I-Eggplant idabuka eSoutheast Asia, ngakho-ke ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-1,500 eyedlule, kwakotshwa amaqanda amaqanda futhi kwakhula eChina nasemazweni ase-Central Asia. Le imifino isakaze ukubonga kuma-Arabhu abalethe ama-isitshalo seqanda e-Afrika naseMedithera yaseYurophu.
Isitshalo seqanda, noma Umnyama omnyama (Solanum melongena) - uhlobo lwezitshalo ze-herbaceous zangaphakathi zohlobo lwe-Paslen (Solanum), isitshalo semifino esidumile. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi igama le-badrijan (kuyaqabukela i-bubridjan), futhi ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ze-Russia ama-eggplant zibizwa ngokuthi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isihambi esidumile A. B. Clot Bay, esihamba eGibhithe futhi sichaza nezitshalo zasengadini, siphawula ukuthi kuleli lizwe isitshalo seqanda sibizwa ngokuthi ikhukhamba yase-Armenia (hhayi ukuthi sididaniswe ne-Armeni likhukhamba - izinhlobo zeMelon), ezinezinhlobo ezimbili ezimhlophe nezimpunga.
Isitshalo seqanda. © Allison TurrellAmaqanda, hhayi umbala ojwayelekile onsomi nje onsomi, kepha phakathi kwawo amhlophe ngokuphelele, futhi acishe abe mnyama, aphuzi futhi abe nsundu. Ukuma kwabo kubuye kwehlukahluka - ukusuka kwisilinda kuya embovweni omile kanye nokuyindilinga.
I-Eggplant isisitshalo se-herbaceous esiphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-150. Amaqabunga makhulu, ehlukile, ane-prickly-rough, kwezinye izinhlobo nge-hue ebubende. Izimbali zi-bisexual, nsomi, zinobubanzi obungu-2,5-5 cm; olulodwa noma kuma-inflorescence - ama-umbrellas ama-2-7 wezimbali. Izimbali eziqhakaza kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuSepthemba.
Isithelo seqanda - ibhulashi elikhulu lomumo oyindilinga, obunjiwe ngopende noma oyindilinga; ingaphezulu le-fetus iyi-matte noma isicwebezelisi. Ifinyelela kubude be-70 cm, ubukhulu - 20 cm; inesisindo esingu-0.4-1 kg. Umbala wezithelo ezivuthiwe usuka ku-green-green to brownish-yellow.
Isitshalo seqanda. © Ukulima engadini Lapho sezivuthiwe ngokuphelele, ziba amalahle futhi zinganambitha, ngakho-ke zisetshenziselwa ukudla okungavuthiwe. Ezithelweni ezingavuthiwe, umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokusomi okukhanyayo onsomi. Imbewu yamaqanda isincane, isicaba, nsundu okhanyayo; uvuthwe ngo-Agasti-Okthoba.
Ukukhula
Umhlaba ovulekile
Ama-eggplant abekwa ngemuva kokuqala kokumhlophe noma ukholifulawa, ukhukhamba, izigaxa zezilimo kanye nezitshalo eziluhlaza. Uma indawo ingenelanga, hlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile emimoyeni ebandayo, utshala izitshalo ezinamadwala.
Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna umanduleli, inhlabathi iyakhululwa ngomcibisholo ngenhloso yokucunula imbewu yokuhluma. Emavikini amabili kamuva, bawemba ngokujula kophawu lwefosholo ngaphandle kokuphula ingubo. Ngokumba, yenza umquba noma i-peat (ama-4-6 kg nge-1 m²) kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwengadi yamaminerali noma i-nitroammophoska (70 g ngemitha ngayinye). Imbozo yenhlabathi eyicole.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi igxotshwa ngesigaxa sensimbi futhi igcinwe isesimweni esihle ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngosuku lokutshala, bayawugumba futhi benze umanyolo (400 g ngomthombo ngamunye), uma bengakwazanga ukusetshenziswa ekwindla.
I-eggplant ikhula kahle kumibhede noma kuma-ridges afakiwe. Maphakathi kwemibhede engu-90-100 cm ububanzi, kukhiqizwa isigaxa esiyi-20-30 cm ububanzi kanye nama-15-20 cm ajulile.Izinto ezibunjiweyo (humus, sawdust, isihlabathi, ukusika okuhlanganisiwe kuxutshwe nomhlabathi) kubekwa kuwo futhi kumbozwe ngokucophelela nomhlaba. Izitshalo zitshalwa zombili izinhlangothi zaleli greyidi. Izimpande, zingena shí, zithola izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo owudingayo.
Ku-non-chernozem zone of Russia isitshalo seqanda likhula ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Imbewu emagumbini okugcina izithombo noma ezindlu zokugcina izithombo ayihlwanyelwa izinsuku ezingama-60 zokutshala emhlabathini. Esifundeni saseMoscow, lokhu kungukuphela kukaFebhuwari - ukuqala kukaMashi.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa emabhokisini (kulandelwa ukukha) noma emabhodweni (ngaphandle kokukhetha). Ukwakheka kwengxube yenhlabathi kungahluka, ngokwesibonelo: umhlaba we-turf kanye ne-humus (2: 1), umhlaba we-turf, i-peat nesihlabathi (4: 5: 1), i-peat, sawdust ne-mullein exutshwe namanzi (3: 1: 0.5) . Faka kuyo (g nge-10 kg): ammonium sulfate - 12, superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium - ngakunye okungama-40. Ingxube elungiselelwe ifakwa emabhokisini bese ikhishwa. 1 usuku ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa, luniselwa kakhulu ngamanzi afudumele.
Isitshalo seqanda © jcapaldiUma imbewu ingavuthiwe, khona-ke izithombo ziyavela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10, zomila - emva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5. Amahlumela akhiwa ngokukhanyayo okuhle, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lehliselwa ku-15-18 ° C, ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande lukhule kangcono.
Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lokuqala leqiniso, izithombo zigaxiza izimbotshana ngalinye ngosayizi 10 × 10 cm. Izitshalo eziqinile, ezinempilo, nezikhuliswe kahle zikhethiwe. Izinsuku ezingama-2-3, aze athathe izimpande, izithombo zifakiwe ngombala kusuka elangeni. Njengoba isitshalo seqanda sibuyisela ubuthakathaka ohlelweni lwezimpande, alubekezeleli ukukha kabi.
Ngokukhula okubuthakathaka kwezithombo, ukugqoka phezulu kuyadingeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ikhambi le-bird droppings (1: 15) noma i-mullein (1: 10), ugcobe okungenani izinsuku ezingama-2-3 (ibhakede nge-1 m²), umanyolo wamaminerali ogcwele (50 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi). Ngemuva kokugqoka okungaphezulu, izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe ngamanzi afudumele ahlanzekile kusuka kumthamo wokunisela nge-strainer noma kufafazwe ukuze kugwemeke ukushiswa.
Ukunakekela izithombo kuqukethe ukuthambisa okuvamile, ukukhulula ukhula nokugqoka okuphezulu. Ukuchelela kuvikela izitshalo ekuqhekekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesiqu, okugcina kudala ukuncipha okukhulu kwesivuno. Kepha akufanele udabukise kakhulu inhlabathi: lokhu kusithinta kabi isimo sezitshalo nokuvuna okuzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu pamper izitshalo. Ukunisela nokondla kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu ekuseni.
Emavikini amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zilungiselelwe izimo ezivulekile zomhlaba: zinciphisa inani lokunisela, futhi zingene ngaphakathi. Izinsuku ezingama-5- 10 ngaphambi kokufakelwa, izitshalo ziyafafazwa ngesixazululo se-0.5% se-sulfate yethusi. Ngalobo busuku bokubekwa, abantu abanobunzima, ababuthaka nabagulayo bayaliwa. Izithombo ziniselwa kakhulu. Izithombo ezikhule kahle kufanele zibe eziphansi, ngohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle, isiqu esikhulu, amaqabunga amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha namahlumela amakhulu.
Izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela kumazinga okushisa ayi-12-15 ° C futhi ingozi yezithako zokugcina zentwasahlobo idlula. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni. Kepha uma uvikela izitshalo ngamafreyimu wefilimu (afakwe emibhedeni isonto ngaphambi kokutshala), khona-ke amahlamvu amaqanda angatshalwa ekugcineni kukaMeyi.
Emibhedeni, isitshalo seqanda sitshalwa ngemabhele enemigqa emibili (ibanga phakathi kwamabunzi liyi-60-70 cm, phakathi kwemigqa engu-40, phakathi kwezitshalo ezingama-30- 40 cm). Ukufakelwa ogibeni emgqeni owodwa (ibanga phakathi kwemigqa 60-70 cm naphakathi kwezitshalo 30-35 cm). Emhlabathini ongatheni, isitshalo seqanda sitshalwe endaweni eyisicaba ngokwephethini engu-60 x 60 noma 70 × 30 cm (isitshalo esisodwa emthonjeni owodwa) noma 70 × 70 cm (izitshalo ezimbili emthonjeni owodwa). Imithombo enobubanzi nokujula kuka-15-20 cm ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ziyajula, zikhulule phansi bese ziniselwa.
Izithombo ezinenhlama yomhlaba zikhululwa ngokucophelela ezitsheni zesithombo. Izimbiza ze-Peat zephula isisekelo sokuthuthuka okungcono kohlelo lwezimpande ngemuva kokutshala. Izithombo zitshalwe zibheke phezulu, zingcwatshwe iqabunga lokuqala leqiniso. Inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo icindezelwe kahle futhi iniselwa ngokushesha.
Izithombo zeqanda. © Ipulazi likaSuzieLapho ukutshala esimweni sezulu esinamafu, izitshalo zikhula kangcono ezimpandeni. Izithombo ezitshalwe ngosuku olushisayo zinombala nsuku zonke (kusuka ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-4 p.m.) kuze kube yilapho izitshalo sezinezimpande. Isonto ngemuva kokutshala, kutshalwa izitshalo ezintsha endaweni yezitshalo eziwile. Lapho amakhaza ebuya, izitshalo zimbozwa ngezinto zokufaka ebusuku.
Indawo evikelwe
Ama-eggplant akhula kahle ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, lapho enza khona izimo ezinhle.
Umhlabathi kumele ukhululeke futhi ubonakale. Entwasahlobo, bamba inhlabathi, benze umquba noma i-humus (4-5 kg nge 1 m²) kanye nengxube yezimbiwa engadini (70 g nge 1 m²). Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi iyakhukhulwa futhi iniselwe.
Izithombo zikhule ezimbizeni ezinobubanzi obungu-10-20 cm noma ezikhwameni zepulasitiki (izitshalo ezimbili ngasinye). Kutshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina ukufudumala ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli eneminyaka engu-45-50 yezinsuku, ku-unheated - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi eneminyaka engu-60-70 yezinsuku.
Izithombo zitshalwa emibhedeni (okungcono kakhulu), izigaxa noma indawo eyisicaba. Izitshalo zibekwa ngemigqabha enemigqa emibili (ibanga phakathi kwemigqa ngama-40-50 cm, phakathi kwemigqa eyeqile engu-80, phakathi kwezitshalo ezingama-35-45 cm).
Ngemuva kokutshala, ama-eggplant ngokushesha ahlanganiswe kuma-trellises, afana notamatisi. Ukunakekelwa kuqukethe ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukuchelela, ukutshala, ukhula nokuvikela isithwathwa.
Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa ngezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20 emva kokufakelwa, kungeniswa i-urea (i-10-15 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza izithelo, isitshalo seqanda sondliwa ngesisombululo se-mullein entsha (1: 5) ngokufakwa kwe-superphosphate (30-40 g ye-10 l yamanzi). Njalo emavikini amabili, ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswa nesixazululo somlotha wezinkuni (200 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) noma ngomanyolo wamaminerali (igremu ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi):
- ammonium nitrate - 15-20,
- superphosphate - 40-50,
- potassium chloride - 15-20.
Isitshalo seqanda. © Rosa SayNgemuva kokugqoka okungaphezulu, izitshalo ziniselwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile okugeza isisombululo esisalelayo.
Isitshalo seqanda siniselwa kakhulu, ngaphansi kwempande, njengoba ukuntuleka komswakama kunciphisa isivuno, kwandisa ukudabuka nokubi kwesithelo. Kepha ukubhala amanzi nawo akwamukeleki. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, inhlabathi iyakhululwa ibe ngamasentimitha angama-3-5. Ukhula luyasuswa ngokuhlelekile.
Amagalaji okugcina umoya angena umoya ngaphakathi, kugwema ukugcwala ngokweqile kanye nomswakama ophezulu: lokhu kunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwama-aphid. NgoMeyi, ibhungane lamazambane leColorado lingena ngaphakathi kwezihlahla zokugcina izithombo, ngakho-ke, ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga ihlolwa njalo futhi ichithwe amaqanda atholakele. Ukukhiqiza isitshalo seqanda ezingeni eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bezolimo kufinyelela ku-6 kg kg nge-1 m².
Ama-eggplants ezindlini zokugcina izithombo asebenza kahle (izitshalo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezitshalwe ngaphansi kohlaka). Ikhule futhi kumakhalkoni. Izithombo zitshalwe ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni kumabhodwe amakhulu anobubanzi be-10-40 cm kanye nokujula kwama-30 cm.
Ukunakekelwa
Isitshalo sifuna amandla okushisa futhi si-hygrophilous. Imbewu imila kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-15 ° C. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kwama-25-30 ° C, khona-ke izithombo zivele zivele ngosuku lwe-8-9. Izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokukhula nentuthuko lingama-22-30 ° С. Ngokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu futhi kunomswakama onganele womoya nenhlabathi, izitshalo ziphonsa izimbali. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla laya ku-12 ° C, khona-ke isitshalo seqanda siyeka ukukhula. Ngokuvamile, bakhula kancane kunokuba utamatisi.
Nisela kakhulu. Ukuntuleka kokuswakama kwenhlabathi kunciphisa umkhiqizo, kwandisa ukudabuka nokubi kwesithelo. Kepha kubi futhi kufakwe emanzini, esimweni sezulu esivele sikhona, ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo seqanda singaba nezifo.
Isitshalo seqanda. © wwworksInhlabathi enhle kakhulu yalesi sitshalo semifino ilula, iyisakhiwo, ivundiswa kahle.
Kuyaphawuleka: ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini, ukukhula kweziqongo kunciphisa, futhi lokhu kuthembisa ukwehla kwesivuno (izithelo ezimbalwa zizotshalwa). Umquba wePhosphorus uthinta kahle ukukhula kwezimpande, ukwakheka kwamahlamvu, amaqanda, ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. I-Potassium inomthelela ekuqongeleleni okusebenzayo kwama-carbohydrate. Ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium enhlabathini, ukukhula kwe-isitshalo seqanda kuma, bese kuvela amabala ansundu emaphethelweni amaqabunga nezithelo. Ukuze isitshalo sibe nempilo, izinto ezilandelwayo nazo ziyadingeka: usawoti we-manganese, i-boron, i-iron, okudingekayo ukwenza i-0.05-0.25 g lilinye ku-10 m2.
Kwamatamatisi, upelepele ne-isitshalo seqanda, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwezimpande kusuka ekuxubeni kwenhlabathi okulungiselelwe nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus, into e-organic; ama-macro-, ama-micronutrients, akhuthaza ukukhula - leli yi-Signor Tomato, Ukuzala, i-Breadwinner, i-Vegetable Athlete - Giant.
Okondla okwengeziwe ezitshalweni - "Impulse +". Umanyolo ukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwamaqanda, ukhulisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ezifweni fungal, ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Izinhlobo
Ngomqondo wendabuko, isitshalo seqanda isithelo esidala sobubende. Kepha ososayensi bokuzalela kudala besuka esikweni futhi bakhe izinhlobo ezintsha, kusimangaze ngombala, ukwakheka, usayizi kanye nesivuno.
- F1 Baikal - maphakathi nokuvuthwa futhi ngamandla (isitshalo esingu-1,2 m ubude) hybrid, kunconyelwe izithombo zokugcina ifilimu. Njenge-F1 'Baron', bahlwanyela izithombo ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, futhi bazitshala endaweni ebamba ukushisa ekugcineni kukaMeyi. Izithelo ezimise okwenziwe ngethanga (ubude 14-18 cm, cm 10 cm), i-violet emnyama, ecwebezelayo, enesisindo esingama-320-370 g. Inyama imhlophe, inombala oluhlaza okotshani, ngaphandle komunyu, phakathi kwabantu. Isivuno sesitshalo esisodwa singama-2.8-3.2 kg.
- Ithenda ye-F1 - into entsha yochungechunge lwe-Yummy. Isici esihlukile se-hybrid entsha umbala omhlophe wezithelo. Isikhathi sokuvula sisilinganiso. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo 50 cm, ubude bezithelo - 18 cm, isisindo esijwayelekile - 200 g.Impepho iminyene, imhlophe, ngaphandle komunyu, inokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-solanine. Isivuno sesitshalo esisodwa singama-2 kg.
- F1 Sadko - Le hybrid ihlukaniswa umbala wokuqala wezithelo - zibubende, zinemibala emide emide. Isitshalo siphakathi nendawo (50-60 cm), sivuthwa maphakathi. Umumo wezithelo ubunjiwe ngoparey (ubude 12-14 cm, ububanzi 6-10 cm), isisindo esilingana 250-300 g. I-Pulp of kwabantu medium, ngaphandle komunyu, ukunambitheka okukhulu.
- I-F1 Baron - i-hybrid enokuphakama okungama-70-80 cm wesikhathi sokuvuthwa okuphakathi. Izithombo zihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, kanti ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, izithombo zitshalwa ku greenhouse. Izithelo zingama-cylindrical ngesimo (ubude bungu-16 ukuya ku-22 cm, ububanzi obungu-8 cm), onsomi omnyama, onswebile, omkhulu - 300-350 g. Ukudonswa kobuningi obuphakathi, kuphuzi-mhlophe, ngaphandle kokhakhayi. Isivuno sesitshalo esisodwa singama-2.8-3.1 kg.
- Albatross - Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukuvuthwa okuphakathi, izithelo ezinkulu. Pula ngaphandle komunyu. Umbala ngokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe ubublue-violet, ngokwemvelo - brown-brown. Kugcinwe kahle.
- I-Ping pong - maphakathi nesizini, kuvuna kakhulu. Izithelo zinwebekile ngesimo (90-95 g). Esigabeni sokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, okumhlophe, okucwebezelayo. I-pulp iminyene, imhlophe, ngaphandle komunyu.
- Imikhonto - Kuqala, izithelo 300-317 g.I pulp imnyama, imhlophe qwa.
- UBhebhe - maphakathi nenkathi, izithelo zimhlophe qhwa (300-400 g).
- Isikebhe - kuqala, izithelo ezinemivimbo emhlophe ne-lilac nemhlophe, isisindo esingu-143 g, ngaphandle komunyu. Uginindela umhlophe.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane
Ama-aphid - The inkathazo eyingozi kakhulu isitshalo seqanda, ebangela ukulimala okukhulu. Ama-aphid avela emaqabunga, isiqu, izimbali nokondla kumajusi ezitshalo.
Izindlela zokulawula: Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinambuzane ezibola ngokushesha. Kufafazwe ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza. Ngesikhathi sokufaka izithelo asikwazi ukucutshungulwa. Kusetshenziswa isixazululo esilandelayo kusuka emithini yabantu: 1 ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni noma ingilazi engu-1 yothuli lwegwayi ithunyelwa kubhakede olungamalitha ayi-10, bese ithelwa ngamanzi ashisayo bese kusale usuku. Ngaphambi kokufafaza, isixazululo kufanele sixubeke kahle, sihlungiwe bese sengeza i-1 tbsp. ziwuthenga ngezipuni insipho ewuketshezi. Futha isitshalo ekuseni, mhlawumbe kusuka ku-sprayer.
Isitshalo seqanda. © Anna HesserIsikhala sesicabucabu imunca ujusi kusuka engaphansi kwamaqabunga ama-isitshalo seqanda.
Izindlela zokulawula: lungisa isixazululo abaphuza ngaso ingilazi kagalikhi noma u-anyanisi kanye namaqabunga e-dandelion adlula kwi-grinder yenyama, isipuni sensipho ewuketshezi sihluthiselwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Hlunga, wehlukanisa ipulpiti, futhi ufafaze izitshalo kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka.
Slug nqunu ungadli kuphela amaqabunga ama-isitshalo seqanda, kodwa futhi ulimaze izithelo, ezibolile.
Izindlela zokulawulagcina okutshalekile, okokugcina izimbali kuzungeze umbhede wokutshala kuhlanzekile futhi kufakwe impova nge lime elisanda kufakwa noma ingxube ka-lime, umlotha nothuli lwentuthu. Lapho unisela, zama ukungathululeli amanzi ezimpondweni. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo, isikhathi semini siyadingeka ukukhulula kube ngama-cm angama-3-5. Ukukhulula inhlabathi kuhambisana nothuli ngopelepele oshisayo (omnyama noma obomvu), ngesilinganiso se-1 ithisipuni ngalinye ngo-1-2 m², noma lwesinaphi esomile (1 ithisipuni ngalinye nge-1 m² )
Isifo
Umlenze omnyama Kukhulunywa kakhulu lapho kunomswakama omningi kanye nomoya womswakama, kanye nasezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Ngalesi sifo, isiqu sezimpande se-isitshalo seqanda sonakalisiwe, sithambisa, amathanga nezirobho. Imvamisa, lesi sifo siqala ukukhula ngesikhathi sokutshala kwezithombo ngenxa yezilimo eziqinisiwe.
Izindlela zokulawula: lungisa izinga lokushisa nokunisela. Uma kwenzeka lesi sifo sikhona, inhlabathi kumele yomiswe, ithukululwe futhi ifafazwe ngomlotha wokhuni noma ngothuli lwamalahle ochotshoziwe.
Isifo esithambile kubonakaliswe ekulahleni kwamaqabunga. Imbangela ingaba yizifo fungal: Fusarium, sclerocinia. Uma usika ucezu lwesiqu eduze kwempande yentamo, khona-ke kubonakala izigaxana zamasipha ansundu.
Izindlela zokulawula: izitshalo ezigugile ezigulayo ziyasuswa futhi zishiswe, inhlabathi iyathukululwa, ayiqabulwa kuniselwa futhi ekuseni kuphela. Ngonyaka olandelayo, upelepele kanye nesitshalo seqanda akubotshwa kule ndawo.
Isitshalo seqanda © Rick NoelleI-yellow pregature yamaqabunga isitshalo seqanda kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokungahambisani nombuso wokushisa, ukuthambisa okunganele.
Izindlela zokulawula: Ungasebenzisa umuthi "i-Emerald", ovimbela ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izeluleko Ezilusizo
Ukungcoliswa okunganele kwezimbali kungaba yisizathu sokuvela kwezithelo ezingekho emthethweni (ezigobile). Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, kuyadingeka ukufaka impova yokufakelwa yezitshalo eziqhakazayo, okungukuthi, lapho kushisa, ilanga futhi kunesimo sezulu esishisayo, shwibeka izitshalo kancane.
Ukuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakeme libangela ukuqina kweziqu, ukuwa kwamahlamvu kanye namaqabunga kuzo zombili pepper kanye nesitshalo seqanda.
Ezindaweni ezivulekile, kuyadingeka ukuvikela ukutshala amaqanda isuka emoyeni usebenzisa amaphiko - ukutshala ezitshalweni ezinde ezitshalwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa nezithombo ezungeze imibhede (lezi izingulule, ubhontshisi, i-chard, i-leeks) futhi okuhle kunakho konke athela izithelo ngaphansi kwefilimu.
Ama-eggplant awagcini ngokufuna i-thermophilic futhi afunwa ngamanzi, kodwa futhi anezithombe eziningi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umthunzi ubangela ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni kanye nokuqhakaza kwezitshalo.
Njengoba uhlelo lwezimpande se-isitshalo seqanda lusetshenziselwa inhlabathi engenhla, ukukhululwa kufanele kube ngokungaxhunyiwe (cm 3-5) futhi kufanele kuhambisane ne-hilling eyisibopho.
Umquba omusha awufakwa embhedeni ngaphambi kokutshala ama-amaqanda amaqanda, ngoba azonikeza isisindo esiqinile (seqabunga) futhi ngeke akwazi ukwakha izithelo.
Isitshalo seqanda. © Bong GritIzithombo ezincane zesitshalo seqanda, ezitshalwe embhedeni, azikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi okungenani angama-2-3 (C), kanye nezitshalo ezivuthayo zasekwindla zimelana neqhwa ukuya ku-3 ° C Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine izitshalo ze-isitshalo seqanda endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma engadini kuze kube sekwindla.
Isitshalo seqanda sisiza ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile. Kufanele zinconywe i-edema ehambisana nokufiphala kwenhliziyo, nge-gout.
Ama-Dietitians ancoma ukufaka i-isitshalo seqanda kumenyu yalabo abahlushwa izifo zesibindi nezinso.
Ngenxa yethusi nensimbi, isitshalo seqanda kusiza ukukhulisa i-hemoglobin, ngakho-ke izitsha ze-eggplant zinconywa i-anemia ezinganeni nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Izinto ezilandelwayo eziqukethwe kuzo zilingana ngokuphelele, zinamavithamini B1, B2, B6, B9, C, P, PP, futhi kunezinto ezisebenzayo ezinomthelela omuhle emsebenzini wohlelo lwezinhliziyo nezinso.
Siyethemba ukuthi izeluleko zethu zizokusiza ukuthi ukhule le imifino emihle!
