Ngubani kithi ongakaze azame le berry enhle kangaka? Futhi yeka ijamu etholakala kuma-gooseberries! Lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezivame kakhulu ezingadini zethu futhi, ngokungangabazeki, ngesinye sezithandwa kakhulu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphambilini kwehlukaniswe phakathi kohlobo lwezinhlobo ezimbili: I-Currant (Izinsolo) no-Gooseberry (Grossularia) Kumazwibela asatshalaliswa kabanzi, uhlobo olulodwa lwe-Ribes kuphela oluqashelwayo. Ukufana kwesiphambano phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-currants nama-gooseberries, ekugcineni, kuholele emcabangweni wohlobo olulodwa. Konke okudingeka ukuba umlimi azi ngokutshala ama-gooseberries - ukutshala, ukunakekela, ukukhiqiza kabusha - kulesi sihloko.
Amajikijolo amajikijoloIncazelo yeBotanical
Ugqumugqumunoma ugqumugqumu owenqatshiwe, noma ugqumugqumu waseYurophu (I-Ribes uva-crispa) - uhlobo lwezitshalo ze-subgenus Grossularia (Ugqumugqumu), i-genus Currant (Izinsimbi), umndeni we-gooseberry (Grossulariaceae).
Kungu shrub omncane kuze kufike ku-1-1.2 m ukuphakama, ngamagxolo amnyama grey noma amnyama ansundu. Amagatsha ahlukaniswe kathathu, okuvame kakhulu - imithombo elula yamaqabunga emvelaphi yamaqabunga. Amahlumela amasha ayindilinga, aluhlaza okotshani, otshalwe ngezinzipho ezinenalithi ezincane namachashazi amnyama amnyama. Isigaxa seqabunga sinezimpawu ezintathu. Ama-buds ansundu, ambozwe izikali eziningi ezibomvu, emaphethelweni ngezinwele ezimhlophe ze-pubescent. Izinso zihlala emaxekeni wameva (izinhlaka) noma ngaphezulu kwemithambo yethathu.
Amaqabunga angenamaqabunga, ayindilinga noma i-ovate yenhliziyo, aze afike ku-6 cm ubude, ama-pubescent amafushane futhi abuthuntu. Iqabunga leqabunga elinama-3-5 blade kanye nomphetho oshisayo. Izimbali zi-bisexual, greenish noma zibomvu, zodwa noma ziyi-2 kuma-axils amaqabunga. I-Hypanthium, efana namathuna, yi-pubescent. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi.
Gooseberries Roseley (Ribes roezlii).
Izithelo-amajikijolo, okusaqanda noma cishe okuyindilinga, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ubude, acwebezelayo noma amfushane, anemithambo enophawu kahle. Luhlaza, ophuzi noma onsomi. Ukuvula ngoJuni-Agasti.
Ukukhetha indawo ongatshala kuyo ama-gooseberries
I-Gooseberry i-Photophilous, idinga ukutshala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga, zivikelwe emimoyeni enamandla. Isabela kahle ekuzaleni kwenhlabathi. Akubekezeleli ukugcotshwa kwamanzi (impande yokubola kwentamo), kungcono kakhulu ukubekezelela isomiso sesikhashana. Futhi akathandi amanzi asondelene nomhlaba - kufiseleka ukuthi izinga labo lingabi seduze kuka-1.5 m ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Uma amanzi asemhlabeni ephakeme ngaphezu kwe-0.8 m, khona-ke isihlahla kufanele sitshaleke phezu komcamelo womhede womhlabathi obude obungu-0.3-0,5 m nobubanzi obungu-0.8-1 m.
Uma singekho isikhala samahhala esakhiweni, ungabeka ugqumugqumu phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo ezincane, kepha ibanga ukusuka ezihlahleni ukuya ezihlahleni kufanele okungenani libe yi-2 m. Ungatshala futhi nama-gooseberry emngceleni wesiza noma eceleni kocingo ukuze izindawo ezihlalwayo zihlukaniswe nezakhiwo uthango ngaphansi kuka-1.5 m.
Ama-Gooseberry akhetha inhlabathi elula eyisisekelo. Uma inhlabathi endaweni inesihlabathi noma ubumba olunzima, engeza ubumba noma isihlabathi, ngokulandelana. Akayithandi inhlabathi ene-acidified. Uma inkomba ye-acidity (pH) ingaphezulu kuka-5.5, khona-ke i-lime iyengezwa ekutshaleni - okungenani i-200 g nge-1 sq. Km. m. Ukuze i-gooseberry ikhule futhi ikhule kahle, umhlaba osendaweni yokutshala kumele ukalwe ngokucophelela.
Akukalulekanga ukuthi utshale isihlahlana endaweni lapho ama-currants noma ama-raspberry akhula khona ngaphambi kwalokho - inhlabathi izoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi izifo kanye nezinambuzane ezivame kulezi zitshalo nakanjani zizowela phezu "okusha".
Ukutshala i-Gooseberry
Ama-gooseberry angatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kepha usuku lokutshala olungcono kakhulu ukwindla (kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba), ngoba ekwindla sekwedlule izitshalo ezitshaliwe ziyakwazi ukuthatha izimpande futhi zakhe izimpande ezintsha. Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, isilinganiso sokusinda nokukhula kwamahlumela kwesinye isikhathi kubi kakhulu.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-gooseberry iyinhlanganisela, akunakuphikiswa ukuthi i-weave, ngakho-ke kudingeka uyihlanze kahle indawo ekwindla ngaphambi kokutshala ukhula oluhluma izimpande, ngokuyinhloko utshani bukakolweni.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekuqaleni kwekwindla, bamba uzungu ngaphansi kwe-gooseberry, bakhetha ngokucophelela wonke ama-rhizomes okhula. Ngemuva kokumba, inhlabathi idonswa ngokucophelela ngephedi enamazinyo ensimbi, iphule yonke imichilo yomhlaba.
Ngokutshala kwekwindla, imigodi ngaphansi kwe-gooseberry ayimbiwa emavikini angama-2-3, ukuze inhlabathi ibe nesikhathi sokuzinza. Amapayipi ambiwa ngokujula nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-50. Ingqimba ephezulu evundile ibekwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungqimba olungenamikhawulo olungaphansi kolunye. Ngemuva kwalokho engeza ku-inqwaba evundile: i-8-10 kg ye-humus noma umquba ojikeleze kahle, i-50 g ye-superphosphate ephindwe kabili, 40 g we-potassium sulfate. Zonke izakhi zihlangana kahle. La manyolo anele izitshalo iminyaka emithathu. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, khona-ke ibhakede eli-1 lesihlabathi semifula ehlanganisiwe longezwa emgodini.
Ekutshaleni, kusetshenziswe izithombo ezingahlanzeki ngokuphelele, ezinempilo zonyaka noma ezinempilo ezinesistimu eyenziwe kahle (enezimpande okungenani ezingama-25-30 cm ubude) nengxenye emhlabathini yamahlumela aqinile ayi-3-4. Lapho utshala izithombo ezinjalo, izitshalo ziqala ukuthela izithelo ekuqaleni. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izingxenye ezonakalisiwe noma ezomile zezimpande namagatsha zisuswa ezitshalweni. Ungacwilisa izimpande ngosuku olulodwa kumanyolo we-liquid organic: wezipuni ezi-3-4 ze-sodium humate ku-5 amalitha amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izimpande zinezimpande ngokushesha.
I-Gooseberry bush kanye namajikijoloIsitshalo sitshalwe ngqo noma kancane ngesithambeka ngokujula kwentamo yezimpande ku-5-6 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi. Baqinisekisa ukuthi izimpande zisatshalaliswa kahle. Ngemuva kwaloko, ubambe sitjalo ngesiqu, timphandze timboze ngemhlabatsi. Umhlaba ophonswe ezimpandeni uhlanganiswa kancane kancane. Kulokhu, lesi yisithombo sinyakaziswa kancane ukuze umhlaba ugcwalise ngokulinganayo zonke izikhala ezizungeze izimpande.
Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umgodi, izitshalo ziyaniselwa, cishe ngebhakede lamanzi emgodini, bese isikhala ngaphansi kwesihlahla sifakwa nge-peat eyomile noma i-humus ngesendlalelo esingu-2-3 cm ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka komswakama futhi kuvikele ukwakheka kokuqhuma. Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo zinqunywa kusuka kwisithombo, zishiya ama -hlamvu angama-6,6 ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Gooseberry
Ukunakekelwa kwe-gooseberry kwehla ekuthengeni, kumanyolo, ukuchelela, ukukhulula, ukhula, izinambuzane nezifo. Ama-gooseberries okuthoba ayenziwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula: ekwindla sekwedlule noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Izingxenye ezinobubanzi obungaphezulu kuka-8-10 mm kufanele zimbozwe nge-var. Ukulwa nezifo nezilokazane ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, eqhweni, izihlahla ze-gooseberry ezivela kuthambisa zingathelwa ngamanzi abilayo, njalo ngesifutho. NgoMeyi, kuyadingeka ukumba inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla futhi ngaphansi kwazo futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukufaka umanyolo nge-nitrogen ne-potassium fertilization kanye / noma nokufakwa komquba oxutshwe nomngcele womqhele wesihlahla bese ubuyela emuva kancane.
Ugqumugqumu
Isihlahla se-Gooseberry sithela izithelo iminyaka eyi-10-15 noma ngaphezulu futhi sithwala izakhi zomzimba ezivela enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivuno esiphakeme kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwaminyaka yonke komanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral kuyadingeka: kwesigamu ibhakede lomquba - 50 g we-superphosphate, 25 g we-potassium sulfate, 25 g we-ammonium sulfate. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esikhulu esidala esikhulu, isilinganiso somanyolo siphindwe kabili.
Ngaphansi kwesihlahla, inhlabathi kufanele ikhululwe, imboze umanyolo; bamba inhlabathi ngaphandle komqhele ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali nangemva kwamanye amasonto angama-2-3, ukufaka umanyolo ngesisombululo se-mullein (1: 5) kwenziwa ngesilinganiso se-5-10 l ngesihlahla ngasinye.
Esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo, kubalulekile ukuqapha umswakama womhlabathi. Izihlahla zikajamujolo kufanele ziniselwe ngaphansi kwempande, lokhu kunciphisa izehlakalo zezitshalo. Musa ukunisela izitshalo ngokufafaza, ikakhulukazi amanzi abandayo.
Ukuze uthole ama-gooseberries amakhulu ama-dessert, kuthathwa okuqala kwasehlobo kwehlobo amahlumela aluhlaza, angadingeki ukukhula, kuyenziwa.
Bashiya amaqabunga ama-5-6 ne-berry eyodwa ebhulashi ngalinye. Ngenxa yale nqubo, izithelo ezinkulu ze-gooseberry zingatholakala. Amagatsha asikiwe ayashiswa ukukhiqiza umlotha noma kuhlanganiswe ngenqwaba yomquba.
I-Gooseberry izithelo efihlekile ibekwe engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Ngakho-ke, lapho sivuna, kufanele sikhumbule futhi sinakekele isivuno sonyaka olandelayo, i.e. hlinzeka ngamabhasi ngokudla kanye nomswakama ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukuqoqwa kanye nokugcinwa kwama-gooseberries
Ama-gooseberry, ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo zomhlanga, zivunwa ezigabeni ezihlukile zokuvuthwa. Ngokucutshungulwa kwejamu, amajikijolo akhethwa kangcono esigabeni sokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, lapho esasebenza kanzima, kepha asesitholile isimilo sombala wamajikijolo avuthiwe ale nhlobonhlobo. Futhi ukusetshenziswa okusha, amajikijolo akhethwa lapho esefinyelele ukuvuthwa okugcwele: bese ethambile futhi emnandi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukunikeza izinhlobo ezinezithelo eziphuzi, ezimhlophe nezibomvu ukuvuthwa esihlahleni ukuze zithole umbala ogqamile kakhulu.
Ugqumugqumu
Ugqumugqumu
Ugqumugqumu
Ama-Gooseberries awabizwa ngephutha abizwa ngokuthi "amagilebhisi asenyakatho". Amajikijolo awo acishe akhumbuze amagilebhisi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, akhiqiza iwayini, elibhekwa njengelingcono kakhulu phakathi kwezithelo newayini lejikijolo futhi lisondele kumagilebhisi ngekhwalithi. Ekhaya, ukulungiselela iwayini le-dessert kusuka ku-gooseberries kulula kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza cishe inani elilinganayo lamanzi kanye nama-350 amagremu kashukela kwilitha lejusi elihlanzekile. Ngokulandelayo, iwayini lilungiswa ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile. Iba ngokuvumelanayo futhi ithambe ngokunambitheka ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Gooseberry
Ama-Gooseberries angatshalwa ngembewu, izingqimba, ukusikwa okuluhlaza. Ngokusakazeka kwembewu, izinhlamvu ezihlukile kufanele zigcinwe. Iningi lezithombo livame ukuphambukela ezinhlotsheni zasendle ezinazo zonke izici ezingathandeki: izikhala eziqinile, amajikijolo amancane, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukusakazwa kwembewu yejamu isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi lapho kuzalaniswa izinhlobo ezintsha.
Kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside ukusakazwa kwe-gooseberry. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izici ezibalulekile zokuhlukahluka ezinqwabelanayo futhi ezikhethwe ngenkathi kukhethwa.
Njengamanje, ama-gooseberries asatshalaliswa ngendlela engafani nhlobo, ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezimbili: ukusebenzisa izingqimba ezivundlile kanye nokugxila kwezinhlu zokusika okuluhlaza, okulandelwa ukukhula ngozalo. Ukutshala izinto ezineminyaka emibili ubudala kuthembekile ngokwengeziwe ekubekeni kokutshala ezimweni zokukhiqiza (nasezingadini zezingadi).
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa okulele
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla idedelwe kahle, ivundiswe, idalwe, iniselwe. Amagatsha aphinwe ngokuqinile emhlabathini ngezingwegwe zokhuni noma zocingo, afafazwe emhlabeni ngemuva kwamasonto amabili nama-4 (ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha angama-5-6). Ekwindla, izingqimba ezinezimpande ziyambiwa zihlukaniswe ezihlahleni. Ukukhiqizwa kwamahlumela anezimpande kuncike emandleni ekukhuleni kwezihlahla zesibeletho, ekuqalisweni okunembile nangokufika ngesikhathi kwezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical. Amahlumela anjalo athola ukuya kuma-60-80, kanti kwezinye izimo - aze afike ku-300-400 avela esihlahleni.
Ama-buds wokukhula kumahlumela agobile, njengomthetho, abonakala ngokucacile futhi anikeze izitshalo ezicijile esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze-Russianky ezingama-2480, amahlumela angama-2470 abangelwa, ku-Russianky ophuzi kusuka ngo-1941 - 1856 (95.6%), eMalachite esuka ku-623 - 620 (99.5%), kubuthaka obungenamandla nje ngo-3 kuma-410 - 353 amahlumela (86 %).
Isibalo sezinso sincike ngqo ezicini zezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo. Amabhishi oLwandle Olumnyama anamandla, akhula ngokuqondile, amagatsha anciphile, maningi, ngenxa yalokho ihlathi liqweqwe. Kukhona amahlumela anezimpande ezimbalwa. Ezingxenyeni zesibeletho zalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene, kuyadingeka ukuncipha kwamagatsha ezihlahleni, kushiye amahlumela anempilo kakhulu futhi aqine kakhulu.
Ugqumugqumu
Amagatsha anoma ibuphi ubudala (kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-18 isihlahla ngasinye) angasetshenziselwa ukubeka izakhi, ukukhetha ukukhula okugcwele, ngenani elikhulu lokukhula okuqhathaniswa namanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka egatsheni elilodwa ungathola kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-19 amahlumela anezimpande.
Ukhula lwenhlabathi olusikiwe
Enye indlela yesimanjemanje yokwanda kwama-gooseberries ukusika kwezingcezu eziluhlaza ezibunjiwe emakamelweni akhethekile anendawo yokukhosela ye-polyethylene kanye nomshini wokufutheka. Isendlalelo salokhu silungiswe kahle - kusukela ku-peat nesihlabathi, okumele sigcinwe siphilile, ngaphandle kokuqongelelana nezifo.
Izinga lokushisa langaphakathi kwendlu akufanele lidlule ama-degree angama-25, isifutho samanzi kufanele sibe mnene, eduze nenkungu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ubude bokukhula kanye nesimo sohlelo lwempande ngasekupheleni kwehlobo luhlobo lokuthi izitshalo eziningi zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo ngonyaka we-cutways, zidlule zikhula e-nursery. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlotsheni zaseRussiaky, ukusika okugxilile kufinyelela ku-76-88, kumaSmena - 72-90, eYubileiny - amaphesenti angama-77-94.
Ama-cutout we-gooseberry aluhlaza asabela ngokushesha ephulwa njalo kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zezolimo, bese wonke amaqabunga ephenduka emnyama bese ewa - izimpande zakha buthaka noma alahlekelwe yileli khono. Njengomphumela, iphesenti lokusika okugxile ezinhlotsheni ze-Russianky 50-61, i-Russianky ephuzi - 44-78, nakuma-prickly No. No. 3 - 37-55.
Ngakho-ke, amandla amakhulu aphezulu wezinhlobo ze-gooseberry ezintsha zokusuka ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo zofuzo enza sikwazi ukuthola inani elidingekayo lezitshalo ezicijile ngonyaka lapho kukhula izinto zokutshala. Kulesi simo, zombili izindlela zokwenza i-rooting ziyasetshenziswa.
Izifo ze-Gooseberry kanye nezinambuzane
Ama-Gooseberry atheleka kalula ezifweni ezimbili - i-powdery hlobo (sferotek) ne-septoria (amabala amhlophe). Ngaphezu kwezinye izinambuzane izinambuzane, inundu gooseberry kanye ugqumugqumu ugqumugqumu wamcunula.
Ugqumugqumu
Izinhlobo eziningi zanamuhla ze-gooseberry ziyamelana nomtapo wezinhlaka. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sisebenza ngokukhetha - sithinta izitshalo ezincane. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukuvikelwa - ukwelashwa nge "Topaz", "Vectra" noma "Strobi" amalungiselelo (kukhombisa indlela yokufaka kanye namaphakeji). Ukufafaza kokuqala - ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga eqhakaza, phezu kwamahlumela Owesibili - ngezinsuku eziyi-10-14.
Azikho izinhlobo ezimelana ngokuphelele neSeporia. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuvuna, kuyadingeka ukuphatha izihlahla nenhlabathi engaphansi kwazo nge- "Oxychloride" ne "Skor", ekwindla kubalulekile ukuthi ufake umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium futhi ugaye umhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
Ngokuphikisana ne-ognevka ne-sawfly, ama-bush ayafafazwa entwasahlobo yokuqala (ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-bud, futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza) ngama-karbofos noma imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo - i-bitoxibacillin noma i-lepidocide. Ekwindla, bmba umhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla kuya ekujuleni kuka-8-10 cm bese ukhula endaweni engaba khona umqhele ukuze kwakhiwe ikhukhu lomhlabathi elingama-10 cm cm.Kwentwasahlobo, emavikini amabili emva kokuqhakaza, izihlahla ziyaphola.
Ama-Gooseberry ayisitshalo esihle esinamajikijolo amnandi, futhi, kusobala, kufanelekile ukukhula kuyo yonke indawo! Ingabe unayo ama-gooseberry akhula? Yabelana ngesipiliyoni sakho sokumnakekela kumazwana.
