzi (amalitha amahlanu) afudunyezwe ukufudumeza kwegumbi. Bese kuthi isikhathi esingangehora, udinga ukushiya ikhambi uwedwa ukuze wakhe ukufana. Ngemuva kwalokho kwesinye isitsha (!) Udinga ukuthululela i-lime futhi ngokucophelela kakhulu, okungcono ukushukumisa kancane, uthele ngamanzi (amalitha amahlanu).

Kuhlala ukuxuba izixazululo, ngenkathi kubalulekile ukuthulula i-vitriol ku-lime, kepha hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Kuyadingeka ukuthulula i-vitriol ukuze ifomu elincanyana elizwelayo, futhi kubalulekile ukuvusa ikhambi. Lapho konke sekumi ngomumo, kusala ukugcwalisa isifutho nge-ketshezi futhi ungaqala ukucubungula.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi zonke izixazululo kumele zenziwe ngamabhakede epulasitiki bese usebenzisa ikhambi ngosuku olufanayo, ngoba ngokuzayo izolahlekelwa iningi lezinto zayo ezilusizo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana noketshezi lweBordeaux ezintweni zethu: Uketshezi lweBordeaux engadini

Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa umsebenzi wesibazi, kuze kuphele ukunyamalala kwawo ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kosizo lokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali - ngokumane usebenzise umanyolo wamaminerali. Vele, ukwethula impande yenkinga kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ingaxazululwa, lapha udinga ukusebenzisa ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwempande ephezulu.

I-Urea ingasetjenziswa njengomanyolo wokulwa nebanga, kufanele ihlanjululwe ngenani lezipuni ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kanye ne-urea kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zesifo zitholakala, ukwelashwa kwesibili kufanele kwenziwe isonto ngemuva kokuqala. Ngaphezu kwe-urea, i-ammonium nitrate nayo ingasetshenziswa. Isenzo salawa manyolo wukubhubhisa isisekelo sokutheleleka futhi ngasikhathi sinye sikhuphule ukungatheleleki kwezitshalo ngokuzicebisa ngezakhamzimba.

Amakhambi esintu wokulwa nesibazi

Musa ukubhala ama-akhawunti namakhambi esintu ukubhekana nesibanda esihlahleni sama-apula. Mhlawumbe ngeke banikeze umphumela osheshayo njengamakhemikhali, kepha bazosiza ekuvikeleni imvelo futhi mina nawe.

Ugogo nomkhulu bethu basebenzise usawoti nokufakwa kwamahhashi ukulwa nokhakhayi, kepha-ke kwavela ukuthi usawoti ungaba “usawoti” omningi emhlabathini kanti nomonakalo osuka kuwo uzoba namandla kakhulu kunesibazi, kepha umthengisi wamahhashi ngokuphelele uyekile ukusiza, ngokusobala ukhunta wahlakulela uhlobo lokungazethembi kulo.

Ukubuyekezwa okuhle okuvela kubalimi kuza kuthandela i-mustard powder. Muhle kakhulu njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kanye nesilinganiso sokulawula. Ukwelashwa nge-mustard powder kungaqala ukusuka ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma izinsuku zokuqala zikaJuni. Kuvunyelwe ukwenza ukwelashwa kwesibili ngemuva kwenyanga noma ngokushesha nje lapho i-scab iziveza.

Ukulungiselela isixazululo esisebenzayo esuselwa ku-mustard powder, kufanele uthele izipuni ezine ze-lwesinaphi ne-slide kwilitha lamanzi bese uthelela lesi sixazululo ebhakedeni lamanzi. Njengokunamathisela, ingxenye yesigaxa sezingubo zokuhlanza ingafakwa ebhakedeni lesisombululo. Abalimi baqaphela ukuthi umphumela omkhulu kakhulu utholakala uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemuva kwemvula lapho amabala amaqabunga emanzi.

Umphumela omuhle omuhle ekulweni nebala utholakala ngosizo lwe-potassium permanganate. Izitshalo ziphathwa ngesixazululo esikhanyayo se-pink se-potanganum permanganate futhi ziphathwa entwasahlobo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amaqabunga amaqabunga evulekile. Ehlobo, ikhambi lenziwa liphuzi futhi liphathwe kakade kumahlamvu. Ukucutshungulwa kungenziwa kuze kube kathathu ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10-15.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulahle ibala, udinga ukusebenzisa amakhambi abantu, isikhunta, umanyolo noma amalungiselelo asuselwe kubhedu, futhi ukuze isikhunta singasasetshenziswa zona, kufanele ushintshe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha futhi usebenzise ama-fungicides ngezinto ezihlukile noma ezinye izindlela zokulawula.

Ama-apula athintekile yisibazi.

Isiphetho Kuyacaca ukuthi kuyadingeka futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kuliwe nesibazi, kepha kungcono uma ungasivumeli lesi sifo sokukhunta esizeni sakho nakancane. Sichaze izindlela ezingaphezu kwezanele zokuvimbela ukubonakala kwesibanda ezihlahleni zama-apula.

Uma unemibuzo, bese ubabuza kumazwana, sizophendula. Sizothokoza uma wabelana ngolwazi lwakho ekubhekaneni nesibazi ezindaweni zakho, kungaba kuhle uma ngabe lezi zinketho zezindlela ezithandwayo zomzabalazo.