I-Lingonberry - i-berry yezempilo

I-Lingonberry ikhula ikakhulu kuma-coniferous (iningi likaphayini), amahlathi amancane anciphisayo, cishe kuyo yonke indawo yamahlathi, akha izindawo ezingapheli. Kutholakala nasehlathini lokutholwa kwesiFunda seNovosibirsk ne-Altai Territory.

Amaqabunga namajikijolo asetshenziswa njengezinto zokwelapha zokwelapha.. Amahlamvu avunwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwesitshalo kuqala (ekuvuneni kamuva, kuba mnyama lapho komile).

Amaqabunga e-Lingonberry aqukethe i-arbutin glycoside, i-flavonoid hyperoside, i-lycopene, ama-tannins, ama-organic acid. Ama-carbohydrate, i-pectin, i-carotene, i-ascorbic, i-citric, i-malic, i-tartaric, i-benzoic (enemiphumela ye-antiseptic), ama-acetic kanye namanye ama-organic acid, izinto ezilandelwayo zitholakala kuzithelo.

I-decoction noma ukumnika kwamanzi amaqabunga kusetshenziswa njenge-diuretic, choleretic ne-antiseptic agent yezifo ezithathelwanayo zezinso nezinso, i-urolithiasis, i-gout, kaningi njenge-astringent yokuhlaselwa isifo sohudo okungatheleleki. Izithelo ze-lingonberry zinconyelwa ukusilela kwe-hypo- ne-Vitamin. Ijusi yezithelo ye-Berry iyasiza ezigulini ezinsonsane..

I-Lingonberry (lat.Vaccínium vítis-idaéa) - uhlobo lwezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezivela kuhlobo lwe-Vaccinium lomndeni wakwaHeather.

Amaqabunga ehlukile, ama-obovate noma ahlanganisiwe, anemiphetho egobile, ecwebezelayo, ebusika, anezimpofana ezinamachashaza amancane ngaphansi komhlaba. Kulezi dimples ukwakheka okumise oklabhu, lapho izindonga zeseli zigcwele into enama-mucous ekwazi ukumunca amanzi. Amanzi amanzisa ingaphezulu leshidi lidlulela ohlangothini olungaphansi, ligcwalisa imigodi futhi liyangenwa.

Ikhula emahlathini omile futhi anamanzi futhi anethezekayo, izihlahlana, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlangeni ze-peat.

Amabhishi ama-Lingonberry, amahlumela awo kwesinye isikhathi okufanele avele esiqwini esibolile phakathi kwamagxolo nokhuni, angafinyelela kubude obuyimitha elilodwa, kanti lawo akhula eduze emhlabathini avamisile ngo-8 kuya ku-15 cm.

Izimbali zimhlophe ngombala opinki, ojwayelekile, oqoqwe ngamabhulashi apical. I-corolla ibhalwe amane. Inkomishi ihlukaniswe kane. Ama-Stamens - 8. I-Pestle - 1. I-ovary ephansi. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi nangoJuni. I-Lingonberry corollas ivele ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lokhu kuvikela impova ekungangeni kahle. Kuma-anthers, impova isesimweni sesisindo esiminyene, kepha kancane kancane iyithukulula futhi ichithe izingxenye ezithile ngezimbobo ezisekupheleni kwama-anthers.

Izithelo - amajikijolo abomvu, abamba iqhwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Uhlobo lwezinhlobo igama elithi vitis-idaea ekuhumusheni empeleni lisho - "umvini ovela eNtabeni Ida" (isiqhingi saseKrethe). Igama elithi vitis-idaea le-lingonberries okokuqala lenziwa nguDodoneus noGesner (abezemvelo, ababhali bezincwadi zezindaba, ikhulu le-16). Ababhali bakudala abakhange bakhulume nge-lingonberries.

Amahlumela weLingonberry athintwa yi-fungus Exobasidium vaccinii. Ngalesi lesion, isiqu bese sishiya i-curl bese sithola umbala opinki ophuzi. Kude kude, amahlumela anjalo abonakala njengezimbali ezingajwayelekile futhi aqhakaza ngokuqinile ngemuva kwesizinda sezinhlahla eziluhlaza okwenziwe ngokuluhlaza. Imvamisa, ngenxa yokwehlulwa yisikhunta uMelampora Goeppertiana, iziqu ziyanwetshwa, zisontwe futhi zinikeze umbono womshanelo, futhi amaqabunga amafushane, lawo aphansi aphenduka izikali.

Amajikijolo ama-lingonberry, aqhamuka kakhulu ngombala wawo obomvu ngokungafani nesizinda samahlamvu aluhlaza, adliwa yizilwane nezinyoni.. Izinyoni zisabalalisa imbewu engafakwanga ezindaweni ezinkulu futhi zisize ukusabalalisa ama-lingonberry.

Izimpande ze-Lingonberry ziboshwe nge-mycelium fungal. Imicu yesikhunta ithatha izixazululo zenhlabathi ngamaminerali bese iwudlulisela ezimpandeni ze-lingonberry.

I-Lingonberry ibukeka njenge-bearberry.

Izici

Indawo: i-lingonberry ikhula elangeni nasethunzini elithile, kepha ithela izithelo kuphela ekukhanyiseni okungu-100%.

Inhlabathi: kufana ne-heather, okungukuthi, kufanele kube okuxekethile, amanzi- futhi uphefumule futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kube nokuphendula kwe-acid. Izinga elilungile le-pH yenhlabathi yengadi ye-heather ingamayunithi angama-3.5-4,5. Umhlabathi omfishane onomunxa noma ongathathi hlangothi kufanele ufakwe acidic njalo. Kulokhu, kufakwa isibabule (40 g nge-1 sq. M) noma kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-7 000 indawo iniselwa amanzi ngamanzi ngokufakwa kwe-electrolyte yamabhethri e-asidi ngesilinganiso esingu-2-3 ml ilitha elilodwa lamanzi. Izitshalo ze-Heather zikhula kahle ku-peat, kepha ingxube y peat ngesihlabathi, i-sawdust nezinaliti nayo iyafaneleka. Ngendlela, isisombululo esithandekayo ekwakhiweni kwengadi ye-heather ukusetshenziswa kwe-sawn peat. Ukusuka "izitini" ze-peat zisabalalisa umngcele, ngaphakathi lapho kuthelwa khona inhlabathi bese kutshalwa izitshalo. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lihlanganiswe nge-sawdust noma ngesihlabathi (3-5 cm cm). Ama-husk of pine nati noma ama-pine bark abukeka emuhle kakhulu njenge-mulch, ngasikhathi sinye amahle futhi afaka umhlabathi enhlabathini.

Ukufakelwa

Ama-mangonberry asakazwa yimbewu, ukusika kwe-rhizome nezitshalo zendodakazi. Lezi zokugcina zihlinzeka ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokutshala ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngaphansi kokufika, bamba umsele ojulile ngo-25-30 cm, ububanzi begede elijwayelekile futhi baligcwalisa ngehhashi noma nge-peat peat ngokufakwa kwesihlabathi esikhulu somfula ngokwesilinganiso esingu-3: 1. Izinga elikhulu lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lingu-60-80 cm, ngesigaxa esiphakeme okudingeka usikhulise - uthele i-10-15 cm yamatshe, amatshe amatshe noma ngesitini ephukile ukuze kukhishwe kuze kufike phansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, kumanyolo amaminerali atshaliwe: 7 g we-ammonium sulfate, 6 g we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili no-3 g we-potassium sulfate nge-1 m2.

Izitshalo ezisencane ezinenhlama yenhlabathi zitshalwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi ngebanga lama-25-30 cm phakathi kwazo (azikho ngaphezu kwezihlahla eziyi-15 ezibekwa 1 m2) ziniselwe.

Ukunakekelwa

Ukuvula umhlabathi phakathi nehlobo, ukuchelela ngesimo sezulu esomile (i-lingonberry akubekezeleli umswakama owedlulele) nokususa ukhula.

Ama-mangonberry angalimala amabhungane amaqabunga, amacimbi e-tundra namaqabunga amaqabunga. Kungcono ukuthi uqoqe ngesandla noma ufafaze izitshalo ngama-infusions kagwayi, ama-anyanisi husks kanye ne-dandelion. Kulezifo, i-ekbazidiosis nokugqwala kuvamile. Kuqala, amaqabunga, amahlumela nezimbali kuphenduka zipinki futhi zimbi. Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, amahlumela aphenduka abe nsundu bese omile. Amaqabunga atheleleka ngukugqwala, amabala amabala obomvu ophuzi ohlangothini lwawo olungaphezulu, amabala aphuzi ngakwesobunxele, bese kuthi kamuva kube nsundu okusobala kokuvuvukala.

Amahlumela athintekile adinga ukusikwa futhi ashiswe, izitshalo kufanele zifafazwe ngo-1% weBordeaux uketshezi noma esikhundleni sazo. Ngokuphikisana nokugqwala, ungazama ukusebenzisa itopazi (1 ampoule le-2 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).

Ukuzala

Ukusakazwa imbewu kanye cuttings. Ukuhluma kwembewu ye-lingonberry kuyahlukahluka, ngokusho kwababhali abahlukahlukene, kusuka ku-11 kuye ku-50%. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ziqhuma ngoJuni - Julayi. Ukuhluma ngenhla komhlaba. Ama-Shots anama-cotyledon angama-lvalolate-oval, aze afike ku-2,5 mm ubude, aluhlaza okotshani ngaphezulu, acwebezelayo, onsomi ngezansi. Ama-cotyledons afile ahlala kulesi simila iminyaka eminingana. Iqabunga lokuqala li-oval, elinomgoqo oyinhloko obonakala ngokucacile, ongafika ku-2 mm ubude. Ishidi lesibili likhudlwana. Amaqabunga e-lanceolate alandelayo, akhonjwe ekugcineni. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala, amahlumela anamaqabunga eqiniso ayi-2-4, ukuphakama kwezitshalo kungu-1 - 2 cm. Ama-axis aphambili ama-lingonberry afa ngonyaka we-3-4 futhi athathelwa indawo amahlumela aseceleni. Ngenxa yokwenziwa kwamagatsha, kwakhiwa isihlahla sokuqala esiyisisekelo. Ukuthathwa kwezimo zezimo zemvelo kwenzeka, ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, eneminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengu-14, ngokusho kwabanye - eneminyaka eyi-14 kuya kwengu-14, ezitshalweni ezake zamila kakhulu ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-5 ukuya kwengama-5. Iminyaka yamakhethini e-lingonberry ngamanye ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba inqunywe eminyakeni engama-90-120. Izitho ezikhiqizwayo zibekwa efihlelweni unyaka ngaphambi kokuqhakaza; ngo-Agasti, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali ezizayo kungahlukaniswa.

I-Lingonberry isitshalo esiyimpova esiyizinambuzane, noma kunjalo, ukuziqothula ngokuvamile kuyaphawulwa. Amaphesenti wezimbali ezivundisiwe ahluka kakhulu (kusuka ku-14 kuye ku-90) ezimeni ezahlukahlukene naseminyakeni ehlukile. Kumabhulashi kusuka kwizithelo ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-16; imbewu ku-berry isuka ku-5 iye ku-31. Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kwama-lingonberry kuphakama impela, kodwa-ke, emvelweni, ukuzalwa kwembewu kunzima. Imbewu imila kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu. Imvamisa, amahlumela angatholakala ezimpondweni ezindala, izihlahla eziwile, izindlela ezishiywe dengwane. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinhlobo zama-lingonberry kuthathelwa indawo enkulu yi-vegetative. Ukusakazwa kwemifino kushesha kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile ezingenayo imifino, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezishisiwe. Ingabuye isatshalaliswe ngokwezifiso ngosiki lwenamba olusikiwe.

Izinhlobo

Kukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 okwamanje. Isibonelo: 'Korale', minus ne-compactum. Okuhlobisa kakhulu:

"I-Koralle"- isihlahla esihlangene esiyindilinga esinobude nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-30. Izimbali futhi sithela izithelo kabili ngesizini (blooms ngoMeyi noJulayi, izithelo - ngoJulayi noSeptemba), zihlobisa ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi-Septhemba.

"I-red perl" - isihlahla esinobude nobubanzi be-25 cm, amajikijolo ayindilinga abomvu omnyama. Izimbali futhi kuthela izithelo kabili ngesizini.

"I-Erntesegen" - isihlahla esivuthayo esiphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-40. Izinhlobo zezithelo ezinkulu kunazo zonke.

Njengesitshalo sekhava esingaphansi kwesisekelo, ungasebenzisa izinhlobo "Masovia" no "Kostroma pink". Ama-Lingonberry nezinhlobonhlobo zawo amelana neqhwa ebusika ukufika ku-30 ° C, akadingi indawo yokukhosela ...

Futhi kuyathengiswa kwesinye isikhathi umuthi wokugoma omuhle kakhulu, noma udayi (V. praestans) - ishlahla esihlisayo. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengendawo eyisisekelo; eziqhakaza ezinezimbali ezimhlophe bese akha amajikijolo abomvu adliwayo. Umuthi wokugomela owenziwe ngemali (V. nummularia) - isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esifinyelela ku-30 cm ukuphakama ngezimbali ezipinki kanye namajikijolo amnyama.

Ukukhethwa kwamakhaya kuhloselwe ukwandisa isivuno se-lingonberry. Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zama-lingonberry 'Ruby' wokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Amajikijolo anesisindo esingama-0.22 g, abomvu okumnyama, amnandi futhi amuncu. Ziqukethe ushukela - 11.7%, ama-organic acid - 1.6%, ascorbic acid - 11.0 mg%. Ukunambitha amaphuzu - amaphuzu angu-4,2. Isivuno esijwayelekile singama-972 g nge-1 m2. Isihlahla siphakathi nendawo ngomqhele ocindezelwe. Amahlumela obukhulu obuphakathi, amaqabunga asayizi aphakathi, iqabunga lephepha lesikhumba, elibushelelezi. Izimbali ziphakathi nendawo, azinalutho, zimhlophe. Izitshalo zihlala zilwa namazinga okushisa aphansi (-33 C) ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa. Babekezelela isithwathwa sentwasahlobo ukuya -3 C. Bathinteka ngokugqwala kuze kufike ku-1 iphuzu. Awukho umonakalo wezinambuzane. Izinga elikhulu lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angama-40-60 cm.I-Acidic, nenhlabathi ekhishwa kahle iyadingeka ukuze kutshalwe.

Izinambuzane nezifo

Emvelweni, emithini yesolonberry kukhona amacimbi amabhungane wezimbali kanye namahlumela ezinhlamvu, indawo yokutshala kokugedla kanye namaqabunga amancane we-gluing ngama-cobwebs. Zingavela futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, ngaleso sikhathi izinambuzane ziqoqwa ngesandla.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-lingonberry abe nokugqwala (aphuzi futhi omiswe ngamaqabunga, akhulise ukukhula kwehlumela) kanye ne-exobazidiosis (amahlumela, amaqabunga, ama-inflorescence athola umbala opinki kanye nopelepele omhlophe).

Sebenzisa

Ungakhula ama-lingonberry njenge-sandwich, kepha ivelu yayo esemqoka kumajikijolo.

Amajikijolo aqukethe ama-anthocyanins, amavithamini C, amaminerali acid, ushukela, i-carotene, i-manganese. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-asidi e-salicylic kanye ne-benzoic, anezakhi ze-antiseptic futhi angagcinwa unyaka wonke, nje ugcwaliswe ngamanzi ahlanzekile!

Ijusi le-Berry libuye liyeke ukuthuthukiswa kokuqina komfutho wegazi, liyisaxuxuxu futhi linomphumela ovuthayo. Ama-lingonberry abilisiwe noju athathelwa isifo sofuba, ofakwe - ngenxa yezifo zesisu kanye ne-gout.

Amajikijolo adliwa ujamu omusha, obilisiwe, ama-compotes, amajusi.

Amaqabunga anamandla okupholisa - i-cystitis, izifo zesibindi, i-rheumatism, umkhuhlane, isifo samathambo kanye ne-urolithiasis ziphathwa nge-decoction yazo. Amahlamvu avunwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.