Endle, i-hippeastrum itholakala eNingizimu Melika, kanti kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu nasendaweni ezishisayo, kanti ezinye zithanda imithambeka enamadwala, lapho izimo zokukhula zimbi kakhulu. Amabhuleki okuqala eza eYurophu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XVI, futhi ukugeleza kwe-hippeastrum kwenza kwaba nomthelela omkhulu emazweni e-Old World, lapho imfashini yezitshalo ze-bulb ithola amandla.
Kancane kancane, lesi sitshalo safundwa, abantu baseYurophu bafunda ukukhula kwe-hippeastrum nokuthi bangayinakekela kanjani imbali. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu, izitshalo ezi-hybrid zokuqala zatshalwa. Futhi uma emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziyishumi zezinhlobo zalezi zitshalo ezinamandla kakhulu, khona-ke inani lezinhlobo selivele lidlula izinkulungwane ezimbili. Namuhla, noma yimuphi umhumushi wezimbali owake wabona ukuqhakaza okumangalisa kwe-hippeastrum ngokuqinisekile ngeke ashiye umcabango wokuzihlobisa okwakhe iwindows ngesitshalo esihle.
I-Hippeastrum: Izici zesitshalo
Ngokuya ngohlobo nobudala, isibani se-hippeastrum sinobubanzi obuyi-5 kuye ku-10 cm futhi siqukethe isigaba esifushane sesiqu nezikali eziseduze ezivalekile.
Esifubeni sazo zonke izikali ezine, kwakhiwa iziqalo:
- i-peduncle, njengoba ifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-40-80 cm;
- enkulu yesikhathi esizayo, eqoqwe ngo-inflorescence wezingcezu ezi-2-6 zezimbali.
Amaqabunga e-hippeastrum akhiwe ngokuhlukile komunye nomunye, ngobubanzi, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, awudluli ku-4-5 cm, futhi ngobude afinyelela ku-50-70 cm. Umlimi wezimbali, ozoqala ukukhula nge-hippeastrum, kufanele azi ukuthi unyaka walesi sitshalo uhlukaniswe kathathu okuhlukile inkathi:
- ukuqhakaza;
- imifino;
- ukuthula.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali okulindelwe, eziqongweni zezimbobo ezivulekile izimbali ezibomvu, ezimhlophe ezipinki, ezimthende futhi ezinamabala zihlala ezihlathini zivulekile.
Ama-bulbs amakhulu angakha ama-peduncle amabili noma amathathu, kepha ama-typimens anamaqabunga angaphansi kwamane noma angafinyeleli ububanzi obuyi-6-7 cm kule nkathi akunakwenzeka ukuthi athande ukuqhakaza.
Amacembe avela munye ngasikhathi sinye cishe ngenyanga, lapho ngemuva kokuqhakaza isitshalo siphumula izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, akukho zimpawu zangaphandle zokukhula kwe-bulb, kepha kwakha amandla. Imicibisholo enemibala egqamile ivela kanye ngonyaka, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, njengasesithombeni, i-hippeastrum ekhaya ijabulisa kabili ukuqhakaza. Isikhathi nesikhathi salesi sikhathi kuncike ezinhlotsheni ezikhethiwe, izici zokunakekelwa, ikakhulukazi, ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ngokwesilinganiso, izimbali zihlala cishe amasonto amathathu.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi abatshali bezimbali abakwazi ukufeza ukuvela kwemicibisholo yezimbali esitshalweni. Ungayinakekela kanjani i-hippeastrum, ukuze ngaphezu kwamaqabunga, isibani sihlala sakha ama-peduncle? Isizathu sokuntuleka kwezimbali kwesinye isikhathi yizimo ezingalungile zokukhulisa i-hippeastrum noma izakhiwo ze-bulb:
- Ibhalbhu iyenqaba ukuqhakaza, isikhathi eside ihlala endaweni enomthunzi noma emafasiteleni asenyakatho, lapho kunokukhanya okunganele unyaka wonke.
- Ibhodwe elikhulu kakhulu noma eliminyene, i-hippeastrum futhi ngezinye izikhathi aliqhakaza.
- Imibuso yezimbali ekhethiwe kahle ithinteka ngokunisela, ukugqoka phezulu, kanye nokwakheka kwenhlabathi.
- Ungakhohlwa ngokuphumula okudingekayo kwe-bulb ehlala izinyanga ezingama-2,5, lapho i-hippeastrum kufanele ithunyelwe endaweni epholile emnyama.
Uma kungekho sizathu ezibonakalayo zokwenqaba ukuqhakaza, isibani siphilile futhi sondlekile, singenziwa ukuthi siphonsa ngaphandle kwesiqu sezimbali ngokusebenzisa enye yezindlela zabo ezifakazelwe:
- Maphakathi nehlobo, sika wonke amaqabunga ama-bulbs bese uyeka ukuthambisa. Ngemuva kwenyanga, ukuthambisa kuyaqaliswa futhi kwenziwa ukondla okukodwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, amaqabunga nezimbali ziyavela ku-hippeastrum.
- Iqoqo lama-buds libuye libonakale ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25 ngemuva kokulashwa okwamahora amathathu kwe-bulb ngamanzi afudumele ku-43-45 ° C.
- Ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo kwe-hippeastrum ngo-Agasti, lesi sitshalo asisanakwanga futhi kuze kube nguJanuwari sidluliselwe endaweni emnyama ebandayo endaweni emnyama. Amaviki angama-5-6 ngemuva kokuphinda kuqalile ukuthambisa, isibaluli sinikeza ukuqhuma.
Ukuze ube nezimbali eziseqophelweni eliphezulu, kubalulekile ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula i-bulb ikwazi ukwelulama futhi yakhe i-peduncle. Uma i-bulb ingenayo umsoco, mhlawumbe isikhathi sesifikile lapho ukufakelwa kwe-hippeastrum kumane kudingekile. Lokhu kungafakazelwa ngokugoba izimpande zawo wonke amahlaya asemhlabeni. Ungakhohlwa ukondla i-hippeastrum.
Ukululama isikhathi eside phakathi kwesigaba esikhulayo nangesikhathi sokulahlwa kwesidumbu kudinga ama-bulbs amancane, kanye nalawo abhekane nohlobo oluthile lwesifo noma ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.
Isikhathi sokuphumula sibandakanya ukukhishwa kwama-bulbs anempilo, alungiselelwe kahle endaweni epholile, emnyama. Imvamisa, ama-burbsterum "abalele" kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari. Ungayinakekela kanjani imbali ukuze amabhlogo e-hippeastrum aqhamuke ngemuva kosuku olufanele? Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngalesi sikhathi akudingeki, futhi ama-bulbs adala imibandela ekhethekile:
- Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu-12-14 ° C.
- Ukufiphala okugcwele.
- Umoya womile, umswakama awudluli kuma-50-60%.
- Ukunisela nokugqoka okuphezulu kuyeka ngokuphelele.
Ungayifaka kanjani futhi kanjani i-hippeastrum?
Ama-Hippeastrums asheshe afunde isigaxa sodaka ebhodweni bese amunca zonke izakhi zomhlabathi.
Ngakho-ke, ungasifaka isitshalo cishe njalo ngonyaka. Kudluliswa nini i-hippeastrum kube lula futhi kungabi buhlungu kubuhlungu besitshalo? Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokufakelwa isibani yisikhathi:
- ngaphambi kokuba ugcinwe isikhathi sokuphumula;
- ngemuva kokukhululwa kwe "hibernation" yabo;
- ngaphambi kokuqhuma;
- ngemuva kokuqhakaza, uma sikhuluma ngesitshalo esisanda kutholwa esitholakala ebhodweni lezokuthutha naphansi.
Ngaphambi kokudlulisa i-hippeastrum:
- ama-bulbs afile asuswa ngokucophelela kusuka kuma-bulbs;
- batadisha uhlelo lwezimpande, uma kunesidingo, banquma izimpande ezibolile noma ezilimele futhi belapha ukusikwa nge-fungicide.
Inhlabathi ye-hippeastrum kufanele ibe lula, iqonde, ibe ne-acidity ephansi futhi iphezulu izakhi zomzimba nosawoti wamaminerali.
Uma kufanele uthenge ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo, lapho kukhula i-hippeastrum kungcono ukhethe inhlabathi yezilimo ze-bulb, bese unikeza ukukhululeka ukuyixosha nge-vermiculite noma nesihlabathi.
Lapho ingxube yobumba ihlanganiswa ngokuzimela, sebenzisa izingxenye ezintathu zenhlabathi enamaqabunga kanye nesengezo engxenyeni eyodwa ye-humus, uma kunesidingo, isihlabathi nofulawa we-dolomite kuxutshwe nenhlabathi:
- Ukukhulisa i-hippeastrum, imbiza yanele, izindonga zazo ezi-3 cm ukusuka ku-isibani. Izitsha ezinamandla eziningi zilimaza izimbali kuphela.
- Ngezansi, ungqimba lwamamozi luhlelwe kahle.
- Futhi isibani sitshaliwe ukuze iningi laso lihlale lingaphezulu komhlaba.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ama zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho ukunakekelwa okufanayo kwe-hippeastrum kuyaqhubeka, esithombeni, njengasekhaya. Futhi ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, ama-bulbi ayambiwa adluliselwe egumbini.
Ukukhanyisela ukukhula kwe-hippeastrum
Ama-Hippeastrums ayizithombe futhi azizwa engcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kakhulu, futhi akakubekezelela nokuvezwa yilanga ngqo.
Kepha emthunzini, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kabi, isibani siqala kabusha ukukhula bese sikhula. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kungahlulelwa ngamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, nama-peduncle. Emthunzini, isitshalo sakho singase singanikeli nakancane amahlumela. Uma ufuna ukubona ukuqhakaza okuhle okuqhakaza efasiteleni lakho, khetha amafasitela aseningizimu yendlu.
Ukushisa komoya kanye nezimpawu zokunisela lapho kukhula i-hippeastrum
Ukuze ugcine izimbali ezitshalweni isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya kwe-hippeastrum kuhlinzeka ngokudalwa kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu nomswakama.
- Izinga lokushisa lasemini lasemini ngu-20-22 ° C;
- Ebusuku, umoya kufanele upholile kancane, cishe ngo-18 ° C.
I-Hippeastrum ayizithandi izinguquko zokushisa; ngesikhathi sesitoreji, kubalulekile ukuthi unganciphisi ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngaphansi kuka-5,5 C, okungalimaza ukuqhuma kwezimbali. Kepha esivandeni, amafrimu wesikhathi esifushane afinyelela ku-1 ° C isitshalo, uma embozwe ngezinto ezingahambisani nokwelukiweyo.
Umswakama ofanele womoya walolu hlobo lwe-bulb ngu-75-80%.
Ukuchelela lapho kukhula i-hippeastrum nakho kunemininingwane yayo. Kuze kukhuphuke umcibisholo ngo-10-15 cm, lesi sitshalo simunyiswa ngokulinganisela, siqinisekise ukuthi ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi phakathi kokunisela luyoma.
Njengoba izimbali ziqala ukuvuleka, inani lomswakama liyakhuphuka, lizama ukuvimbela okuchichima ezimpandeni.
Umsoco we-Hippeastrum
Ukondliwa kokuqala kwe-hippeastrum kwenziwa kungakapheli amasonto ayi-4-6 ngemuva kokuba isitshalo "sivukile". Ngemuva kwalokho imbali kufanele ithole ukwesekwa ngohlobo lomanyolo njalo emavikini amabili, kanti umanyolo wokugcina wenziwa inyanga ngaphambi kokuthumela ama bullet ukuyophumula.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuhlala kuhlanganiswa nokuphuza ukuze umanyolo ungene emhlabathini omanzi.
Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ekudleni kwe-hippeastrum yi-potassium. Lapho amabhlogo e-hippeastrum, avundiswa ngengxube ye-phosphorus-potassium enezelwa okuncane kwe-nitrogen. Njengoba amaqabunga evela, ingxenye ye-nitrogen iyanda, iletha inani le-phosphorus. Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ukushintshanisa umanyolo ngomanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali kungashintshwa. Uma kusetshenziswe ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, kungcono ukukhetha ingxube ye-anyanisi, lapho isilinganiso se-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium siku-1: 3: 4.5.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-hippeastrum, uma lesi sitshalo sikhule ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, kusisombululo sezakhi zomzimba? Kulokhu, kuzodinga amalitha ayi-10 amanzi:
- 3 amagremu we-magnesium sulfate;
- Amagremu ama-9 wamanyolo we-potash;
- 3 amagremu we-ammonium nitrate;
- Amagremu angu-7 we-superphosphate,
- kanye nengxube yezinto ezilandelwayo.
Lapho ukhula i-hippeastrum, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi i-nitrogen ethe xaxa isongela izifo. Amabhu anjalo angabola futhi abekezelele isikhathi esibi kakhulu.
