Lo mbiza ongapheli, elinye igama lawo nguMsebenzi, ungowomndeni wakwa-Asparagus. Isitshalo esithanda umswakama, esidabuka eMpumalanga Asia, sikhula ngokwemvelo emithambekeni yezintaba nasehlathini elinomswakama.
AmaJapan abiza lesi sitshalo njengengcwele futhi alungisa izitsha zokupheka ezisuka kuma-petioles.
Ezweni lethu, abaningi abazi ukuthi lesi sitshalo sendawo sibukeka kanjani. Akadumile kangako ngezimbali, kodwa ngamaqabunga awo amahle ahlukahlukene. Lesi sitshalo esingenacala singakhula isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokufakelwa, zombili ezindaweni ezinelanga nasethunzini, sibekezelela ngesizotha kokubili isomiso nesithwathwa.
Lesi sitshalo esineminyaka emihlanu sivele sibhekwe njengomdala, sikhula ngentshiseko futhi sibukeka sihle kakhulu.
Zingakaze kufike izinsuku lapho abatshali bezitshalwe ngohlu oluyisicefe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokumelene nesizinda sezimbali eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bheka isithombe ukuthi ihosta (iHosta) ibukeka kanjani ngokunethezeka - umhlobiso wegadi, isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu nesimfashini, abathi bonke abatshali bezimbali basizingele:
Kuyamangaza ukuthi ubuningi balezi zitshalo benza ingadi ibe mihle kuphela. Lesi isitshalo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngemibala ehlukahlukene enhle kanye nokwakheka kwamaqabunga, izinhlobo azihlanganisiwe ngokuphelele hhayi nomunye, kodwa nezitshalo zasengadini eziningi. Emthunzini ngama-ferns, ama-sedges, ama-primroses, i-goryanka, i-geyherah, i-hellebore ne-violets, elangeni ngama-roses, irises, geraniums, cuffs.
Isitshalo sokubamba: ukutshala nokukhula kahle
Ngezikhathi zokusebenziseka, lapho bonke abalimi bezama ukudala izingadi ezidinga ukulungiswa okuncane, ukukhetha kwabaphathi kanye nokukhula kuye kwaba ngumkhuba othandwayo. Futhi zihle kakhulu. Lesi yisitshalo esihle sabalimi “abavilaphayo” abangenalo ithuba lokusebenzisa amandla amaningi engadini. Umsingathi uyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo ezikhulayo, zingatshalwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla nemibhede yezimbali, endaweni ekhanyayo nasethunzini. Izihlahla ezinde, ezinempilo ziyahlobisa ingadi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke.
Lapho ukukhula kwamasimu akhula emhlabathini ovulekile akukho zidingo ezikhethekile zesimo somhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukunikela ukukhetha ku-humus loams. Ukuhumusheka kufanele kube kwenele, kepha ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi awahlali futhi inqubo yokubola kwezimpande ayiqali.
Uma umsingathi wokutshala nokunakekela atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi, khona-ke cishe ngeke ukwazi ukukhula lapho. Kuyadingeka ukufaka njalo umanyolo wamaminerali bese ufaka ingxenye yenhlabathi evundile emgodini ngaphambi kokutshala.
Uma sikhuluma ngezimo ezifanele, lo-mthunzi oyingxenye, upholile, umhlabathi wezakhi osindayo usabela kancane nge-acid, uhlala umswakama, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ungakhulisa kanjani umninikhaya omuhle, kudingeka wazi esinye sezici zawo. Uma isihlahla sinamaqabunga amnyama, ngaphandle kwamabala akhanyayo, khona-ke kufanele ngokuqinisekile sitshalwe endaweni enomthunzi. Futhi okuphambene nalokho, lapho iqabunga lithola ukukhanya okuningi, indawo enelanga elithe xaxa idinga ukwabelwa isihlahla.
Ngakho-ke, "oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" kungcono ukubeka emthunzini, lapho bagcina umbala isikhathi eside, futhi ophuzi, kunalokho - elangeni.
Ngomkhuba ophumelelayo wokutshala nokuzala isitshalo, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ezinye izeluleko ezivela kubalimi abanolwazi:
- eminyakeni yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, isitshalo kungenzeka ukuthi asizange sisho izimpawu zezinhlobo, njengamaqabunga anemibala ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yesilinganiso sokukhula kancane, futhi kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-3-4 lapho kuzokwazi ukubujabulela ngokugcwele ubuhle besitshalo;
- ngoba akukho nzima ukuthi unakekele umninikhaya otshaliwe, zonke izinqubo ziya ngaphansi: ukhula, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukuchelela kanye nokusebenzisa umanyolo. Ungazilinganisela ekuniseleni nje, yize kunjalo, ngokunakekela, abaphathi bakhula ngokushesha futhi babukeke bengcono;
- ukondla, ungasebenzisa umquba wenkomo ojwayelekile, kepha awudingi ukuwusebenzisa izitshalo ezincane kakhulu;
- ebusika, akudingekile ukudala izimo ezikhethekile, kwanele ukuthi ungasusi amaqabunga awileyo, kuzovikela lesi sitshalo ekuqandeni.
Lapho umninikhaya esethathe izimpande futhi esethathe izimpande, angakhula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugqoka phezulu, ukuhlakulela, ukuchelela, njll. Kepha, kunjalo, kukhona eminye imiqondo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zokubamba: isithombe, igama kanye nencazelo yezitshalo
Ngaphandle kwezimbali ezinhle, nokho amaqabunga angumhlobiso oyinhloko wesitshalo. Amacembe ahlukaniswa ngemibala ehlukahlukene: enemibala emhlophe, ephuzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuyibubende futhi ifakiwe ngaphakathi. Amaqabunga acwebezelisiwe futhi matte, abushelelezi futhi afakwa umbhalo, kepha nokho lesi sitshalo kunzima ukusidida nanoma yikuphi okunye. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla nakho kungahluka kakhulu - kusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-125.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezithandwayo ezitholakala ekwakhiweni kwemibhede yezimbali:
Naka ukubamba kwezithombe kwefomu Curly, inamacembe abanzi anemibala eluhlaza egcwele kufreyimu yomngcele omhlophe. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kufinyelela ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha.
I-Hosta elata (phezulu) - lolu hlobo lwehostela lathola igama laso ngenxa yamabibi amade namaqabunga amade, zonke izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amade amade anemifino emfushane, onsomi okhanyayo. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ithela izithelo njalo.
Ama-Hybrid host yizinhlobo zezitshalo nezinhlobo ezivame ukutholakala ezingadini. Bheka izithombe zalezi zinhlobo ezinamagama, umbala wazo ongajwayelekile ngokuqinisekile uzohlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi yangaphambili:
Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zomsingathi, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba, ukuhlobisa amapaki nezingadi.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabahwebi, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine zokubamba njengamanje ziyafuya. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka incazelo yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ngemininingwane eminingi:
Ibanga - Usokhaya Fortune, ambuke esithombeni, incazelo yezici zakhe ngamahlamvu anomngcele we-beige neziqu ezinde.
Ikhebhedi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - Inhlobonhlobo yehostela ekhula ngokushesha, ekhonjiswe esithombeni, negama liyazikhulumela - selinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Intokazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - lolu hlobo lwegama yilolu oluhlukile lwehostela elinamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olutholwe ngenxa yesimo seqabunga elinomfanekiso wenhliziyo osayizi obuthakathaka kanye nokuthungwa okumihle kakhulu.
Umama omkhulu - isitshalo esivela ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu zokubamba, isimilo sezinhlobonhlobo singamaqabunga amakhulu ayindilinga ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ithanda ukukhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi.
Okhthoba obomvu (Ubomvu ngo-Okthoba) - Bheka izithombe ngalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamasosi; ama-petioles amaqabunga awo abukeka emangalisa kakhulu - abomvu ngombala.
IHosta Ibanga Elegance Ukubukwa kwe-Siebold Host kukhonjiswe esithombeni, kubonakaliswa ngamaqabunga abanzi agqamile ngombala onsomi-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunama-inflorescence ahlukahlukene, izimbali - ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya kofihlo.
NgoJuni - igama lezinhlobonhlobo zamahostela ezithokozisayo, bese ubheka isithombe ngesitshalo esinombala wamaqabunga ongashintsha kaningana phakathi nenkathi sisuka kokuphuzi kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani.
Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezinhlobo zokubamba ezinamagama ahlukahlukene, ungakha umklamo oyingadi ohlukile.
Amakhaya ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokuya ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, ngosayizi, ukwakheka kwesihlahla, umbala kanye nokwakheka kwamaqabunga, isikhathi sokuqhakaza. Kepha ngokufanayo, imininingwane esezinhlotsheni ezithile iyanquma, ngoba ukuba lelinye lamaqembu akusho lutho mayelana nezinye izici.
Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziphuziweyo zombili izindawo zomthunzi nezelanga, futhi imikhosi emincane ingasakazeka noma inamaqabunga aqondiswe phezulu.
Sekuyisikhathi eside abafuyi bezingosi abanakanga izimbali, amaqabunga abukeka kakhulu futhi muhle. Yize amahlamvu ethathwa njengento eyinhloko inzuzo, kepha futhi nama-inflorescence angajwayelekile nawo ungumhlobiso omuhle.
Manje konke sekushintshile: inhloso yokuhlanganisa inzalo izimbali eziphindwe kabili, ezikhanyayo, ezinkulu nezinamakha. Izimbali ziza ngemibala ehlukahlukene - zisuka emhlophe qhwa futhi zibande okwesibhakabhaka ziye kumbala ocebile we-lilac. Ngeshwa, izitayela zemfashini azihlali zibonisa izimfanelo zabo ezinhle.
Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo ze-terry 'Aphrodite' kwisimo sezulu sethu azikwazi ukuqhakaza - izinsuku ezingafudumele ezanele.
Izindlela zokusakazeka zokubamba: indlela yokutshala isitshalo ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ngenxa yokungaqondakali kwayo, umgcini ungabekezelela kalula ukutshala, ukuzala kabusha nokufakelwa. Ukunakekela yena akunzima neze. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusakazeka kwezitshalo;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla;
- ukusika;
- imbewu.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ungasakaza kanjani umgcini ngendlela yokuhlukanisa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlukanisa isihlahla esitshalweni esingafinyelelanga phezulu kwaso kwentuthuko kuyinto engathandeki. Isenzo esinjalo singamisa ukukhula kwalo kanye nentuthuko.
Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha izitshalo ezivuthiwe ezineminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala.
Enye into ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kanye nemibuzo yokuzala, umbuzo uphakama ngokuthi ungayitshala kanjani. Umsingathi kulula ukuwabelana. Lapho ufuna ukuthola izabelo eziningi, bamba isihlahla, bageze izimpande banqume "izingxenye" ezidingekayo ngommese. Isikhathi esifanele sale nqubo ukuqala kwentwasahlobo noma uSepthemba.
Kodwa-ke, ukwahluka kwale mbali ukuthi i-rhizome yayo ingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo isizini yonke.
Kwesinye isikhathi usike ngephutha ingxenye ethile yesihlahla ngaphandle kwempande, kepha ngesithende. Ukusika okunjalo kuyasebenza futhi, udinga ukubashiya emanzini ukukhulisa izimpande. Ukusakazeka kwamabutho ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla sikamama kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokwandisa isitshalo, ngoba amahlumela asevele enezimpande futhi angenza ngokushesha izimpande.
Ungakusakaza kanjani ukusikwa komsingathi
Akudingekile ukuba nezitshalo zakho zokubamba ngokusakazeka ngokwehlukana, ngoba kungenzeka zingakafiki usayizi oyifunayo. Ungathenga izihlahla ezenziwe ngomumo, ezikhulile ngokukhethekile.
Amahhovisi anohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpondo ayathengiswa entwasahlobo. Lapho uthenga, hlola izimpande kanye nezinso kahle. Ukutholwa kufanele kushiywe uma izimpande zenziwe kahle, zibolile, zilahlekile, futhi izinso lithambile.
Udinga ukugcina izimpande zomsingathi ngaphambi kokutshala esiqandisini, emazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kwe-zero, ngemuva kokumbozwa ngokweqile nge-peat noma nge-sphagnum bese uyifaka esikhwameni.
NgoMeyi, lesi sitshalo singatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Kungcono ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala ekhanyiselwe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, evikelekile elangeni eliqondile. Uma uyitshala endaweni enomthunzi kakhulu, khona-ke izokhula kancane. Kodwa-ke, ukusakaza kuleli cala kuzofinyelela usayizi omkhulu kakhulu.
I-algorithm yokutshala izimbali:
- zokutshala, kulungiselelwe umgodi omkhulu ngokwedlula uhlelo lwempande yesitshalo;
- engeza i-peat, humus, isihlabathi emgodini wokutshala;
- umgodi uhhafu ugcwele inhlabathi futhi uchithe ngamanzi;
- izimpande zezithombo zisatshalaliswa phezu kwenhlabathi futhi zifafazwe ngomhlaba;
- amabutho atshaliwe ukuze intamo yezimpande ijule ngo-2 cm.
Indlela yokusabalalisa kulula kakhulu ukusakaza abanikazi bezimbali. Ngokutshala nokunakekela, ukusika kusikwa esihlahleni esikhulayo sesitshalo esidala.
Lokhu kulungele kusuka endaweni yokubukwa yokuthi awudingi ukuthi ucabange ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani into oyithathile ngemuva kokuhlukanisa izingqimba. Kodwa-ke, kaningi, ngenxa yokuthi iziqu zikhula kakhulu, ukwahlukaniswa kwezihlahla ezisikiwe kungadala ubunzima.
Njengoba isiqu singenazimpande ukuze sikwazi ukutshala kahle lowo ozibambele, kudingeka sikhule izimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ihlumela likhishwa cishe kuwo wonke amaqabunga bese lifakwa ku-greenhouse noma kumgqomo wamanzi kuphela.
Lapho izimpande zikhula kangcono, ukukhula kwezitshalo kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha.
Ungatshintshela kanjani kumgcini futhi usinakekela kanjani isitshalo
Ungathola ngokuthengisa imbewu yezitshalo ezimvilophini ezinezithombe ezinhle. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu yomgcini, khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwembewu akunakubangabaza noma yiluphi uhlobo. Izitshalo kungenzeka ziluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu eyamukelayo imila kancane, futhi izithombo zikhula kancane.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele kwenziwe ngenkathi ebandayo, khona-ke entwasahlobo izithombo ziyohluma. Umphumela wokuhlobisa wesitshalo ungatholakala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-5 yokuphila.
Amakhaya cishe awaguli, akuvamile ukuba avakashelwe yizilokazane.
Umehluko yi-slugs elimaza ukubukeka kwezitshalo ngamahlamvu wokunca. Ngobusuku obubodwa bayakwazi ukuququda inani elikhulu lamaqabunga aluhlaza. Ukulwa nama-slugs kulula impela, ikakhulukazi uma amalungiselelo e-irondehyde ehlakazeka ngaphambi kwezitshalo.
Inkinga enkulu yigciwane eliphethe. Ukungabonakali kwegciwane ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kwalo kunamacala amaningi. Kungaba ucezwana oluhle eqabungeni, kuthi i-pallor engeyona eyemvelo ichitheke emithanjeni. Leli gciwane lidluliswa ngesitshalo sokudla; Izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zimbiwe futhi zichithwe.
Enye inkathazo efihlekile yidiem stem. Ithinta amaqabunga ezitshalo, ibashiye imivimbo emnyama engafanele. Amaqabunga anjalo kufanele abhujiswe, futhi isitshalo ngokwaso sitshalwe kwenye indawo. Izimpande zitshalwa nge-potassium permanganate ngaphambi kokutshala.
Uma utshala i-funky enhlabathini engathandeki ngodaka, lapho izimpande zayo zingenawo amandla okuphefumula, khona-ke ingahle ibe yisisulu sokubola okungwevu. Ukuphela kwendlela yokususa lesi sihlava kungukudlulisela enhlabathini evumayo nokukhulula umhlaba.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakekelwa okufanele, umsingathi akavulelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Ngabe umninimzi ubukeka kanjani engadini (enesithombe)
Emasimini athokomele lapho indawo yokutshala i-hosta isendaweni esevulekile, futhi ingadi akuyona inkinga, intombazane enhle yase-Asia ihlobisa izindawo ezinomthunzi. Ngakwesokudla, ubizwa ngokuthi yindlovukazi yesithunzi, uyakwazi ukutshala ezindaweni lapho ezinye izitshalo zingahlali khona.
Ezungeze izindawo ezinkulu ezikhona kulula ukutshala ama-bulbs entwasahlobo. Amakhosi akhula sekwephuze, kanti ama-primroses atshalwe phakathi kwezihlahla enza ukuthi ukubukeka kokutshala kuze kube yilapho kuvela uhlaza obuluhlaza. Amaqabunga aqala ukwenzeka ngoMeyi afiqa ukuqothuka okugcwele kakhulu.
Bheka isithombe, ukuthi yimiphi imifino enoshukela enomgcini ongayinakekela ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokutshala endaweni efanele:
Izinketho zokusebenzisa imbali ekuhlobiseni engadini:
- ukuhlobisa kahle unyawo lwezinto ezisekela mpo, izinsika kanye neminye imiklamo hhayi yobuhle kakhulu;
- ukudalwa kwemingcele kusuka ezingxenyeni eziningana zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene;
- ukudala isizinda sezinye izitshalo zokuhlobisa;
- ukugcwalisa ezindaweni ezingenalutho;
- umhlobiso wamachibi wokufakelwa nemithombo;
Ukutshala izihlahla ezingaqondile emaphethelweni ezindleleni kuotshani kubukeka kukuhle.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi imibala zokutshala ukhaphethi ekwakhiweni kwengadi kuvame kakhulu. Lezi zihlahla azenzi nje umsebenzi wokuhlobisa, zivimbela nokukhula kotshani lokhula.
Ukuhlanganiswa ngamatshe nezibambo kubukeka kukuhle, ngakho-ke ezivandeni zamadwala nasezitolo zamadwala zizothola indawo yazo.
Bheka nje isithombe sokuthi izimbali zehostela zibukeka kanjani lapho zitshala emnyango wensimu. Futhi unakekele ukuhlobisa okunje kuhlala kukuncane, ngakho-ke kujabulise.
Kuyathandwa ukuthi kukhule isikhunta kwizimbali zezimbali neziqukathi zokuhlobisa zokuhlobisa ama-balconies, ama-verandas ngisho nasezindlini. Izimbali ezinjalo zidinga ukugqokwa njalo phezulu nokunisela njalo. Lapho ufika, ungqimba lwamanzi akumelwe unganakwa.
Uma ngale ndlela uhambisa izitshalo zobusika kusuka engadini ziye ku-veranda efudumele, khona-ke lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwayo entwasahlobo.
