Ungatshala kanjani i-Ezemalin kahle entwasahlobo nasekwindla Ungayinakekela kanjani i-EzemalinKuyini ezemalin? Usuvele ngegama, ungabona ukuthi lokhu kuyinhlanganisela ye-blackberry ne-raspberry. Abafuyi baseMelika bathola le nzalo esekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Imiphumela iyathandeka: ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukungathobeki nokulula kokunakekelwa. Okwendawo yethu, isiko yinto entsha; akuvame ukutholakala kuma-dachas aseRussia kanye nezindawo ezenzelwe wena uqobo.
I-hybrid ithole izici ezinhle kakhulu kusuka "kubazali" bayo. Womabili amajikijolo ane ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu: ukunambitheka kwamantongomane yinto ethile ngokwesilinganiso, bobabili ubumnandi kanye nokugaya koqobo. Ngokuqondene nezimpawu zesihlahla uqobo nokunakekela: isiko likhula kahle ngisho nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho (inzuzo etholakala kuma-raspberries), ayisho ukuthi izidingo zenhlabathi zingakanani ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi ("umvuzo" ku-blackberry), iziqu zimbozwe ngameva amancane kakhulu (ngokungafani namajikijolo, amakhulu imisipha ebangela ukungakhululeki lapho kuvunwa).
Ngakho-ke, ukutshala esiqeshini se-ezhimalina kuqeda isidingo sokutshala ama-berry ayi-2 ngesikhathi esisodwa: ama-raspberries kanye nama-amajikijolo. Lokhu konga isikhathi nendawo esizeni. Izithelo eziphezulu zizokuvumela ukuthi uqoqe amajikijolo amasha, wenze amalungiselelo ebusika (izithelo ezidliwayo, ukulondolozwa, ujamu).
Iziphakamiso zokuthenga izithombo
I-Yezemalin ebanzi ayikatholi. Yebo, uma omakhelwane bakho sebevele sebetholile isitshalo esinjalo - ungacela isithombo. Imvamisa izithombo zithengiswa kwiziza ezikwi-Intanethi. Kepha uma uthenga, cabanga okufihliwe: ungayaleli izimpahla ezivela enkampanini etholakala izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha kuwe, ngoba izimo zezulu zingahluka. Futhi, uma incane indlela izithombo ezithatha, ngcono izosinda futhi ikhule ngempumelelo. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukuthenga ezikhungweni ezikhethekile noma enkulisa.
Ukuzala nsuku zonke
Izinhlobo zemivimbo kanye nezindlela zokuzala
Ukuphinda uzenzele kubandakanya izinketho eziningi:
Izinqubo ze-Basal
Ukushicilelwa kwe-ezhimalina basal amahlumela isithombe
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, hlukanisa ngokucophelela ihlumela kusuka esitshalweni sikamama, wasitshala ngokushesha endaweni yokukhula njalo.
Ukusika kwe-midzi
Ukusika kwesithombe esinamandla
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukusika okuvela kumagatsha wangonyaka odlule, ekuqaleni kwehlobo - kusuka amahlumela amasha minyaka yonke, ubude bawo kufanele bube ngu-30-35 cm futhi kufanele bube nezinhlamvu eziningana zokukhula.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesithombe se-ezhimalina green cuttings
Ukuze kube nokubangwa kwezimpawu, tshala izimbiza ezinomhlabathi onempilo, nikeza ukufudumala nokunisela okuvamile. Izimpande zizovela cishe inyanga - Tshala endaweni engapheli yokukhula, ukuze izithombo zibe nesikhathi sokukhula ziqine ngaphambi kokubanda.
Ukubekwa
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-hedgehog layering
Ngo-Agasti, gobela insizwa encane eqinile emhlabathini bese uyigaya ibe ngumsele ongaphansi kuka-20 cm. Entwasahlobo kuzovela amahlumela (ungathola amahlumela ama-3-4). Ungadlulisela endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula lapho ziba namandla (ukuphakama kwawo kufanele okungenani kube ngu-15 cm).
Isikhathi sokufika
Ukufakelwa indawo kungenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (lapho nje umhlabathi usuncibile futhi nethuba lokuphuma esizeni libonakala) noma ekwindla (ngo-Okthoba isikhathi esihle kakhulu).
Indawo okuzotshalwa kuyo
I-Ezemalin bush ibukeka njengesithombe
Ukukhulisa isitshalo seJezemalin, khetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle yilanga futhi ivikeleke kokusalungiswa. Gwema ukusondela kwamanzi omhlaba - ungenza imibhede ephezulu.
Imithetho Yokutshala
Ukufiswa kwenziwa emasimini olulodwa noma emigqeni. Esimweni sokuqala, ukusekelwa komuntu ngamunye kwesitshalo ngasinye kuyadingeka, elesibili - ungadubula kwi-trellis.
Ubungako obulinganisiwe bomgodi wokufika ngu-40x40x40 cm. Ungenza umgodi ube mncane noma mkhulu - uhlelo oluphambili lwempande kufanele luhambisane ngokukhululekile. Ngezansi kubeka ungqimba lwesihlabathi esimanzi, engeza umgquba noma umquba omncane.
- Faka i-seedling emgodini wokutshala, uqonde izimpande, ugcwalise isikhala esisele ngenhlabathi ekhishwe emgodini ohlanganiswe nomanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, engeza ne-ash noma i-dolomite kafulawa.
Ungasitshala kanjani isithombe sanyanga zonke
- Gcina ibanga eli-1 m phakathi kwezitshalo ngazinye, 2 m phakathi kwezintambo.
- Cindezela inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo kancanyana, intamo yezimpande kufanele ibanga kanye nangaphezulu kwenhlabathi.
- Sika amahlumela, ushiye ukuphakama okungaba ngu-30 cm.
- Ukuvimbela ukukhula kotshani lokhula, amboze ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngekhadibhodi (ngonyaka uzobola bese usebenza njengomanyolo). Thela noma iyiphi impahla ye-mulching ngaphezulu (inhlanganisela ye-sawdust eyomile nomlotha iphelele), ubukhulu be-layer kufanele bube yi-8-15 cm.
Ukusekelwa kwe-manor kungcono ukuyifaka ngokushesha ngenkathi sokutshala. Esihlahleni ngasinye, faka izikhonkwane ezi-2, phakathi kwazo welula izintambo ezi-2-3 zentambo, okokuqala amahlumela aboshelwa emugqeni ongezansi, njengoba amagatsha ezithelo ekhula, kufanele aboshelwe esihlangwini esingaphezulu. Kulula ukukhula ngemigqa nge-garter ku-trellis. Ukuphakama kwaso kufanele kube yi-2-2.3 m, yenza imigqa engu-3-5 yocingo (zengezwe ohlelweni lokukhula).
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-manpower
Ekugqokeni i-ezemalin ejwayelekile ayidingi. Uma ufake umanyolo ngesikhathi sokutshala futhi unikeze ungqimba lwe-mulch, qala ukondla ngonyaka wesithathu wokukhula. Ukweqiwa kukamanyolo kuzobangela ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwamahlumela amasha, anciphisa ukumelana nesithwathwa kwesitshalo. Gcoba umquba obolile noma umquba (udaba lwendalo entsha aluleki).
Ukuchelela kuzodingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima, ngenkathi kungenakwakha "ixhaphozi".
Lapho izithelo ziqala ukusetha, amboze izihlahla ngenetha elihle. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngokuncipha kancane (ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe evuthayo, amajikijolo "abhakwe") futhi azovikela ekuhlaselweni yizinyoni.
Ukucheba kwansuku zonke kanye nodoti ofanele
Ungasitshala kanjani futhi uthinte isithombe
Ehlobo, amagatsha okufaka esikhundleni sawo akhula eJezemalin. Kuyadingeka ukuncipha eziqongweni lapho zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-2,5 m (ngakho-ke zizakuba zinkulu, zizonika amahlumela amaningi asebusweni).
Yezmalin esithombeni se-trellis
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izithelo, unquma: shiya amahlumela aqinile angama-4-5 alo nyaka esihlahleni (qiniseka ukuthi unquma wonke amagatsha ahlumela amadala), unciphise ubude bemivimbo engu-20-30 cm entwasahlobo. Lokhu kuzonyusa isivuno (amajikijolo amakhulu nangamanani amakhulu).
Enye indlela yokuhlanganisa isithombe sanyanga zonke
Kungcono ukubopha imivimbo emide yesandla somuntu ukwesekwa, kungaba yi-trellis noma insimbi yomuntu ngamunye.
Ubusika
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, i-Yezemalin ingabusika ngaphandle kokukhosela.
Ekwindla, gobela amahlumela emhlabathini, umboze ngezinto ezingasokiwe, ufafaze ngotshani, amaqabunga owomile noma sawdust phezulu. Isembozo seqhwa singadlala indima yezinto ezibonakalayo zokufakelwa - phonsa iqhwa eliningi emithini.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuzovikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Cabanga ngobunzima obungabakhona.
Isifo
- I-Anthracnose: amahlumela ambozwe ngezithende ezinsundu, ezingabhubhisa isitshalo ngokuphelele.
Ukuze uvimbele lokhu kungenzeki, musa ukwenza uqweqwe lokutshala, unciphe njalo. Sika ngokucophelela bese ulahla amahlumela athintekile. Phatha nge-foundationazole noma i-topsin. Ukuze uvikele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, phatha nge-1% solution ka-Bordeaux fluid, phinda inqubo ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12.
- Ukubola okumpunga: amajikijolo namaqabunga ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe.
Kungenzeka ukufaka ukwelashwa ngokulungiswa kwe-fungicidal izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Landela imiyalo ngokucophelela (ungeqi umthamo noma ukugxila). Ungaqhuba i-decoction ye-fieldsale yamahhashi noma i-nettle. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa esinye sezixazululo ezilandelayo (nge-10 l lamanzi): i-200 g yomlotha; 1 kg womquba; I-100 yesibabule se-colloidal; 50 g we-ash ash.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane kungaphazamiseka: ibhungane okusajingijolo, i-weevil, i-gvisa.
Izindlela zokuvimbela:
- Ukusuka ku-mabhungane we-raspberry ibhungane kwenziwa ukumba okujulile ekwindla.
- Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ama-buds, phatha nge-tansy infusion (1 kg ye-tansy emisha noma engu-350 ye-tansy eyomisiwe izodingeka kumalitha ama-5 amanzi, ubilise imizuzu engama-30, ushiye amahora angama-24, bese uxubha bese wengeza ama-5 l amanzi abandayo.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, phatha ikarbofos.
- Njalo emavikini ama-2, usike futhi ushise iziqongo ezonakele.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-ezemalin ngezithombe nezincazelo
Yezmalin Tiberberry Rubus fruticosus x idaeus tayberry isithombe
I-Tiberberry Tayberry - yahlala cishe isigamu seminyaka eyikhulu edlule eScotland, izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-2,5, iziqu zimbozwe ngamabala abanzi. Amajikijolo agqamile, makhulu (finyelela ubude obungu-6 cm), abomvu ngombala omnyama. Ukuthatha izithelo kuqala ngoJulayi.
ETexas - izihlahla ezinamaphiko okukhamba afinyelela kubude obufika kumamitha ayi-5, ameva amancane. Amajikijolo asesimweni esihle, angaba ngu-4 cm ubude, amajikijolo avuthwe ngokuphelele anomibala onsomi okusajingijolo, futhi umucu we-wax ongabonakali obonakalayo, unambitheka kakhulu njengama-raspberries. Ukuvuna kuqala ngoJulayi. Ukukhiqiza cishe ama-4 kg ehlathini ngalinye.
Isithombe se-Ezemalin Loganberry rubus Loganberry
I-Loganberry Loganberry - ihlumela ezinwabuzelayo, embozwe ngameva (azikho izinhlobo zomkhumbi, isibonelo, i-Thornless Loganberry). Amajikijolo anjenge-cone afinyelela ubude obungu-4 cm, umbala omnyama obomvu ngokungakhanyi. Ukukhiqiza kungama-6 kg esihlahleni ngasinye. Izinsuku ezifakwayo izithelo zihlangana nama-raspberries ajwayelekile.
I-Darrow Darrow - amahlumela avele, afinyelele kubude obungamamitha ayi-3. Ama-Berlin oblong, onsomi nge-tinge elibomvu, ukunambitha okumnandi nokumuncu. Isihlahla esidala singakhiqiza kuze kufike ku-10 kg wesilimo.
Isithombe se-Bozenova berry
I-boysenberry noma i-Boysenova berry ayinakuqhathaniswa ngokunambitheka: okusajingijolo okumnandi ngenothi elingenasisindo, ukuba nephunga elikhulukazi. Izithelo zingumbala wesigaxa, onsomi ngombala omnyama. Izithombo ezinwabuzelayo zingama-2-3 m ubude, ama-spikes aqabile. Kuthathwa kusukela ukuphela kukaJulayi.
Isithombe se-Ezemalin Silvan Rubus Silvan
I-Silvan Silvan - amahlumela anyakazayo anama-spikes angavamile. Amajikijolo asikiwe, anesisindo esingama-13 g, ngesimo esivuthiwe anomibala onsomi omnyama, aqeda okumnandi. Ukuvuna kuqala ngoJulayi.
Isithombe se-Ezemalin Cumberland Cumberland
ICumberland Cumberland - Le nhlobonhlobo ibizwa nangokuthi i-raspberry emnyama. Amajikijolo ayindilinga ngesimo, amnyama futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-waxy. Amahlumela aqondile, aphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Athela izithelo ngoJulayi. Amajikijolo ayabekezelela, anedumela elihle kwezokuhamba, futhi angagcinwa amasha isikhathi eside ngokuqhathaniswa namanye.
