IGuzmania (Guzmania) - uhlobo lwezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza ze-epiphytic nezisemhlabeni, ezomndeni wakwaBromeliaceae (Bromeliad). Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-130 ezikhula ngokwemvelo emahlathini ashisayo nasezintabeni eziseWest Indies, eBrazil, eVenezuela, eSouth Florida naseCentral America, futhi futhi zikhulele emafulethini, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kwe-guzmania ngeke kube ukunakekelwa okufanele. umsebenzi.
Uhlobo luqanjwe ngokuhlonipha uchwepheshe wezitshalo nezilwane u-Anastasio Guzman waseSpain, owaqala wachaza lezi zitshalo ngo-1802.
Imininingwane kawonkewonke ngembali ye-Guzmania
IGusmania izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa futhi ukuqhakaza kwazo iqondo lokushisa elingaba ngama-25 Celsius kuyadingeka. Abahlala emahlathini emvula bakhula njengama-epiphytes ezihlahleni futhi bangena emhlabathini.
Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani noma athambile anomphetho oqinile, akha irosette ebunjwe ngethambo, engafinyelela amasentimitha angama-50 ubude futhi ibe nobubanzi obufanayo. Maphakathi nerosette, kuvela amaqabunga aqhakaza ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, anombala okhanyayo futhi aqhamile kuwo wonke amanye amaqabunga.
Ezinye izinhlobo "ziphonsa" ama-inflorescence kuma-peduncle amade. Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kweGuzmania lapho zonke izincomo zazilandelwa khona kuphela lapho eneminyaka engama-2-3. Isikhathi sezimbali singadlula izinyanga ezintathu, kepha ngemuva kwalokhu, isitshalo somama siyafa.
Lesi yisici sabo bonke abamele ama-bromeliads, aqhakaza kube kanye nje lapho esaphila, ngemuva kwalokho anikeze amahlumela agqibe bese efa.
Izinhlobo zeGuzmania nezinhlobonhlobo
IGuzmania Zana noma Tsana (Guzmania zahnii) - isitshalo esinamaqabunga aqondile, ubude baso singafinyelela amasentimitha angama-70 nobubanzi bamasentimitha ayi-2,5 kuye kwayi-3. Umbala wamaqabunga ungabomvu ngokuhlaza okotshani noma obomvana ngokuhlaza okotshani ngenani elikhulu lemithambo ebomvu yobude obude. Amacembe esiqu abomvu ngombala.
Ubude be-inflorescence busuka ku-18 baye ku-25 amasentimitha. Amabhuleki nezimbali ziphuzi golide. Kukhona ukuhlukahluka kwalolu hlobo lwe-guzmania - i-mosagated, enemivimbo emide kumaqabunga amhlophe. Umhlaba wendabuko wezitshalo zalolu hlobo yiColombia.
UGuzmania Donnella Smith (Guzmania donnell-smithii) - isitshalo esinamaqabunga awo akha irosette elixegayo futhi anobude obungamasentimitha angama-60 nobubanzi bamasentimitha amathathu. Ukwakheka kweqabunga kukhulunywa ngezilimi, kukhombe phezulu. Amacembe aluhlaza anezikali ezinombala onsundu.
Isiqu sezimbali sesitshalo simile, simbozwe ngokuqinile ngamahlamvu athayiwe. I-inflorescence imfishane, iminyene, iphaneli yephiramidi ene-eksisi engenalutho. Kwi-inflorescence, amaqabunga aphansi agobile, abe nobubanzi obukhulu bomsuka onqenqemeni olubukhali nombala obomvu okhanyayo.
Ama-spikelets aphumelelayo angaminyene, aqukethe izimbali ezi-2-3 ezine-axis engu-1 cm ubude. Amabhulashi amafushane kakhulu kunamathuna, ifilimu emfushane, ebushelelezi, inesimo esiyindilinga nobude obungafika kumasentimitha ayi-10. Ukwahlukaniswa kubunjiwe ngendlela enobukhulu, bakha ithini elifushane. Izimbali zezimbali zisetshenzisiwe, ezinama-oval, ama-lobes afipoti. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Izwe lakule hlobo lwe-guzmania ihlathi lemvula laseCosta Rica nelasePanama.
Igazi leGuzmania libomvu (I-Guzmania sanguinea Mez) - ubuhle obushisayo obunamaqabunga abanzi, futhi inesihlahla esinompheme sibheke phansi kanye nomphetho oqinile owakha irosette ebunjwe ngumbethe. Amaqabunga anobude obungamasentimitha angama-30 futhi ngesikhathi sezimbali athole umbala obomvu okhanyayo. Lolu hlobo alunayo i-peduncle, futhi izimbali eziphuzi zikwazithobo ezimfushane ezihlanganisiwe, zihlangana kuma-inflorescence ezincezu eziyi-7-12.
Ama-peals wezimbali asikiwe futhi akha ishubhu ende, emincane. Amabhulokisi amakhulu kunamathuna. Isikhathi sezimbali singu-Ephreli nango-Agasti. Le guzmania endle ivamile emahlathini aseColombia, eCosta Rica, e-Ecuador. Inezinhlobonhlobo eziningana:
- i-burvipedicellata ibonakala ngesigqoko esifana nesigqoko
- i-sanguinea isizungeleze ama-broker ngesiphetho esikhanyayo, amacembe amhlophe noma aluhlaza okotshani;
- i-tricolor - kunemivimbo emhlophe emibala emide kumaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama.
I-Guzmania mosaic (Guzmania musaica) - izitshalo ezine-rosette ebhebhethekisayo, eziyindilinga ekugcineni okuqinile kwamaqabunga, ezinemivimbo eluhlaza okokuhlobisa endaweni yazo eluhlaza ekhanyayo. Ubude bamaqabunga bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-70, kanti ububanzi bungamasentimitha ayi-5-8. Isiqu sezimbali sesitshalo siqonde, sifushane kakhulu kunamaqabunga.
I-inflorescence yendlebe ethokomele ithwala izimbali ezi-12 kuya kweziyi-20 ezimhlophe, isisekelo sazo simbozwe ngemibala ebanzi, enesikhumba, i-obovate enemibala egqamile epinki. Amathuna angenamikhono, amathuna afushwe aphindwe kabili kunomabhuleki futhi abe nombala ophuzi. Lo mbono unikezwe yimvelo yaseColombia nePanama.
IGuzmania Nicaraguan (Guzmania Nicaraguensis) - isitshalo esino rosette obukhulu bamaqabunga lapho kucwiliswa i-inflorescence. I-rosette iqukethe ulimi olune-10-15 olwakhiwe ngamaphethelo abukhali, anobude obungamasentimitha ayi-6 nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-2,5, ambozwe kusuka ngezansi, ekugcineni anyamalale, amancane, acindezelwe ngokumelene nezikali ezinemibala egqamile.
I-inflorescence yaleli guzmania alilula ngokwengeziwe entweni engagunyaziwe, ubude bayo bube ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Amabhuleki amancanyana abunjiwe kakhulu ngesimo aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-5 ubude.
Izimbali zibekwa emilenzeni emifushane eqondile enamacembe aphuzi akhula ndawonye, akha ishubhu. Iziphetho zamacembe zihlala zikhululekile. Amathuna amancanyana womumo we-elliptical, afinyelela ku-2,5 cm amasentimitha, fuse phansi. Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walolu hlobo ngamahlathi aseCentral America naseMexico.
IGuzmania ineqembu elilodwa (IGuzmania monostachia) - isitshalo esino rosette obukhulu obukhulu bemigqa emincane enomphetho obonisiwe wamaqabunga aze afike kumasentimitha angama-40 ubude namasentimitha ayi-2 ububanzi. Amacembe anombala ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, ongezansi.
Kwi-peduncle engenalutho kune-spike elula yesigcawu elula, efinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15 ubude namasentimitha ama-3 ububanzi. Amabhuleki amancanyana abunjiwe ane-oval, shape ekhomba. Izimbali ezinamaphilisi afakwe imibala emhlophe, afinyelela ku-3 amasentimitha.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo:
- I-alba - inamaqabunga anombala owodwa nemibala emincane yemibala emibili - imhlophe etholakala phezulu naluhlaza - ngezansi;
- I-mosagata - amaqabunga alesi sitshalo anemivimbo emhlophe ngemuva oluhlaza;
- I-monostachia - lesi sitshalo sibonisa ngemibala emincane enemibala yezimbali ezinezithelo ezinemibala emide emide.
Le nhlobo isabalele emahlathini aseNingizimu Florida, Nicaragua, Peru, eNyakatho neBrazil naseNdiya.
Umhlanga waseGuzmania (Guzmania lingulata) - isitshalo esakha ama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu, amangalisa nokuhlobisa, okumele asuswe ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Le guzmania ikhula ngokuqhamile ezihlahleni zamahlathi asezintabeni eBrazil, eHonduras naseBolivia. Amaqabunga akhonjwa, abanzi ngokuqondile, ngokuqina okuqinile, enohlobo oluqinile lomphetho. Ubude bamaqabunga busuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-45, ububanzi bu ngamasentimitha amane.
Kwi-peduncle eqondile emfishane futhi ewugqinsi, kune-corymbose multifloral inflorescence enobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-7. Izimbali ezincane eziphuzi zide ngamasentimitha amane ubude futhi zihlotshiswe ngamabhulaki abomvu. Isikhathi sezimbali ubusika noma intwasahlobo yokuqala.
Lolu hlobo lwe-guzmania luyahluka kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyaziwa endalweni:
- i-sardinalis - ine-inflorescence enezimbali eziningi enamabhulokhethi abomvu aqhakazile. Iqhakaza ngoMashi nangoSepthemba.
- i-flammea - inamafushane (afinyelela ku-34 cm) namaqabunga acishe afinyelela ku (1.7 cm). Isikhathi sezimbali - Julayi, Agasti.
- i-lingulata isitshalo esikhulu esinezimbali eziningi nama-inflorescence anamaqabunga aqondile wombala obomvu noma opinki. Isikhathi sezimbali - Disemba, Mashi, Agasti.
- omncane isitshalo esincane esimbala owodwa esinamabhulokhi aqondile anemibala ebomvu. Iqhakaza kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJulayi.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kweGuzmania
IGuzmania isho izitshalo ezingakhula zombili endaweni enombala nasendaweni ekhanyayo. Lapho sikhula ekhaya emafasiteleni anelanga, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile ntambama, shading ngendwangu noma ngephepha le-translucent. Izwa kahle emafasiteleni abheke entshonalanga noma empumalanga.
Amawindi aseNyakatho angasetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo, noma kunjalo, kanti ubuhle bezindawo ezishisayo kungenzeka buqhume. Ehlobo kungcono ukukhipha izimbiza ezinezitshalo umoya omusha, kuyilapho kuvikela elangeni eliqondile, okusalungiswa kanye nemvula. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukugcina i-guzmania emoyeni ovulekile, kuyadingeka ukukhipha umoya egumbini njalo.
Ukusuka ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo, i-guzmania ekhaya ayidingi shading, kunalokho, kudingeka inani elanele lokukhanya. Kunconyelwa ngisho nokwenza izibani ezingeziwe zisebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent ezihlala okungenani amahora angama-8.
Izibani zibekwa ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-60 ukusuka ezitshalweni. Ebusika, i-airing nayo iyadingeka, udinga kuphela ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi isitshalo asiweli ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezingakapheli.
Ukunakekelwa kweGuzmania ekhaya kuyadingeka ngoba kuyisitshalo esithanda ukushisa futhi sikhetha "ukuhlala" esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo emazingeni okushisa angama-20 kuye kwangama-25. Ebusika, lapho isitshalo sinenkathi yokushisa, kuyadingeka ukuyigcina egumbini elipholile elinokushisa kwama-15-18 degrees. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi elivunyelwe yi-12 degrees Celsius.
Ukunisela imbali yaseGuzmania kanye nomswakama odingekayo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula nentuthuko (cishe kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba), ukunakekelwa kwe-guzmania ekhaya kudinga ukuthambisa okuningi njengoba umhlabathi womile. Kulokhu, amanzi athululelwa ngqo endaweni ephumayo. Kungcono ukunisela i-guzmania ekuseni.
Amanzi ezitolo kufanele aqhubeke njalo ngamasentimitha ayi-2,5, futhi kanye ngenyanga kufanele kuvuselelwe. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali nangaphambi kokuba isikhathi sokuqala siqale, amanzi kufanele akhishwe kuphuma.
Ebusika, ukuthambisa kwe-guzmania kwenziwa kancane, ngemuva kokomisa inhlabathi cishe ngengxenye yebhodwe. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi kwama-degree angama-20, khona-ke lesi sitshalo asithelwanga nhlobo, kodwa sifafazwe kuphela. Ukuthela amanzi emgqonyeni wokuphuma komgwaqo ekugcineni kwezimbali ze-guzmania kukhuthaza ukubola.
Uma i-guzmania ibekwa esihlahleni se-bromeliad, khona-ke njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-10 iyasuswa ekusekelweni bese ihliselwa emanzini ize igcwale, emva kwalokho ivunyelwe ukudonsa amanzi amaningi bese iphinda ibuyiselwe esihlahleni.
Uma ebusika lesi sitshalo sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-20 degrees, khona-ke ngezikhathi ezithile sithela amanzi amancane afudumele esitolo.
Amanzi okunisela kwe-guzmania kufanele athambile, azinze kahle futhi afudumele (cishe ama-degree ama-3 ukuphakama kunamazinga okushisa egumbini).
Njengazo zonke izitshalo ezishisayo, i-guzmania ithanda umoya, igcwele umswakama omningi. Uzozizwa engcono kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezimanzi nasemathajini. Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kweGuzmania lapho ungabeka khona amabhodwe ngezitshalo kumathreyi ngamatshe abolile, ubumba olwandisiwe noma imousse.
Kulokhu, phansi kwembiza akufanele kuhlangane namanzi. Futhi, ukuqinisekisa umswakama odingekayo, ukufafaza kwenziwa kaningana ngosuku, ikakhulukazi uma umoya osekamelweni womile.
Ukunakekelwa kweGuzmania ekhaya kuhilela ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile amaqabunga othuli, ukusula ngendwangu emanzi. Sebenzisa i-wax ukukhanyisa amaqabunga akunconywa.
Kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kuphele Agasti, kusetshenziswa umanyolo kanye ngenyanga. Ngalezi zinhloso, kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile wama-bromeliads, kepha uma kungekho lokho, umanyolo ojwayelekile wezitshalo zasendlini ezinokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephansi nakho kuyingozi, okuyingozi kumthamo omkhulu we-guzmania.
Umanyolo udilizwa emanzini wokunisela bese uthululelwa esokeni. Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo ojwayelekile, umthamo wawo kufanele wehliswe amahlandla ama-4 kunezinye izitshalo.
Ukunakekelwa kweGuzmania nokufakelwa
Imbali ye-Guzmania isitshalwa cishe njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3, njengoba kudingeka. Inqubo ingenziwa kuphela ekugcineni kwezimbali, lapho izingane ezifundile zikhula kancane. Lapho ukufakelwa, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kungashisi intamo yesitshalo, okuzoholela ekufeni kwayo.
Ukunakekela i-guzmania kuhlanganisa nokukhethwa kwezimbiza ezinkulu kakhulu, kungcono ukuthatha ngokujulile nangobubanzi. Yikuphi u-1/3 webhodwe ogcwele ukukhipha izingcezu zezingcezu zekhokho lewayini noma ngobumba olwandisiwe. Isendlalelo se-guzmania siyadingeka. Ungathenga ingxube yezitshalo ze-epiphytic esitolo sezimbali, noma ungazipheka ngokwakho.
Kunezindlela "zokupheka" ezimbalwa zokulungiselela kwalo:
- amagxolo kaphayini oqoshiwe - izingxenye ezi-3, i-peat peat - ingxenye eyi-1, isithombo se-moss sphagnum - ingxenye 1, inhlabathi enamaqabunga - 1 inxenye, i-humus - ingxenye engu-0.5. Ezinye i-perlite namalahle nazo zengezwa lapha.
- Umhlabathi we-Leafy - 1 ingxenye, ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi - ingxenye eyi-1, izingcezu zegxolo likaphayini - izingxenye eziyi-0.5, isihlabathi - izingxenye ze-0.5, i-sphagnum moss - eyodwa enobukhulu.
- Ithathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, inhlabathi yendawo yonke, isihlabathi kanye nezicucwana zamagxolo kaphayini.
- Izimpande ze-fern ezingaphansi - izingxenye ezi-3 ne-sphagnum moss - 1 ingxenye.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu yeGuzmania ekhaya
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusakazeka kwembewu kungenzeka. Kulula futhi kuthembeke kakhudlwana ukusabalalisa ngenzalo.
Imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ihlanzwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate futhi yomisiwe. Ingxube yokutshala ilungiswa kusuka ku-sphagnum echotshoziwe noma i-peat nesihlabathi. Njengoba ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka ekukhanyeni, kuhlakazeka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lokuhluma eliphumelelayo lingama-24 degrees. Kuyadingeka ukufeza umoya omncane nokufafaza. Izithombo zingalindeleka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ukuya kwezingu-20 emva kokuhlwanyela
Ngemuva kwezinye izinyanga ezingama-2,5, izitshalo ezincane zingena ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa yomhlaba we-turf, izingxenye ezi-2 zezwe elinamahlamvu nengxenye e-1 ye-peat. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, i-guzmania esekhulile itshalwe emabhodweni. Ukunakekelwa kweGuzmania ekhaya, noma ngabe kwenziwa ngalezi zincomo, izimbali zingalindelwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3-4.
Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, i-guzmania iyafa, "inika impilo" ngenzalo eminingana eseqhamuka ezinhlakeni zokuvuselela. Ezinyangeni ezimbili, lezi zinqubo zizokwakha amapheshana amaningana nezimpande ezibuthakathaka.
Ngalesi sikhathi, bahlukaniswe ngokucophelela futhi batshalwe emiphongolweni egcwele nge-sphagnum echobozekile noma ngenhlanganisela equkethe ingxenye eyi-1 yesihlabathi nebhusha likaphayini nezingxenye ezintathu zenhlabathi enamahlamvu.
Amahlumela atshaliwe abekwa endaweni lapho amazinga okushisa angama-26-28 degrees Celsius, futhi embozwe ngesiqukathi sengilazi noma esikhwameni sepulasitiki ukuze kukhule ngokushesha nokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngemuva kokukhipha izingcingo ngempumelelo nokukhula okubonakalayo, “ubusha” buqala ukuzijwayela ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokuboshwa.
Guzmania ubunzima kunokwenzeka
- Ngokuthambisa ngokweqile, ukubola kwezimpande kungenzeka.
- Imvamisa, ama-guzmanias athinteka yizifo fungal ngenxa yokuqukethwe kumagumbi afudumele futhi anomswakama kakhulu.
- Amabala ansundu emaqabungeni akhombisa ukushiswa yilanga.
- Amathiphu amaqabunga ajika abe nsundu lapho kunomswakama onganele womoya, kanye nokunisela ngamanzi alukhuni noma ukungabikho kwenani elidingekayo lamanzi endaweni yokuphuma.
- Ukufa kwesitshalo ekugcineni kwezimbali kuyinqubo yemvelo.
- Ukuvela kwezindawo eziphuzi emaqabunga ngokupenda okuthe chu nokufa kweqabunga lilonke kukhombisa ukunqotshwa kwesimungulu esibomvu.
- Ukuvela kwama-brown plaque-tubercles emaqabungeni - isitshalo sithinteka esikalini se-bromeliad.
- Uma amaqabunga embozwe ngefluff emhlophe ekotini, kusho ukuthi kwahlulwa ama-mealybugs.
- Uma isitshalo singakhi izixhaso, kusho ukuthi singenazo izakhamzimba.
- Amaqabunga okuthambisa namaqabunga athambile akhombisa ukushisa okuphansi kokuqukethwe kwe-guzmania.
