Enye yezinto ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu engadini yangaphandle, ama-perennials - uBelamakhosi akazange azitholele ngengozi igama lesidlaliso lily leopard. Izimbali zakhe zivame ukufana neminduze, noma ngabe isimo sazo singajwayelekile. Kepha into esemqoka eBelamand iphalethi eliyingqayizivele lemibala ye-orange "echichize", evame ukubonwa njengeyangempela.
Lesi sitshalo esinezimbali eziningi kakhulu akunzima ukusikhulisa, kepha okuyi-whim yeBelamkanda - ukuqina kobusika baso ebusika - kunquma isimo sesiko elingandile nelibalulekile. Impela, ukuze iBelamkanda ikujabulise unyaka nonyaka, ngoba ebusika lobu buhle kuzofanele bumbiwe buhlanze amabhodwe angaphakathi ezindlini.
I-Domestic Iris (ikhaya) (Iris domestica), noma iChinese Belamkanda (Belamcanda chinensis). © imayardI-iris yasendlini nezimbali zayo ezingwe
Lesi sitshalo, esaziwa kakhulu ngabalimi abaningi ngaphansi kwegama lily leopard, sibizwa ngokufanele ngokwesayensi iris amakhosi (iris amakhosi) Ngemuva kwakho konke, lesi sitshalo kudala sifakwa kuhlobo lwe-irises futhi sikhule ngezindlela eziningi ngokuya ngemithetho efanayo. Kepha nokho izinhliziyo zabalimi emhlabeni wonke zinegama elidala belamkanda (belamcanda) eduze kakhulu. Njengoba lesi sitshalo singabizwa, isimo saso njenge-exotica yengadi ngeke siguquke kulokhu. I-Belamkanda yisiko elihehayo futhi elinempilo, elinesibindi, ngemininingwane engajwayelekile futhi edinga indlela engavamile yokulima.
I-Domestic Iris, noma i-Iris Yasekhaya (Iris amakhosi) - isitshalo somhlobiso womhlobiso womndeni wama-Iris (I-Iridaceae) Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-2000s, le nhlobo yabizwa ngokuthi yiBelams Chinese (Belamcanda chinensis) futhi yathathwa njengowukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Belamkand (Belamcanda).
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zaseBelamkanda zikhawulelwe: yizinhlobo eyodwa kuphela ezikhulelwiwe ekwakhekeni komhlaba - iChinese Belamkanda (i-belamcanda yakis negama lesimanje iris domestica) Lesi sitshalo sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu, sisengozini. Kodwa uma ama-belamkands wemvelo angumbono ongavamile, khona-ke esikweni lengadi ukuthandwa kwabo kukhula kuphela. Futhi sinethemba lokuthi isiko elihehayo lizokwaziswa ngokugcwele ngathi, futhi hhayi eNtshonalanga kuphela.
Izakhiwo zasendlini namuhla zibalwa phakathi kwezimangaliso zasengadini ezihehayo phakathi kweziqholo. Zibaluleke ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezimbali zazo ezinde ezingajwayelekile, kepha amaqabunga aseBelamkanda muhle kakhulu. Ekuphakameni, lokhu kwaphakade kukhawulelwe ku-60-70 cm, kepha izinhlobo ngazinye emvelweni zingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha. Ukugqama kwe-belamkanda ukuhleleka kwamaqabunga kuphela engxenyeni engezansi yeziqu, kuze kube yizicucu ezi-8 ihlumela elilodwa. Amamitha ayihafu noma amafushane, wona, anobubanzi obuyi-2-4 cm, afana namaqabunga ama-iris ekwakhekeni, ngokusobala ngokucacile, ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
Izimbali zikanokusho zeBelamkand ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence afinyelela “kuminduze” engama-20 lilinye. Ukusakazeka, i-panicle ne-paningles ye-branching kukuvumela ukuthi ubonge ubuhle bezimbali ngazinye. Futhi ngokuvamile zifana kakhulu neminduze, ububanzi bufika ku-7 cm, kuyamangalisa futhi kukhanya kakhulu. "Ama-petals" a-oval, ayindilinga. Izimbali ezinkulu ezivuleka kakhulu ezinamabhuleyini ayi-6 afakwe ezisekelweni zihlukaniswa yi-asymmetry: ama-lobes angaphakathi amafushane kunalawo angaphandle. Imbali ihlotshiswe nge-3 stamens kuphela. Njenge-daylilies, izimbali ze-belamkanda ziyaqhakaza usuku nje olulodwa, kepha lesi sici sicishe sithambekele ngenxa yekhono lokwakha ngokungakhathali okusha. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ku-Belamakhosi, amabhokisi amabhokisi ezithelo angaba ngu-3 cm ubude aboshwe, enezindonga ezondile kunazo zonke.
Maphakathi neRussia, kanye nezifunda ezinobusika obunzima kakhulu, i-Belamkanda blooms ngoJuni, imvamisa kakhulu esondele ekupheleni kwenyanga futhi iphela ngo-Agasti.
Iphalethi lemibala yeBelamkanda alilinganiselwe kumathoni e-orange. Lesi sitshalo sinazo zombili izinhlobo zokunambitheka okuphuzi kanye nefomu le-Purpurea. Kodwa i-leopard lily ihlala iyimbali evuthayo.
I-Domestic noma i-Belamkand Iris iyindlela ye-flavour e-Chinese ephuziweyo yase-China. © Bruce CalvinBelamkanda ekuhlobiseni ukusetshenziswa kwengadi:
- ukudala amabala amangalisayo ngotshani;
- ekwakhiweni kwemingcele;
- endimeni yokugcizelela okuyisimanga emibhedeni yezimbali;
- ekwakhiweni kwemiphetho enezihlahla ezihlotshisiwe ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa nesihlahla;
- ekuqambeni ngokugxila esikalini somlilo;
- endimeni ye-potty accent
Ukulinywa kweBelamkanda ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima
I-iris yasekhaya njenge-perennial yasendulo yenhlabathi evulekile ikhula kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ezindaweni lapho ubusika bunzima khona futhi ehlobo lifushane, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo beBelamkanda bufana necebo lokukhulisa imifantu yaseNdiya. Bangcono ukumba ubusika.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo sibekezelela inani elilinganiselwe lomhlabathi kahle futhi siqhakaza kahle ezimbizeni nasezitsheni, ungazisindisa enkingeni yokumba nokutshala i-belamkanda ngokuqala ukukhula lokhu okuhlala kusiko lembiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulokhu, iBelamera ingatshalwa kokubili njengesitshalo segadi enobusika obushushu efudumele, futhi njengesitshalo esingaphakathi endlini (ukunakekelwa kufana kakhulu ne-amaryllis).
Izimo ezidingekayo eBelamkanda
Naphezu kwesimo sesitshalo, sibukeka kakhulu futhi iqhaza laso njenge-exot, i-Belamam iyipulasitiki impela, iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene kusayithi. Lesi sitshalo sinezidingo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi, kepha azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nezilimo ezibucayi kakhulu ezingadini.
I-Belamkandy - izitshalo ezithambile, kodwa zikwazi ukukhula emthunzini okhanyayo. Uma ukwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-iris yasekhaya nendawo enelanga, khona-ke uzothola umbala ogcwele kakhulu kuwo, kepha isitshalo ngeke sesabe ukuthi shading.
Inhlabathi ye-belamkanda ilungele kuphela uma isimo sokudonswa kwamanzi kahle sihlangatshezwa. Umhlabathi onomswakama omncane, osezingeni eliphakeme, onempilo onomthungo oxegayo futhi ngaphandle kwengozi encane yokugcwala kwamanzi kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga ngezifo ngisho nasehlobo.
Ama-irises abumba izitsha zasendlini adinga izingxenyana ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezinokuthungwa okungaxhunyiwe. Efanelekela ngokuphelele lolu siko ingxube yesihlabathi, i-peat ne-turf ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Ukukhanyisa i-belamkanda emabhodweni kufanele kube okugqamile kakhulu.
Iris ekhaya, noma i-Belamkanda Chinese. © imayardUkufikisa i-Belamkanda
Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapho utshala i-iris yasekhaya ukufakwa komanyolo we-organic enhlabathini. I-Belamkanda ithanda i-humus, kepha ungasebenzisa umquba weklasikhi.
IBelamakhosi itshalwe ngoMeyi, lapho nje izinsongo zokuphinda ziphinda zisabalele. Lapho utshala, kufanelekile ukugcina ibanga elingama-15-20 cm phakathi kwezitshalo.
Belamkanda Ukunakekelwa
Ngisho nowesifazane ohlukile njengoBelamkanda ngeke adinge ukunakekelwa ngenkuthalo. Kwanele ukungakhohlwa ukunxephezela isomiso, ukondla isitshalo ngesikhathi futhi ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuba ibumbane kakhulu.
Ukunisela i-belamkanda kuyadingeka kuphela lapho inani lemvula yemvelo lingazigcwalisi zonke izidingo zomswakama zesitshalo. Ukunisela okwengeziwe ngezinsuku ezishisayo kuzovumela iBelamkanda ukuqhakaza ngokungapheli. Ama-irises abumba okwenziwa ngaphakathi adinga i-systemic ehlelekile, kepha futhi yokunisela okulinganiselayo, phakathi lapho isakhi esingaphansi komhlaba kufanele kuvunyelwe ukuthi ome hhayi phezulu kuphela, kepha futhi kungqimba oluphakathi.
Isu lokuphakela futhi lincike ngqo ohlotsheni lokutshala. Emhlabathini weBelamand, izinqubo ezimbalwa kuphela ezidingeka ngesizini ngayinye:
- ukwethulwa komanyolo we-organic ngesikhathi sokutshala;
- izingubo ezimbili eziphezulu ezinomanyolo ogcwele esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo nangaphambi kokuqhakaza.
I-belamkandy ebilisiwe iphekelwa ngomanyolo ogcwele wezimbiwa noma eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhula, njalo emavikini ama-2, kusetshenziswa ingxenye ejwayelekile yomanyolo. Isu elisetshenziselwa ukugqoka ngaphezulu okuphezulu (njalo emavikini ama-2-3) lingasetshenziselwa i-belamkand engadini enhlabathini, lizisusele ngokuphelele endaweni yesibili yohlelo lwe-classical.
ILeopard Lily, noma i-Domestic Iris. © Karl GercensUkumba kanye nobusika be-Iris Domestica
I-belamkanda edumile ayikubekezeleli ubusika obungazinzile, obusika obungenamakhaza kanye nesithwathwa esinamandla. Eminyakeni ephumelelayo, eneqhwa eliningi, ingadlula emhlabathini, kepha isikhathi esiningi ayihlali ebusika kulayini ophakathi nendawo. Ukuze ungadlali i-"roulette" ne-belamkanda, kungcono ukumba isitshalo ngokushesha ebusika. Njengoba i-iris yasekhaya ingakuthandi ukufakelwa, ukumbiwa kwenziwa kanye nesigaxa esikhulu sobumba, ngaphandle kokuwubhubhisa nangaphandle kokuthinta izimpande zesitshalo. I-belam ebunjiwe imane ifakwe emabhodweni noma ezitsheni ihlanzelwe ubusika kulezo zakhiwo. Kepha uma uneqoqo elikhulu, zama ukuhlola bese ushiya isitshalo esisodwa emhlabathini: baningi abalimi eKazakhstan nase-Ukraine abangaziqhayisa ngokukhula okuhle kwe-belamkanda ngaphandle kokumba ngisho nangezikhathi ezingaphumeleli kakhulu.
Izimo ezinhle zokubanda ubusika i-Belamkanda - ngaphakathi. Lokhu ubuhle buthanda ubusika emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-18 kuya ku-23 degrees. Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kufanele kuhambisane nesigaba sokuphumula: I-Belamkanda ayinamanzi kangako, zisebenzisa inani elincane lamanzi kuphela ukusekela ukusebenza kwezimpande.
IBelamkanda ibuyiselwa ukuze ivule inhlabathi entwasahlobo lapho inhlabathi ifudumala.
Ubusika buhlwelwe amakamela ebusika kanye nokumbiwe emhlabathini. Futhi imigomo yokuthuthwa eya ezakhiweni zalesi sitshalo ingahlukile kuneyokuqala.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Ukuphela kwento esongela amaBelamkands kusiko lengadi ukubola. Lesi sitshalo sesaba ukugcotshwa kwamanzi okuncane, okuholela ngokushesha emonakalweni we-rhizome kanye nesisekelo amahlumela. Izinambuzane ze-iris yasekhaya azesabeki.
Ikhaya Iris (Iris domestica), noma iChinese Belamkanda (Belamcanda chinensis). © Laura BlanchardUkuzalela kukaBelamkanda
Iris yasekhaya izala kalula. Kulesi sitshalo, ungasebenzisa:
- indlela yembewu;
- ukwehlukaniswa okuyisiqalo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlukanise amadala abantu abadala, abanamandla beBelamkanda ngasentwasahlobo nasekwindla (lapho nje ukuqeda kwezimbali sekuqediwe). Kokwahlukaniswa ngakunye, okungenani amahlumela ama-2-3 neqhubu elinamandla lezimpande kufanele lishiywe. Abathengisi beBelamkanda batshalwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, bengakhohlwa ukufaka ingxenye yakudala yomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo lapho betshala.
Imbewu yeBelamkanda itholakala emhlabathini ovulekile maphakathi nekwindla (isikhathi esikahle ngo-Okthoba) nasentwasahlobo yezithombo. Esikhathini sesibili, sokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-iris yasekhaya, kuzodingeka imbewu e-strat inyanga eyi-1 (kungcono ukuyifeza ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ukubeka iziqukathi esiqandisini). Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela izithombo nguFebhuwari noma uMashi. Noma iyiphi isendlalelo esingamasheleli futhi esikanyiswe kahle, ukufudumala nokukhanya okugqamile kuyifanele iBelamkanda. Lapho inhlabathi yomile, kubalulekile ukuyinkcenkceshela ngokucophelela, futhi lapho izitshalo zikhipha amaqabunga ama-2 angempela, kudingeka kudayiliselwe ezitsheni ezihlukile. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zingatshalwa ngoMeyi kuphela.
