I-Bearded irises - i-parade ekhanyayo

Lapho kuqala ihlobo kufika umbuso wezimbali zasehlobo zokuqala - ama-irises. Lezi zimbali zisijabulisa kakhulu ngokuqhakaza kwazo ngesikhathi sokuduma kwehlobo, emva kwalokho kwavela uthingo lwemisebe enemibala esibhakabhakeni.

Izinganekwane zabantu abaningi bomhlaba zinikezelwe ku-Iris, futhi izimbali zabo ezinhle ziyakhokhiswa intela. Lezi zimbali, zisuka emhlophe qhwa kuya komnyama okhanyayo, zibonisa yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka. Izimbali zikhipha igama lazo ku-botanist - usomatekisi uKarl Linnaeus, owanikeza igama elinjalo ku-irises ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi wasendulo wamaGrikhi uthingo - u-Irida. Wayeyindodakazi kaTavmant no-Okeanida Electra. AmaGrikhi asendulo, njengamaRoma, abheka u-Irida umlamuleli phakathi konkulunkulu nabantu, okuthi njengothingo, oluzelwe emva kwemvula, kuxhuma izulu nomhlaba. AmaGrikhi asendulo abizwa ngokuthi i-rainbow iris, futhi ngenxa yalokho imbali, efana nothingo ngombala, yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi i-iris, ibheka izimbali njengezingcezu zothingo oluwele phansi.

Izimbali zesimanje zinezinhlobo ezingama-300 ze-iris, kepha irises enentshebe idume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, sekudalwe izinhlobo ezingama-35,000. Ngokutshala ingadi yomhlobiso, izingadi ezincane zaseSiberia nezaseJapan nazo zikhulile.

Ama-irises ane-Bearded ane "nentshebe" emaphayini aphansi - umucu we-villi obucayi, ovame ukwehluka ngombala wembali. Imbali "iyizitezi ezimbili", amacembe ayisithupha ahlelwe emabhulini amabili: amathathu aqhakaza idome, bese kuthi amathathu anciphise izindwani. Ngombala nokuceba kwama-shades, ama-irises ancintisana nothingo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlanganisa imibala.

Iqembu elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Bearded irises lingele-subgenus Iris, engxenyeni ye-Iris.
Isigaba lesi simele iqembu eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi liyathakazelisa. I-Rhizome ye-thickenings ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ekhanyayo yonyaka - izixhumanisi, ezijule kancane enhlabathini noma ezinwakazayo ngaphezu komphandle wawo, zikhula ziye ezinhlangothini futhi zakha uthango olungaqinile. Izixhumanisi zingaminyene futhi zingabi nalutho, amaqabunga esisekelo abanzi. Imbali inkulu, inombala ogqamile. Ukubukwa kwesigaba kuphawulwa ngokuba khona ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle zentshebe yezinwele eziningi, kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya korenji omnyama ngombala, omhlophe nokumfushane. Bonke abameleli balesigaba bahlobisa kakhulu.

Uhlobo lwezinhlobo zohlobo - Iris waseJalimane (Iris Germanyica.) Wachazwa nguK. Linney ngo-1753. Kuyivelakancane ngokwemvelo. Ezivandeni, nzalo yama-iris waseJalimane, i-iris ebunjiwe, futhi, njengomthetho, isikhulile. motley nabanye. Ngakho-ke, kunembile ngokwengeziwe ukubabiza ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid iris (Iris hybrida hort.).

Izinhlobo

I-whitish iris - Iris albicans.

Isuka eNhlonhlo YaseArabia, lapho kusukela kudala isikhumbuzo sakhona saba khona esikweni lama-Arabhu njengendawo engapheli yezingadi zasekhaya namathuna. Kusuka kuma-Arabhu eza eSpain futhi asakazeka kakhulu emazweni aseMedithera. Ungomunye wabasunguli bezinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo 1. hybrida hort.

Cishe ku-I. Germanyica. Ihlukaniswa yi-peduncle emfishane, amaqabunga asisekelo abanzi, acishe afinyezwe ubude ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, kanye nesimo sendawo yokuhlala yangaphandle: ezimbalini eziphilayo, zibonakala ziphezulu ngenxa yemikhawulo yamapuleti awo asongwe ngaphakathi (uphawu lwezinhlobo). Umbala wezimbali umhlophe kakhulu, nokho, enye yalezi zinhlobo inezimbali ezinombala onsomi.

U-Iris Alberta - u-Iris albertii.

Izinhlobo zase-Asia Ephakathi. Ihanjiswa kuTien Shan. Ezansi kwethafa leTrans-Ili Alatau, i-Alai neFerghana kufinyelela ukuphakama okungu-1700-2000 m ngaphezu kwezinga. m nangaphezulu. I-Endem (isb. Izindawo ezincanyana zibonisa uhlobo lwezinhlobo).

Cishe ayitholakali emasikweni. Amaqabunga anamehlo abanzi, onsomi-violet ezansi. I-Peduncle ukuya kuma-60 cm amade, ihlotshwe phezulu. Izimbali zingububende, zingaphansi kaningi - zimhlophe, zingenaphunga, ngesilinganiso esingu-3-5. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi nangoJuni; izithelo ngo-Agasti. Ibhokisi liyi-cylindrical, ngaphandle kwezimbambo ezibonakalayo. Imbewu nsundu.

Ubusika -qinile. Kunconywe amaslayidi anamadwala kanye nemingcele yokuxuba.

Iris Iris - Iris aphylla.

Ukubukeka kwaseYurophu. Kusatshalaliswe kabanzi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia: Isifunda saseVolga-Don, esifundeni iTrans-Volga. Ngaphandle kweRussia - eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ikhula kakhulu emahlahleni, ngasemaphethelweni, emahlathini amahlathi, kule nhlabathi evundile noma enamadwala. Amaqabunga ebusika awawa ngokuphelele, entwasahlobo abonakala ngemuva kwezinyawo. Kungakho igama lezinhlobo - lingenamaqabunga.

Ifakwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yeRussian Federation njengohlobo olusengozini, olusengozini yokuphela. Ivikelwe ezindaweni ezingcwele zezifunda zaseMoscow, Rostov naseSaratov. Kwethulwe ukwethulwa eMoscow, Stavropol, eSt. Petersburg, eChita. Kubonisa imiphumela eqinile ngaphandle kwebanga.

Isitshalo sangemvelo esinomphimbo ocijile kuze kufike ku-2 cm ubukhulu. Amacembe aqondile-xiphoid afinyelela ku-45 cm ubude, avame ukugcotshwa yisikhu, emaphethelweni ancishiselwe endaweni ekhombe kuyo. Ngobusika, amaqabunga ayashabalala, okwatholakala ukuthi izinhlobo zawo zazingenamahlamvu. Ama-Peduncle branching avela ezisekelweni, aze afike ku-50 cm amade, ngokuvamile athela izimbali ezingama-3-5 ezinombala okhanyayo onsomi, aze afike ku-7 cm kuwo wonke. Isisekelo sezimbali simbozwa amaqabunga avuthiwe, anamaqabunga e-wrapper. I-Perianth ilungile, ineshubhu elincane nemilenze enezingxenye eziyisithupha. Ezindongeni zangaphandle ezimboze kancane kukhona amhlophe, aphuzi noma amadevu e-lilac ezinwele eziningi. Iqhakaza ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izithelo ziyibhokisi le-cylindrical. Ubusika -qinile.

Ngaphakathi kobubanzi, inika inani elikhulu lamafomu ahlukile ngosayizi wamaqabunga, izici ze-branching of peduncle, usayizi nombala wama-boll. EMoldova, kunezindlela ezinamabhokisi enombala obomvu onsomi okhanyayo.

U-Iris Astrakhan - Iris astrachanica.

Itholakala emithambekeni yemishayo, ethafeni elomile phakathi kwamazinga asogwadule asezindaweni ezisempumalanga eStavropol, Kalmykia, kanye nezindawo zemifula iVolga ne-Ural eduze kolwandle lweCaspian.

Uhlobo luncane ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, mhlawumbe lwendabuko ye-hybrid (I. Pumilaxl. Scariosaxl. Timofejewii). Ihluke ku-I. scariosa ekwakhekeni kwama-impova okusanhlamvu (okugcina kungamaselula ku- I. scariosa kanye ne-warty ku- I. astrachanica) nakunani lama-chromosomes asezitokisini. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; kuthela izithelo ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kuboniswa ukwanda kokuqina, izimbali ezinombala ogqamile, noma izimbali ezinemibala eminingi, kuyathakazelisa njenge-iris emngcele we-iris, kanye nezinto zokwakheka.

U-Iris uvunyelwe noma unezimpondo - u-Iris furcata.

Izinhlobo zaseCaucasus, ezimelelwa yinqwaba encane yengxenye encane yasenyakatho yebanga endaweni yeRussia North Caucasus. Ikhula ezigangeni ezansi emithambekeni yokuvezwa okuhlukahlukene, ukukhanyisa kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi. Ezindaweni ezomile, ezivulekele emithanjeni yezintaba yelanga, emithambekeni yotshani, eqoqweni lamahlathi kufika kumamitha angama-2200. Kukhona izitshalo ezine-peduncle eyodwa enezimbali, ezivame ukuba yiphutha ngezitshalo eziyi-1. pumila. Njengomphumela wokuqhakaza kwezimbali kamuva, i-furcata imvamisa ayakhiqizi nzalo ehlanzekile ezindaweni zokukhula ngokubambisana ne-I. pumila. Ifakwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yeStavropol Territory njengokuqabukela. Akukho okugciniwe okuvikelwe. Kwethulwe ukwethulwa eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, eStavropol. Kubonisa imiphumela eqinile ngaphandle kwebanga.

Kuhle i-hybridization (njengefomu lobaba) nezinye izinhlobo zezinsimbi zentshebe, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zazo, njengoba iphikelela ekudluliseleni izimpawu.

Ezintabeni eziseNyakatho Caucasus, kutholakala izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-furcata, eziqukethe izikhathi ezingama-2 chrososomes ezingcenyeni ezingaphansi kwezitshalo ze-1. aphylla (2n = 48) ezifundeni zamahlathi ezingxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia. ETranscaucasia, izitshalo eziphakathi kuka-I. furcata no-I. uhlobo lwe-aphylla zivame ukubonwa.

Iris waseJalimane - u-Iris germanica.

Kuchazwe eJalimane ngekhulu le-XIX. ngokuya ngephethini yesiko. Kuyivelakancane ngokwemvelo. 3. T. Artyushenko watholakala eTranscarpathia, eduzane naseVinogradovo, eNtabeni iBlack.

Amaqabunga anamehlo abanzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - angama-35- 40 (50) cm ubude, angama-20-30 mm ububanzi. I-Peduncle branched, ilingana noma yinde kunamaqabunga - 40-100 cm ubude. Izimbali zinkulu, zinsomi-nsomi, zinephunga elimnandi eliqinile, elinentshebe ephuzi noma ekhanyayo. Ibhokisi lingama-oval-oval. Imbewu insundu emnyama, igoqekile. Kuqhakaza ngoJuni; uthela izithelo ngo-Agasti.

I-Bluish Iris - Iris glaucescens.

Izinhlobo zimelelwa abantu abambalwa abatholakala eRussia emngceleni wobubanzi bawo. E-Russia, ikhula eningizimu ye-Western Siberia. Ngaphandle kweRussia - eCentral Asia (Kazakhstan), eMongolia (enyakatho-ntshonalanga), eChina (enyakatho-ntshonalanga). Ikhula ezinsikeni zomhlonyane-umfudlana otshanini obomile, esihlabathini solonetzic, stony esomile nasemithambekeni amnandi. Ifakiwe ezincwadini zeRed Red esifundeni sase-Omsk njengesilwane esivele sanyamalala, kanye ne-Altai Territory njengesiqhelo. Akukho neyodwa indawo yokubhuka noma yemvelo yokugcina isimo sikahulumeni kanye ne-republican evikelwe.

Izinhlobo aziqondakali kahle ngaphandle kwendawo ekhulayo. Yaziswa kaningana eBarnaul, eNovosibirsk, eSt. Petersburg (ebusika ngaphandle kokukhosela), i-Ufa (ukudluliselwa kwamasodisi, ama-rhizomes, imbewu), kepha kwakunzima ukuyitshala. Ezimweni zesiko, uvame ukuhlanza, ahlupheke ngokugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. Ukutshala okunconyiwe ezindaweni eziphakeme ezomile. Uhlobo luyigugu kakhulu ngomqondo wokuhlobisa ngenxa yemvelo yezinhlobo ze-polychrome kanye nesimo esihle samaqabunga agobile agobile. Ingasetshenziswa njengentwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo yama-slide anamadwala. Ekukhetheni akazange ahlanganyele.

U-Iris pale - u-Iris pallida.

Ikhula endle eningizimu ye-Western Europe (Alps).

Amaqabunga angama-xiphoid, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-wax, aze afike ku-60 cm ubude. I-Peduncle ukuya kuma-80 cm amade, igatsha engxenyeni ephezulu. Izimbali zinkulu, zicishe zibe ntekenteke, zinamakha, zibomvana okwesibhakabhaka. Amahlamvu e-wrappers filmy. Iqhakaza ngoJuni. Izithelo ngo-Agasti.
Ukwesaba ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ama-rhizomes ayo omisiwe abizwa ngokuthi impande ye-violet. Ebusika behamba ngemigwaqo ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Izithelo ziyigobolondo engapheli, engunxantathu enezinhlamvu eziningi. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1827.

Amafomu athuthukisiwe asanda kufakwa ngempumelelo emasimini wezimboni e-Italy nase. UFlorentine, njengoba banikeza isivuno esikhudlwana se- "violet izimpande". Wabuye wethulwa kaninginingi kusuka e-Italy naseFrance emapulazini abalulekile kawoyela eCrimea naseMoldova. Ungomunye wokhokho abaphambili bama-irises otshaliwe weqembu elide elinentshebe. Kudluliswa njalo phakathi kwezimpawu zokuxubanisa inzalo: ukwakheka kwesiqhumane, iphunga elimnandi lezimbali, umjikelezo ophakeme ongagadliwe. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho nentshonalanga engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, iwela kalula emasikweni, ngoba yesaba inhlabathi enomswakama ngokweqile, futhi idinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika.

Dwarf Iris - Iris pumila.

I-Dry turf-utshani kanye ne-feather grass-wormwood steppes, i-stony, imithambeka evame ukubeletha, izihlabathi kanye nama-solonetzes (var. Aequiloba Ledeb.) Ezindawo ezifudumele nezisenyakatho ezisuka eCentral Europe kuya ezigodini eziseningizimu zezintaba ze-Ural (empumalanga yebanga kuya eMfuleni iTobol) . Ngokuvamile i-steppe geophyte, okuyingxenye ye-fescue-feather grass steppes, nokho, iningi labantu livame ukuya kuma-saline depressions - "ezansi", lapho baba yizingxenye zezimila zasogwadule.

Ifakwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zeRussian Federation kanye neRostov Region njengohlobo olusengozini, olusengozini yokuphela. Kunabantu abane ezindaweni zokuhlala (Astrakhan, Galichya Gora, Zhigulevsky, Khopersky).

I-Leathery iris - u-Iris scariosa.

Izinhlobo ze-Endemic European-Caucasian (Caspian). Ingxenye eyinhloko yebanga isendaweni esenyakatho nentshonalanga nangasentshonalanga yezwe laseCaspian (esifundeni i-Astrakhan, Kalmykia) nase-Eastern Ciscaucasia. Umngcele osenyakatho ufinyelela cishe. I-Elton, empumalanga yehlela emfuleni ophansi. Volga ne-p. Kuma; oseningizimu ugijimela esigudla iNogai; esentshonalanga - ngasempumalanga ye-Ergeni nasePikalausky. Ikhula enhlabathini enenhlabathi eyi-solonetzic emithambekeni, kumapula owomile, phakathi kwamafolokhi asogwadule, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike esihlabathini ...

Ifakiwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zeRussian Federation, iStavropol Territory kanye neRostov Region njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, ezisengozini yokuphela. Omunye wabantu abavikelwe indawo yokubekisa i-Astrakhan.

Iris Varigated - Iris variegata.

Emithambekeni eyamadwala eyomile, phakathi kwezihlahlana, emahlathini, emihlathini yamahlathi, emaphethelweni amahlathi ama-oki eningizimu yesifunda esishisayo saseCentral Europe, iBalkan, eningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMoldova (engafakwanga ohlwini lwezimbali zaseMoldova) esifundeni sase-Izmail.

Amaqabunga abanzi noma ayi-xiphoid ebanzi noma emugqeni, ingama-25-40 cm ububanzi, ububanzi obuqondile noma obugobele kancane, obhoboza obude bubonakala maphakathi nengxenye yepuleti, alingana noma aphansi kune-peduncle. I-Peduncle 45-50 (60) cm ubude, Engxenyeni engenhla emfishane. Izimbali zinkulu, zingamasentimitha angama-3-5 cm., Ngaphandle kwephunga, zivuthwa kakhulu: i-perianth yangaphandle ihlala inethiwekhi yamathambo abomvu ansundu, ahlangana ekugcineni kwepuleti endaweni eyodwa evamile; ama-lobes angaphakathi anombala ophuzi noma ophuzi wegolide. Ibhokisi selishonile. Imbewu ilula noma inombala onsundu, ifinywe kahle. Iqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Izithelo ngo-Agasti.

UFlorentine Iris - u-Iris florentina.

Uhlobo lwentshebe yomsuka we-hybrid. I-peduncle igqinsiwe, ifinyelela kuma-70 cm amade, ithwala imhlophe ngo-5-7 ngombala wezimbali ezinamakha. Amacembe ngimpunga, xiphoid omkhulu. Iqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ayinikezi imbewu, isabalalisa kuphela ngokuhlanzayo. Akunzima ngokwanele. Ngokwesiko lekhulu le-XV.

Izici Ezikhulayo

Indawo: izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, ezinomoya. Ungatshala izitshalo ezindaweni ezinomthunzi omnyama, kepha ama-irises angama-varietal angama-Photophilous.

Inhlabathi: ukukhanya noma okuphakathi ngokwakhiwa kwemishini, kuvundile impela, kulinywe kumuntu ongaphansi kuka-20 cm futhi kukhishwe kahle, pH 6.5-7.5. Emhlabathini ogcwele izinto eziphilayo, izitshalo zithuthukisa inqwaba yezimila ezinamandla ezilimaza izimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanaso isikhathi sokuqeda ukukhula ekwindla futhi bahlushwa yizifo zokukhunta. Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi ethambile nethambile nge-1 m2, kunconywa ukufaka ama-8-10 kg we-humus, i-10 g ye-nitrogen ne-15-20 g we-phosphate kanye nomanyolo we-potassium.

Ukunakekela: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi idedelwa ekujuleni kwama-5-8 cm bese kufakwa uketshezi oluphezulu lwe-phosphorus-potassium (10-12 g ye-superphosphate ne-10 g ye-potassium sulfate nge-1 m2). Njengoba ama-rhizomes atholakala eduze kwenhlabathi, ukugqoka phezulu okwomile kungcono ukungafaki. Ukugqoka kwe-nitrogen yokuqala (10 g / m2) kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula ngamandla kwamaqabunga, owesibili (10 g / m2) ngokufakwa kwe-10-15 g ye-phosphorus kanye ne-20 g yamanyolo we-potassium nge-1 m2 ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali futhi ngokushesha nje lapho seliqediwe, izitshalo zinikezwa umquba we-phosphorus (15-20 g / m2) kanye nomanyolo we-potash (20-25 g / m2).

Emhlabathini ongavundile, phakathi kwegagasi lesibili lokukhula kohlelo lwempande (ishumi lesibili lika-Agasti), kanye ne-phosphorus nge-1 m2 (25-30 g ye-superphosphate) ne-potash (15-18 g ye-potassium sulfate), kufakwa umanyolo we-nitrogen (8-10 g we-ammonium nitrate). Ukugqokwa kokugcina okuphezulu ngomanyolo we-phosphoric (15-20 g) kanye ne-potash (10-15 g) kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Le ngubo ephezulu inomthelela ekwakhekeni okungcono kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwama-buds akhiqizayo, kanye nokuhlala ngokujulile kobusika, okwenza izitshalo zikwazi ukubekezelela kangcono izimo zobusika obubi futhi zingabi nezinkinga zezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane.

Ngemuva kwezimbali, amahlumela aqhakaza izimbali ayasuswa. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, ukhula nokhula kwenhlabathi kuyenziwa. Ekwindla, amaqabunga athenwa endaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-10 cm. Izinhlobo ezintsha, ikakhulukazi ezikhethiwe zaseMelika, zifakwe ebusika nge-peat, humus, embozwe ngamaqabunga namagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. Endaweni eyodwa ingakhula ibe yiminyaka emi-5.

Izifo nezinambuzane: irises ingathinteka ngenxa yokugqwala, i-heterosporiosis, i-grey rot, i-bulisous iris fusarium, ukubola okumanzi, igciwane le-mosaic, ama-aphid, ama-gladiolus thrips, ama-slugs, i-anyanisi beetle, i-onion mite, i-sitrobheli, isiqu kanye nenyongo.