Ama-tulips aqhakaza - isithombe sobuhle obumangalisayo! Ngokuphathelene nokugqama nemibala ehlukahlukene, asikho isivuno sezimbali esivela entwasahlobo esingasiqhathanisa nazo. Indawo enhle kakhulu yomkhosi womkhosi ihlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5, futhi inkumbulo yokuqhakaza kwazo ihlala unyaka wonke.
Umlando kancane
Tulip kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo babejabulela uthando olukhulu phakathi kwabantu abehlukene. Imininingwane yokuqala ngaye ixhunyiwe nePheresiya. Izimbongi eziningi zasePheresiya zacula le mbali, futhi uHafiz wabhala ukuthi imbali ayinakuqhathaniswa nentelezi yensikazi ye-tulip. AbakwaTurip phakathi kwabaseTurkey babejabulela uthando olukhulu kakhulu. Ukuhlonipha yena, namaholide akhethekile ayeqhutshwa ezingadini zamaSultan.
Ama-Tulips eza eYurophu ngo-1554: okokuqala aya eJalimane, lapho ahlobisa khona izingadi zabacebile bangezikhathi zakudala. Ngemuva kwalokho basakazekela emazweni e-Europe ahlukahlukene, lapho abathandi be-tulip abacebile baqala ukuqoqa amaqoqo lapho inani lezinhlobonhlobo livame ukufika engxenyeni yenkulungwane.
Kepha akukho lapho uthando lwama-tulips lufinyelele khona ngobukhulu njengaphakathi
Tulip (Tulip)IHolland. Lapha ithole isimilo sobuhlanya bangempela obuhlanganise zonke izigaba zomphakathi. Ngamabhuleki ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha anikeza izindlu, izinkomo, umhlaba olimekayo, kanye nemfuyo. Konke lokhu kwaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho uhulumeni eqaphela ukuthi ukuthakazelwa kwezitshalo ezinhle kusakazeka emcabangweni omkhulu osongela umnotho wezwe, futhi amandla akhe awumisa. Kubhalwe zonke izincwadi mayelana ne-"tulip boom", okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuyifunda manje, kepha ngaleso sikhathi bekucishe kube yinhlekelele ezweni lonke.
Ama-Tulips, njengezitshalo eziningi kakhulu, eza eRussia ngesikhathi sikaPeter I; angeniswa evela eHolland. Manje, mhlawumbe, akekho noyedwa umuntu eRussia, hhayi ngisho nengane encane, owayengeke azi ukuthi luhlobo luni lwesilimo, ukuthi lubukeka kanjani. Kepha emashumini eminyaka adlule kube nezinhlobo eziningi ezinhle ezinhle izakhamizi zethu zasehlobo esingazazi nhlobo. Sizokwazisa kubo kungekudala, manje sizokwambula zonke izimfihlo zokukhulisa lezi zimbali zasentwasahlobo emakotini asehlobo.
Njengoba wazi, ukuze uthokozise isitshalo, udinga ukwazi izici zaso. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho manje.
I-anyanisi - ukuqala kwakho konke ukuqala
I-tulip bulb ihlumela elishintshiwe. Ngaphansi kwesiqu sayo sifushane ngokuqinile, kanti izikali zingamaqabunga aguquliwe. Ama-bulb we-bulb agciniwe nesembozo. Eyokuqala ingaphakathi, inejusi, iqhakazile (zingaba izingcezu ezi-4-6), izakhamzimba zifakwa kuzo. Isikali sangaphandle esomile sicashe; sivikela isibazi emonakalweni.
Phansi kwe-isibani (ngasemaphethelweni aso) kukhona ukuqina kancane - impande yohlamvu, kukho iziqubu zezimpande ezizayo. Futhi engxenyeni emaphakathi kukhiqizwa i-peduncle enamaqabunga, ephetha imbali. Amantombazane endodakazi abekwa emacansini okufihla nokugcina isikali.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lapho ukukhula kwengxenye ye-agency kuyeka, isikali se-bulb yomama sivele ngokuphelele, sakha isidleke samabhule amasha. Esigabeni esikhulu kunazo zonke, esisenkabeni, kungenzeka kube nezikali ezi-4-5, futhi ngesikhathi sokumba, iziqalo zawo wonke amaqabunga, ama-mzukulu ama-babu, kanye nezifuba zokuqala zezimbali zonyaka olandelayo sezivele sezakhiwe.
Ama-Tulip bulbs (ama-Tulip bulbs)Ngakho-ke, kulokhu okungenhla, singathola iziphetho ezilandelayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-tulip iyisitshalo esingapheli, ama-bulbs ayo avuselelwa minyaka yonke. Esikhundleni sokutshalwa okukodwa, kuvela isidleke esisha sonke nesikhulu phakathi nendawo.
Inani lamabhuleki akhiwe esidlekeni lincike ezinhlobonhlobo, nasemhlabathini nasezimeni zezulu, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, nangesikhathi sokutshala.
Isikhathi esihle sokubumba ama-tulips ukuqala kokuphuzi kwamaqabunga nokuhlala kwawo (kuseluhlaza). Ukumba kokuzama kwalezi zinhlamvu ngalesi sikhathi kukhombisa ukuthi zisemhlophe, zinamabala ahlukile. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho amakhasi esomile ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, isidleke siyaqhekeka, amaqaqa aqhamuka egobolondweni elijwayelekile, futhi ungawalahla emhlabathini. Udinga ukumba ama-tulips ngaleso sikhathi lapho ungasithatha isitshalo ngesiqu futhi ukhiphe sonke isidleke se-bulb.
Ngemuva kokumba izinsuku ezingaba ngu-7- ngu, ama-bulbs omisiwe ngaphansi kwe-canopy kokusalungiswa emazingeni okushisa angama-24-30 ° ะก. Ngokushesha lapho zoma, mancane amathuba okuthi zithinteke ezifweni zokukhunta, ngoba isikali esivikela phezulu sizosibekela ngokuqinile isibani futhi sivikele ukutheleleka.
Ngemuva kokumiswa, ama kufanele agcinwe endaweni enomoya omncane kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba. lokushisa okungaba ngu-17 ° C. Umswakama ohlobene unxanelekile u-60-70%.
Kuphi, nini futhi kanjani?
Njengazo zonke izimbali zasentwasahlobo, ama-tulips anesikhathi esifushane sokuhluma nokuqhakaza. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kushiya uphawu lwaso kuzidingo zenhlabathi. Kumele ivundile kakhulu, iqukethe inani elikhulu lomsoco ngendlela efinyeleleka ezitshalweni, ibe nokuphendula okuhle kwezemvelo kanye nezindawo ezinhle zomzimba (ukuphefumula okwanele nomthamo womswakama).
Lezi zidingo ziyahlangabezana nesihlabathi noma i-loamy elula, inhlabathi eyakhiwe kahle. I-Acidity (inani le-pH) lama-tulips lingasukela ku-6.5 liye ku-7.5. Ku-pH ngezansi kwe-5.7 liming kuyinto yokuphoqelela. Uma inhlabathi ingakhanyi ngokwanele, kufanele kusetshenziswe isihlabathi ne-peat. Bambe kuze kufike ekujuleni okungama-30 cm.
Tulip (Tulip)Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala isikhathi esingangenyanga, kufanele kusetshenziswe imithamo elandelayo yomanyolo nge-1 m2: umquba, i-humus noma i-non-acid peat engu-10 kg, ikhekhe noma ilayisi elitshekile lifinyelela ku-200 g, umlotha wezinkuni kuze kufike ku-200 g, umanyolo wamaminerali ogcwele kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-100 g Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-350 g we-lime carbonate nge-1 m2 akhulisa i-pH ngo-1. Umquba omusha awunakusetshenziswa noma ngaphambi kokutshala, noma njengokugqoka okuphezulu, noma ukufaka umanyolo. Lokhu kungaholela ekushisweni kwezimpande nezifo zokukhunta.
Ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane, ama-tulips kufanele abuyele endaweni yawo yokuqala yokutshala akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-5 kamuva. Kungcono ukubatshala endaweni enelanga, evikelekile endaweni enomoya onamandla. Akumele kube nokudideka kwamanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho kungaholela ezifweni ezinjenge-typhulosis ne-grey bola. Ukuvela kwamanzi aphansi endaweni lapho kuzokhuliswa khona ama-tulips akufanele kube ngaphezulu kuka-70 cm.
Ama-Tulips atshaliwe kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi kaSeptembalapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ekujuleni kuka-10 cm liba ngu-8-10 ° C. Amabhuleki kufanele avele kahle ngaphambi kweqhwa. Ekukhuleni kahle kwezimpande, badinga izinsuku ezingama-30-45. Uma ukutshala kwenzeka kamuva, ama-tulips kufanele afakelwe nge-mulch aze afike ku-10-15 cm.
Ama-Tulips atshalwa ekujuleni okulingana nokuphakama kathathu kwe-bulb, kubalwa kusuka phansi. Okukhulu okutshalwe kude nge-5-9 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, kuncane - 4-5 cm.
Nakekela imithetho
Entwasahlobo (ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela), umhlaba ozungeze ama-tulips uthukululwa ukuvula umoya ezimpandeni futhi unciphise ukuhwamuka komswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhululeka kumele kwenziwe ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, ukugqoka phezulu noma imvula enkulu.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ama-tulips aduthwa izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngamanyolo wezimbiwa. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa eqhweni kwifomu elomile ne-nitrogen: 30-50 g / m2. Owesibili - ngokubonakala kwezithombo ezinkulu: 30-50 g yomanyolo wamaminerali ngokuphelele oncibilikisiwe emanzini, noma ngokunisela emva kokufaka owomile (ama-2-3 amabhakede / m2). Eyesithathu - ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, ekwakhiweni kwayo kuyafana nokwesibili. Ukugqoka kwesine okuphezulu kunikezwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kepha hhayi ngaphambi kwamaviki ama-2: 3040 g yanoma yimuphi umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.
Tulip (Tulip)Kungcono ukuthi ama-tulips asebenzise umanyolo osheshayo onezici zokulandela umkhondo (i-aquarin, i-crystallin, i-rastrin, i-nitroammofoska). Kodwa awukwazi ukondla umanyolo ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorine, okuyingozi kakhulu kulezi zitshalo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuqhakaza, ama-tulips adinga amanzi amaningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthambisa kufanele kube njalo futhi kube kuningi, ikakhulukazi eziteshini ezomile. Umswakama kufanele ungene ekujuleni kwezimpande, hhayi ukumanzisa nje umhlabathi. Ukunisela okunganele kubangela ukulimala kuphela, ngoba kuholela ekwakhiweni kwengqimba. Ngokwemithetho, okungenani amalitha ayi-10 amanzi kufanele athululelwe ku-1 m2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele kubande kakhulu. Ukunisela kanye nokondla ama-tulips kumele aqaphele ukuze uketshezi ungawa emaqabungeni.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwama-tulips, abalimi abanolwazi benza ukuhlanza okuhlukahlukene nokuhlanzwa kwe-phyto. Ukuhlanza okuhlukahlukene kutholakala ekususeni konke ukungcola uma kwenzeka ukuthi okutshaliwe endaweni yakho kwenziwa ngezinto zokutshala ze-single-colander ehlanzekile ebangeni elilodwa futhi ufuna ukuyigcina ihlanzekile. Kulokhu, izitshalo ezingcolile zembiwa ngenqwaba yomhlaba futhi zitshalwe kwenye indawo. Uma zidluliselwe ngokucophelela ngokunisela, zizogcinwa kahle.
Ukuhlanza amakhambi kuqukethe ukukhomba nokususwa okuphuthumayo kusuka kokutshala kwezitshalo ezinesifo, kufaka phakathi nalezo ezinegciwane le-mosagation. Izitshalo ezinjalo zimbiwa ngezimpande bese ziyabhujiswa (ziphonswa emgodini nge-bleach noma zishiswe).
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-tulip kuyingozi enkulu, ngoba lesi sifo segciwane sidluliselwa ngokushesha ngesiphu sezitshalo futhi siyelapheka. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngoshintsho kumbala wembali namaqabunga. Kulula kakhulu ukubona ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuqhakaza. Eziphondweni ezinemibala eyaziwa kakhulu, kuvela umbala ophuzi noma omhlophe ngendlela yemivimbo engajwayelekile kanye namabala. Ezimbali ezinombala omnyama noma ezinsomi ezinombala onsomi, umbala wazo uyaqina, okungukuthi, imichilo noma imivimbo ibonakala imnyama ukwedlula yonke enye imbala. Ngama-tulips wombala we-2-3-color, ukuvumelanisa kwephethini kwephulwa futhi konke kodwa umbala owodwa kancane uyanyamalala. Izitshalo ezigulayo ziya buthaka, zisele ngemuva ekukhuleni bese ziyafa kancane kancane.
Ukugwema ukudluliswa okungahambi kahle kwalesi sifo esiyingozi, umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu lapho usika izimbali isidumbu: kuyadingeka ukukhipha izinsimbi (izibulala-magciwane) izixhobo (ummese, amasekhethi) nesixazululo esingu-5% we-potassium permanganate, utshwala noma i-sterilize ngomlilo.
Ama-Tulip bulbs (ama-Tulip bulbs)Noma usika ama-tulips, kuyadingeka ukushiya amaqabunga aphansi ama-2 ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwe-bulb. Ukuthola ama-bulbs amakhulu nakho kunomthelela ekususweni kwezimbali zodwa, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga kanye nama-peduncle (decapitation). Le ndlela inika umphumela omkhulu kakhulu uma wenziwa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinsukwini ezingama-8-10 zezimbali, i-tulip iyavula ekuseni futhi ivale kusihlwa. Ngakho-ke ukugoba kufanele kwenziwe ngosuku lokugcina noma lokuqhakaza kwezimbali, lapho imbali ingasakwazi ukuvala futhi isilungele ukubhoboka. Inhloso yale nqubo ukuvumela isibani sikhule ngokuphelele (futhi sikhula kakhulu ngenkathi yezimbali), okokuqala, ukuvikela amacembe ukuthi angachitheki, ngoba lokhu kungadala ukuqubuka kokubuna kwamaqabunga emaqabunga. Okwesibili, le ndlela ivimbela enye imbewu edwengula emabhokisini embewu, khona-ke izakhi ezivela emaqabungeni zizoya ku-anyanisi kuphela.
Ama-Tulip bulb kufanele abiwe njalo ngonyaka. Kungashiyelwa izingane kuphela iminyaka emi-2 lapho zitshalwe zodwa. Uma ushiya izinhlamvu ezindala ngaphandle kokumba, zizongena zijule kakhulu emhlabeni unyaka wesibili kuya kwele-3, futhi awusoze wakwazi ukuzimba ngokumsulwa, ziyohlala zivala ukutshala okucacile okuqhakaza ama-tulips.
Kuhle entwasahlobo nasebusika
Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-tulip ezinobukhulu, ukwakheka, umbala wembali, ukuphakama kwezitshalo kanye nesikhathi sokuqhakaza, zingasetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni ingadi.
Ama-tulips aphansi (Amaqembu we-Kaufman, i-Greigi nama-nzalo awo) angatshalwa ngaphambili kwe-mixborder nasezintabeni ze-alpine, ezivandeni zamadwala nasemigqonyeni ephansi. Ukuhlobisa ama-verandas nama-balcony, angatshalwa emabhokisini nasezitsheni.
I-Medium Tulips muhle ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemibhede yezimbali, kumaqembu atshalwe ezitshini, kuhlelo lokuxubha oluxubile oluhlanganiswe nezinye izitshalo eziqhakaza entwasahlobo - ama-muscari, ama-daffodils, ama-hazel grouse, ama-hyacinths, ama-anemones, ama-primroses.
Tulip (Tulip)Ama-tulips amade (Ama-hybrids ama-Darwin, anemibala ye-lilac) alungele kakhulu amaqembu amakhulu otshanini nokusika.
Ama-Tulips anenzuzo eyodwa ngaphezulu: ukuqhakaza kwawo kungajatshulelwa hhayi kuphela entwasahlobo kepha nasebusika.. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukwazi ukufundwa kwezitshalo ezitshalwe kusikhathi se-offseason. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukuphoqelelwa kwama-tulips akunzima ikakhulukazi, kepha kudinga ukugcinwa kwezimo ezithile, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa.
Kukhethwe ama-bulbs amakhulu kuphela, amakhulu asindayo ukuze akwazi ukunambitheka: ububanzi kusuka ku-3,5 cm, isisindo kusuka ku-25 g. Ukuqedela inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezinhlamvu zeziqalo zeziqongo, izitishi namaphayiphu, okubekwa kuwo ngenkathi zisemhlabathini, ama-bulbs ambiwa ngesikhathi esijwayelekile agcinwa izinsuku ezingama-30 ngokushisa kwe-18- 20 ° C.
Ngemuva kwaloko emavikini langu-13 kuya ku-22 (kuya ngebanga) agcinwa ekushiseni kwe-5-9 ° C Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphansi okuhle, kwakhiwa izinto ezisebenza ngokuzivocavoca kumabhulethi akhuthaza ukukhula kwesiqu sezimbali. Uma le nkathi ayanele noma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, khona-ke iziqu zezitshalo ngesikhathi sokuthamba zikhula zimfushane kakhulu, bese izimbali zicasha emaqabungeni, noma ifomu elingaphakathi lakhiwa.
Manje ake sixoxe ngokuphoqa ama-tulips ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene. Okunzima kakhulu - ekuqaleni - kukaKhisimusi noma uNyaka Omusha. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zama-tulips ezilungele yena. Ngakho-ke, yizo kuphela ezidinga isikhathi sokuphola esifushane esingasetshenziswa. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezinjalo: Ubuhle be-apricot - i-salmon pink (ukupholisa amasonto ayi-15); UKhisimusi Marvel - I-pink pink (amasonto ayi-15); I-Dick ayithandayo - obomvu obumnyama (amasonto ayi-16).
Okokucindezela ama-bulbs okuphoqelelwa ekuqaleni kwangesonto eledlule. Ngemuva kokuzihlanza, khetha ezinkulu kunazo zonke bese uzomisa lokushisa okungu-24-25 ° C amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho izinsuku ezingama-4 zifudunyezwa ku-34 ° C, izinsuku ezingama-25 zigcinwa ku-18-20 ° C nezinsuku eziyi-15 ku-17 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-bulbs afakwa ezikhwameni zamaphepha futhi ukusuka ngoSepthemba 1 kuya ku-Okthoba 1, agcinwe ekushiseni kwe-5-9 ° C esiqandisini.
Ngo-Okthoba, ama-bullet atshalwe ku-crates, amabhodwe, noma amabhodwe agcwele ingxube yenhlabathi. Ngokwakheka, kungahluka kakhulu, into esemqoka ukuthi umhlaba umunca umswakama, uphefumula, nge-pH ka-6.5-6.8. Ungasebenzisa nesihlabathi. I-2/3 yomthamo ugcwele inhlabathi kanti ama-bulbs atshalwe kude nge-1-1,5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ngokucindezela kancane kuwo. Lapho-ke balala nomhlaba kuze kube phezulu, okuvula ngemuva kokunisela okuyimpoqo okucindezelayo. Iziqukathi zifakwa ezikhwameni zepulasitiki futhi zigcinwa egumbini elingaphansi noma esiqandisini emazingeni okushisa angama-5-9 ° C. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukubangelwa kwe-bulbs kwenzeka. Nisela izitshalo njengoba kunesidingo, okungukuthi, uvimbele inhlabathi ukuthi ingoma.
Lapho nje amahlumela efika kubude obungu-5-6 cm, izitshalo zidluliselwa egumbini eliqhakazile (cishe kusukela ngoDisemba 7). Izinsuku zokuqala ezi-2 zigcinwa ekushiseni okungu-15 ° C, khona-ke kwandiswa kube ngu-18-20 ° C. Uma kungekho ukukhanya kwemini okwanele, kudingeka ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Amanzi njengoba kudingeka. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, ama-tulips aqhakaza.
I-distillation ngoMashi 8 ilula. Izinhlobo eziningi ezivela ku-Triumph ne-Darwin nzalo ziyakulungele lokhu. Amabhuleki ambiwa ngesikhathi esijwayelekile futhi agcinwa emazingeni okushisa alandelayo: izinsuku ezingama-28- 20 ku-20 ° C, bese ancishiselwa ku-17, kanti kusukela ngoSepthemba 1 kuya ku-Okthoba 1, agcinwe esiqandisini emazingeni okushisa angama-5-9 ° C.
Tulip (Tulip)Etshalwe emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba futhi ngo-Okthoba 1. Eqashweni elingaphansi noma esiqandisini ekushisa kwe-5-9 ° C kuqukethe amasonto angama-18-20.Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, lapho amahlumela efika ku-5-6 cm, iziqukathi ezinamabhuleki zibekwa egumbini elikhanyayo elinokushisa kwe-18-20 ° C, lapho ziqhakaza ngoMashi 2-4.
Singanikeza enye indlela. Amabhuleki atshalwe ngesikhathi esijwayelekile emabhokisini ashiywe emhlabathini ovulekile engadini emiseleni (ekujuleni okungama-40 cm), ebeka amagatsha esihlahla sonwele sasezindongeni ngaphansi kwawo. Ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, amabhokisi ambozwe nge-peat eyomile noma i-sawdust eyomile, futhi ngaphezulu kwezinto zokuphahla noma ozimele. Igumbi lilethwa emavikini ama-4 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sezimbali esifiselekayo. Futhi lapho ziqhakaza, igumbi lakho lizogcwala ngemibala egqamile yengadi yezimbali kaMay, ukhumbula ukuthi umngcwabo we-carnival we-tulips uyiholide elihlala linawe.
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe:
- Ippolitova N. Ya.
