Igama lesiLatini lama-raspberries - uRubus idaeus lenziwa lisuselwa kumagama athi rubus - "obomvu" nemibono - igama lendawo yezintaba esiqhingini saseKrethe, ngokusho kwenganekwane, indawo lapho ukhokho wasendle ehlathini ukhula khona. Ama-raspberry asendle aba ukhokho wezilimo eziningi. Namuhla, inani labo lisemakhulu, futhi okungenani elilodwa liqinisekile ukutholakala kuzo zonke izingadi. I-raspiberi ibheli eliyingqayizivele ngezimpawu zalo zokudla, futhi ukulima kwazo, njengomthetho, akunzima, ngoba ama-raspberries asakazeka njengokhula! Kodwa ukuze uthole amajikijolo amakhulu futhi amakhulu, udinga ukulandela inqubo efanele yezolimo yalesi sitshalo. Lokhu kungumbhalo wethu.
Amajikijolo okusajingijolo esihlahleni.
Ukuchazwa kwesitshalo
Ama-raspberries ajwayelekile (URubus idaeus) - isihlahla esiqabayo ngesigqi sangemuva, lapho ukuphakama okuvela emizileni kuhlangana kufinyelela kumamitha ayisigamu nengxenye kuthuthukiswa okuphezulu. I-rhizome iyisono, inamahloni, futhi izimpande eziningi ezingaphansi zakha uhlelo olunamandla olunamagatsha anamanzi. Iziqu okusajingijolo ziqondile. Amahlumela wonyaka wokuqala anotshani, aluhlaza okotshani obomvana, onomhluzi, ombozwe imifino emincane evamile.
Amaqabunga okusajingijolo ayindilinga, ehlukile, i-pethiolate, iyinkimbinkimbi, enamaqabunga ama-ovate ama-3-7, aluhlaza okotshani ngaphezulu, mhlophe ngaphansi, i-pubescent ngezinwele ezincane.
Izimbali ze-raspberry zimhlophe, cishe 1 cm yonkana, ziqoqwe kuma inflorescence amancane ezinhlanga, atholakala eziqongweni zeziqu noma kuma-axils amaqabunga. Ama-petals amafushane kunendebe.
Izithelo ze-raspiberi zingamawele amancane anezinwele, akhule endaweni yokwenziwa isithelo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Izithelo zivela hhayi kuphela amahlumela konyaka wesibili. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izithelo nazo ziyavela amahlumela konyaka wokuqala maphakathi nekwindla. Lezi amahlumela ziba nsundu futhi zibe nsundu, amagatsha aqhakaza izithelo ezinezimbali aqhakaza kusuka kuma-axils amaqabunga.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokutshala izithelo, amagatsha aseceleni ayoma, kepha iziqu ezintsha zikhula zisuka ezimpandeni ezifanayo ngonyaka olandelayo. Maphakathi neRussia, ama-raspberries aqhakaza kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube ngu-Agasti.
Imithetho yokutshala ama-raspberries
Lapho ufika, kufanele ukhethe indawo evikelekile emoyeni nendawo enomswakama enokufinyelela kwamahhala elangeni. Ama-raspberry afunwa kakhulu emhlabathini kunezinye izitshalo ezingama-berry. Iba ngcono kakhulu kunesihlabathi esikhanyayo noma inhlabathi evumayo enezinto eziphansi komhlaba ezingenayo.
Izithombo ezingamajikijolo zitshalwa noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kokuvuthwa, noma ekwindla, ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga. Izinsuku zokutshala zincike ezimweni zezulu zasendaweni. Imvamisa, ukutshala ekwindla kunconyelwa kakhulu, nokho, kuleli cala, uma iqhwa lingawa isikhathi eside bese iqhwa lihlala ngasikhathi sinye, izithombo zingafa.
Okokufaka, ikhwalithi yezithombo raspberry ibaluleke kakhulu. Kumele akhule kahle, anezimpande ezinamandla ze-fibrous.
Okusajingijolo yisitshalo esinezithombe eziningi. Ezindaweni ezingakhanyisiwe kahle, ama-raspberries athuthukisa amahlumela amancanyana, ama-buds angama-fruiting angenamandla, kamuva akhiqiza izimbali ezimbalwa namajikijolo. Ngokutshala okusajingijolo, khetha izindawo ezibushelelezi ezinomthambeka omncane we-2 ° -3 °.
Izithombo ze-raspberry zitshalwe ngemigqa, ibanga phakathi kwalo okuyi-1,3 m. Emugqeni phakathi kwezihlahla okungu-0.5 m.
Lapho utshala ama-raspberries, imithetho elandelayo kufanele ibonwe:
- isikhundla izimpande okusajingijolo ngokuqondile, ngaphandle kokuziqondisela phezulu;
- kunhlabathi ekhanyayo, qinisa intamo yezimpande ngo-5 cm, emhlabathini osindayo, uwushiye usezingeni lomhlaba.
Ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo kufanele siniselwe ngesilinganiso sebhakede lamanzi ezihlahleni ezi-3, emva kwalokho indawo yokutshala kufanele ifakwe emanzini. Esizeni esikhula ngokusajingijolo, kufanele kufakwe ama-trellises, lapho kamuva kuzoba nesidingo sokubopha amahlumela athela izithelo.
Ama-raspberries.
Ukuzifaka esizeni, zigaya ngezinsika ngokulandelana kwama-raspberries ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-5 ukusuka komunye nomunye zidonsa imigqa emibili yocingo ukuphakama okuyi-0,6 m no-1 m. Ngemuva kokutshala, ama-raspberries aqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka.
Ukunakekela i-raspberry
Ngezimpawu zayo zemvelo, ama-raspberries angawezitshalo ezithambisa inhlabathi ngokuqinile futhi akhiphe izakhi eziningi kuso. Kungakho omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ekunakekeleni ama-raspberries ukugcina nokulungisa umswakama wenhlabathi (ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo) nezakhi zomsoco.
Lokhu kutholakala ngokukhulula inhlabathi nokulawula ukhula. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, lapho izihlahla zingakakhuli, inhlabathi ingatshalwa emikhondweni emide futhi edlulayo. Lezo nzalo ezingadingeki ekusakazweni kwama-raspberries kufanele zichithwe ngenkathi kukhululwa inhlabathi.
Minyaka yonke, ama-raspberry avundiswa ngohlobo oluthile lomanyolo we-organic (umquba, i-peat, njll) noma izingxube ze-organo-mineral. Ngokusebenzisa ngokweqile kumanyolo (ikakhulukazi lawo yi-nitrogenous), ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwamahlumela kuyabonakala, okungenzeka kungavuthwa ngakho-ke kubandise ebusika.
Lapho izithelo ziqala ukubeka, kusiza ukondla ama-raspberries nge-slurry noma i-droppings yenkukhu, futhi lapho kunemvula encane khona ngoJuni-Julayi, kuyadingeka ukunisela ama-raspberries. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngokuvumela amanzi ngemisele noma ngokufafaza.
Ngokuvamile, ukunakekela ama-raspberries kulula. Entwasahlobo, kuqukethe ukukhulula amahlumela kusuka eqhweni nokusika iziqongo ngo-15-20 cm wokuthuthukisa ama-lateral buds. Amajikijolo phezu kwawo aboshwe kusuka phezulu cishe kuze kube semhlabathini, ukuvuthwa okuthe xaxa kwamajikijolo kwenzeka, umkhiqizo we-raspberry uyanda.
Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kubandakanya ukukhulula inhlabathi, kususwe ukhula. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ufike sekwedlule isikhathi nasemajikijolo akhulayo, kube sengathi usephuze ungalimaza amahlumela akhula raspberries.
Amahlumela we-raspberry asegundwe kufanele asikwe ukuze angabi ngumthombo wezifo futhi ungawugqizi umhlabathi. Amahlumela wonyaka owengeziwe nawo asikiwe, okushiya i-4-7 yokwenza izithelo.
Amahlumela wokuqala amajikijolo ahlala akhula ngokushesha ngakho-ke atheleleka kakhudlwana ngokubuka amabala onsomi, onakaliswe i-raspberry fly, futhi aqhekeke kalula ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya nemvula. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kungcono ukwakha ihlumela le-raspberry kusuka amahlumela wegagasi lokukhula lesibili. Amathuba amancane okulimala yizinambuzane futhi angenwa yileli gciwane. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula raspberry, amahlumela wegagasi lesibili afinyelela ubude obungu-1,6-1,8 m.
Ama-raspberry angakhiqiza izilimo ezinhle endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eyi-12 noma ngaphezulu, uma kwenziwa umanyolo njalo. Iminyaka engu-2-2 emva kwenhlangano yendawo yama-raspberries, imvamisa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ama-5-8 kg we-humus nge-1 sq. M asetshenziswa emhlabathini. m., engeza i-10-15 gr. umanyolo we-potash, phosphorus kanye ne-nitrogen. Ngokugqoka okuphezulu kwehlobo, uhlelo lomanyolo luholela ekukhuleni okwandayo kwamahlumela we-raspberry waminyaka yonke.
Ukukhetha okusajingijolo nesitoreji
Amajikijolo okusajingijolo, othathwe esihlahleni, ungaqambi amanga isikhathi eside, gcina ukuphapheme, ubuningi, usuku noma ezimbili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajikijolo alimala kalula kokubili ngesikhathi sokuvuna naphakathi kokulondolozwa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuwaqoqa njengoba kudingeka futhi ungawafaki ungqimba obukhulu ukuze angakhubeki ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo. Amajikijolo esihlahleni esisodwa uvuthwa ngejubane elihlukile amasonto ambalwa.
Ungagcina ama-raspberry isikhathi eside ngokubanda. Ngaphambi kokubeka amajikijolo efrijini, kunconywa ukuwabeka epuletini ukuze angabisi iqhwa. Amajikijolo aqandisiwe abese edluliselwa ezikhwameni zepulasitiki noma kwezinye izinto futhi agcinwe efrijini izinyanga ezimbili.
Ukusakazwa okusajingijolo
Amajikijolo asatshalaliswa yizithombo zezimpande ezi-lignified ne-green, ukusika okuluhlaza nezimpande. Izinto zokutshala kumele zithathwe ezihlahleni ezinempilo, ezineminyaka engama-3-5 ubudala. Inzalo eyizimpande yokutshala imvamisa ithathwa ekwindla esimweni esivumelanayo. Ungabathatha endaweni enotshani, kepha uma isimo sezulu sishisa ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokusinda lizoba libi kakhulu.
Izimpande ezisikiwe kahle zithathwa kahle ngebanga le-2 -4 mm, kanye nobude obungu-8 kuya ku-12 cm. Zingatshalwa kuqala esikoleni, bese zenziwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Ukusabalalisa ama-raspberries asikiwe ngokuhlaza okusikiwe kunzima futhi kube nzima.
Amajikijolo okusajingijolo.
Indlela ejwayelekile yokusakazwa kwama-raspberries ukusetshenziswa kwezimpande. Lapho uzimba, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi izinso ezisezintanjeni zezimpande azonakaliswa, ngenxa yazo, amahlumela amancane akhula kokuqala, unyaka emva kokutshala.
Izithombo ezikhethiwe zokutshala kufanele zibe ne-lobe enhle yezimpande enobude okungenani be-10 cm, bese idubula ubukhulu - okungenani 8 mm, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zezifo.
Ungasakaza ama-raspberries nezisiki zezimpande. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusula isigaba esidala. Zokutshala thatha izimpande ezingeziwe ukushuba kwepensela, okukhona kuzo ukuqunjelwa okungathandeki nokuqala kwamahlumela. Zinqunywa zibe yizicucu ngobude obungama-25-30 cm bese zibekwa eziseleni ezilungiselelwe. Le ndlela yokutshala ihlathi iqeda amathuba okudluliswa kwendawo yokubuka imibala onsomi.
Ngazo zonke izindlela zokusakazwa kwama-raspberries, izithombo kumele zibe nohlelo oluhle lwezimpande. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungawomisi. Ukuze lokhu, izimpande zicwilisa kubhasikidi wobumba, ngesikhathi sokuhamba zimbozwe nge-burlap, ifilimu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ngentuthuko enhle yama-raspberries nokuthola isivuno esiphakeme ukukhetha okuyiyona ndawo yokutshala. Kufanele ivikelwe emoyeni, ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga, futhi iqongelele iqhwa ngokwanele ebusika.
I-raspberry ayithandi okusalungiswa, ethunzini ithinteka yizifo fungal, iqina ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala ngeqhwa. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokutshala ama-raspberries emgqeni owodwa eceleni komngcele wendawo, ngenkathi kubukwa ibanga eli-1 m ukusuka emngceleni. Ngale ndlela yokutshala, izihlahla ezi-raspberry zikhanyiswe kahle yilanga, ezingathinteki kangako yizifo zokukhunta.
Amajikijolo angakhula futhi athele izithelo kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kepha ukhetha isihlabathi esikhanyayo nesihlabathi esimnandi, esinothile ku-humus futhi oswakanyiswe kahle. Emhlabathini osindayo, kuba kubi kakhulu. Akubekezeleli ukusondela kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba.
Izici zokukhula kwama-raspberries amnyama, onsomi kanye no-blackberry
Okumnyama nokumfushane (okuyi-hybrid emnyama nokubomvu), ama-amajikijolo akhula ngokuheha ukuheha abalimi abangama-amateur eSiberia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezingxube ze-P-esebenzayo kumajikijolo, ukunambitheka okusajingijolo okumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zimelana kakhulu nokugqokwa kwamabala onsomi nomiyane okusajingijolo, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okuqinile kwe-waxy futhi prickly, namajikijolo aminyene - ukubola.
Umsebenzi wokukhetha nama-raspberries amnyama wenziwa e-All-Union Research Institute of Gardening eqanjwe ngemuva kwalokho IMichurina, NIZISNP, enama-amajikijolo - eningizimu yezwe.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-raspberries amnyama namfushane yilezi: i-Cumberland, iRiddle, iBlack Fan, i-Amethyst; amajikijolo - i-Agawam, Texas, Abundant, Eastern. Abathathu bokugcina banqotshwa yi-I.V. Michurin ngokutshala imbewu yeLoganberry raspberry-blackberry hybrid. Zonke azikho ebusika-lukhuni, ngakho-ke zidinga indawo yokuhlala enhle. Ubuchwepheshe benhlabathi bokunakekela ezolimo bokukhulisa ama-raspberries amnyama kanye namajikijolo aluhlaza abufana nokubomvu. Kepha kunezici ezithile ezihambisana ne-biology yalezinhlobo.
Ama-raspberries amnyama athambekele ekushoneni kwe-verticillum, ngakho-ke ukutshala akufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokusondela: amazambane, utamatisi. Awungeke uyitshale eduze kwama-raspberries abomvu, angatheleleka kuwo nge-mosaic eluhlaza, enokulimaza kancane kokugcina.
Ama-raspberries amnyama.
Ama-raspberries amnyama nama-amajikijolo - izitshalo zasehlathini izitshalo azinikezi inzalo, zakha amahlumela kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka nokusika kunezimpawu zabo. Lapho amahlumela wonyaka efinyelela ukuphakama okungama-50-60 cm, aphawule. Ukukhula kuyamiswa, kepha ama-axillary aqhuma, okuvela kuwo amahlumela akhula abe imitha futhi isikhathi eside ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Izifo ze-raspberry kanye nezinambuzane
Strawberry okusajingijolo Weevil
Isinambuzane esincane esimpunga esimnyama. IBhungane lilimaza kakhulu amaqabunga amancanyana, izimbali ze-gnaw ezikhipha ubumnyama ngokushesha bese ziwa. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ngamahlumela. Izibungu ezivele lapho zidla ingxenye yentyatyambo nemidlwane. Kulula ukuzithola: uma wephula isigaxa sokomisa, sizoqukatha isibungu esincane esingenamibala sombala omhlophe nekhanda eliphuzi. Ukusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaJulayi amabhungane amasha aqhamuka izibungu, ezilimaza amaqabunga. Ebusika, izimbungulu zifihla ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile nangaphansi kwenqwaba yenhlabathi.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ama-raspberries afafazwa nge-Iskra, Confidor noma okunye okunjalo. Ngemuva kokukha amajikijolo, ama-raspberry bush aphathwa okwesibili nge-karbofos.
Ibhungane okusajingijolo
Enye yezinambuzane eziphambili zama-raspberries. Amabhungane kanye nezibungu ezilimaza izibungu. Amajikijolo awafaneleki ukuthengiswa okusha nokusebenza. Umzimba webhungane ungama-oval oval, ngwephuzi mphuzi, ubude obungu-2,5-3 mm. Izibungu zimhlophe ngokukhanyayo, ikhanda limdaka. Izimbungulu zabantu abadala nezibungu ziyingozi. Ngemuva kokudalwa kobusika enhlabathini eduzane nesihlahla kuya ekujuleni kuka-10 cm, amabhungane avela ngoJuni 5 kuya ku-20.
Okokuqala, baphila ukhula, izimbali zezithelo nezinye izitshalo ezingama-berry, bese badlulela kuma-raspberry. Kumaqabunga amancane, amabhungane adla inyama phakathi kwemithambo. Kamuva amabhungane adla ama-stamens kanye nama-pistils. I-larvae ilimaza amajikijolo ngokudla ama-Drupes nangokwenza i-stalk. Isisindo samajikijolo ambi ancishiswa ngo-50%, abola futhi alahlekelwe yizimpawu zokuhweba. Ukulimala kuma-raspberries ezingadini ngazinye kufinyelela ku-100%. Ubhungane kanye nezibungu zobusika enhlabathini eduze nezihlahla. Ziyavela lapho izinga lokushisa lomphezulu lifinyelela ku-12-13 ° C.
AmaBhungane atholakala ngamanani amakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lapho izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo ngezimbali, okuvela kuzo izibungu ekupheleni kukaJuni. Ngemuva kwentuthuko, izibungu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40 kuya ku-5 zingena emhlabathini ukuze zithathwe.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukufafaza izitshalo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ngezinhlamvu ezingama-0,2% noma amalungiselelo "Iskra", "Decis", "Confidor". Ukumba inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezimobeni nasezigcawini ngesikhathi sokuhlwitha kuya ekujuleni kuka-15 cm
Ukudutshulwa kweGalicia, noma umiyane we-raspberry
Isidleke esikhulu esisakazekele endaweni eyi-non-Chernozem nakwezinye izindawo ezingxenyeni zaseYurophu zaseRussia. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda emiqhekeni egangeni lamahlumela amancane, lapho kungatholakala khona izibungu zamawolintshi ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Izibungu ziphila ngaphansi kwe-cortex kungqimba lwe-cambial. Ezindaweni zokondla, zakha amabala ansundu, athi kancane kancane abe mnyama. Izibungu zibangela ukufa kwegxolo kanye nokuphuma kwamahlumela.
Ngemuva kokondla, izibungu ziwela emhlabathini bese zihlela ukhukhunathi wesigcawu ekujuleni okujulile. Kwisitshalo esonakaliswe kakhulu entwasahlobo, kukhona amahlumela amaningi aphuliwe ubude be-10-15 cm ukusuka ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. IGalitsa ingabhubhisa kufika ku-80% wesilimo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukufafaza kabili kwezitshalo nomhlabathi ezansi zazo nge-0,2% ye-malathion emulsion ekuqaleni kokukhishwa kwe-galice (ukuqala kokukhula kwamahlumela amancane) nangemva kwezinye izinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ukuswelwa ngokuphelele ekwindla noma entwasahlobo okufika ku-10 cm ngokujula kwesendlalelo kusiza ekubhubhiseni ingxenye yobusika bezibungu emikhunjini. Ukusika nokushisa amahlumela okonakele.
Okusajingijolo izinso
Ibhabhathane elincane. I-larva iyingozi, ibomvu ngokugqamile nekhanda elinsundu elimnyama, ifinyelela ku-9 mm ubude. Ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwezinso okusajingijolo, izibungu ziluma ezinso futhi zidle. Ngemuva kokubhubhisa izinso, izibungu zizethula zingene ihlumela. Eminyakeni yokuzala kabusha, izibungu zilimaza cishe ama-90% ezinso. Kusakazeke ezindaweni ezifika ezindala.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukusika nokubhubhisa amahlumela ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amacimbi ashiye izindawo zobusika. Ukufafaza nge-0.3% karbofos emulsion ngesikhathi sokudumba kwezinso noma nge-Iskra, i-Decis, nezixazululo ze-Confidor.
Isiyingi se-raspberry fly
Izimpunga ezincane (ukuya ku-5 mm) izimpunga. Izibungu eziyingozi. Benza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okujikelezayo esiqwini kuya ezisekelweni zamahlumela.Ngasikhathi sinye, izihloko zezithombo ezincane zibopha futhi zigobeke, bese zimnyama bese zifa.
Izindlela zokulawula. Amahlumela owonakalisiwe asika phansi futhi abhubhise. Ama-larvae afa kancane lapho egaya inhlabathi. Ukufafaza nge-0.3% karbofos emulsion ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa noma ngezixazululo ze-Iskra, i-Decis, amalungiselelo we-Confidor.
Anthracnose
Umenzeli obangela lesi sifo yi-mushroom, uthinta amaqabunga, isiqu, amahlumela amasha, ngesinye isikhathi amajikijolo. Amabala amancane avela emaqabungeni, ayindilinga, aphuzi anemngcele onsomi. Izicubu ezithintekile ziyaphuma. Kuma-petioles amaqabunga amabala mancane, acindezelekile, ngendlela yezilonda. Kumaqubu, amabala awashintshi, anombala onsomi ngombala onomngcele onsomi obubende. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala ahlangana abe yizilonda ezingapheli, izicubu ziphenduke zibe nsundu, amagxolo abe exfoliates.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukufafazwa kwentwasahlobo kokuqala kwamasethi nge-3% nitrafen solution noma ngo-5% solution we-urea. Ukuncipha ngesikhathi esifanele kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry, ukusika kwamahlumela athintekile. Ukufafaza amahlumela ngesixazululo esingu-1% se-Bordeaux fluid - ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuvuna, noma ngomuthi “Topaz”.
Ukubuka amabala okuyiphutha
Isikhunta sithinta zonke izingxenye zezinto zasemoyeni: iziqu, ama-buds, amaqabunga ama-petioles, amaqabunga. Izindawo ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zivela ezixineni, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwephuzu lokunamathiselwa kwepende leqabunga, elikhula ngokushesha futhi liqhakaze ngokuqinile ngemuva kwesisekelo segxolo elikhanyayo lamahlumela we-raspberry wonyaka.
Lapho ukukhula kukhula, amabala aba nsundu ngombala ophakathi nendawo okhanyayo, lapho ama-tubercles amakhulu ansundu ahlakazeka khona. Ngonyaka olandelayo, entwasahlobo, iziqu ziphuma ngaphansi kweqhwa elinamabala afanayo ansundu. Lapho-ke indawo yokugcwala iyaqaqamba, Ngokutheleleka okunamandla okubuka amabala onsomi, ama-50-85% ezinso ayafa, amahlumela asala ngemuva ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni. Izinga lamajikijolo liyawohloka. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezingezinhle, amahlumela ayoma. Izitshalo ezilinyazwe umiyane we-raspberry stem zigula ikakhulukazi.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuqala kwentwasahlobo kufafaza nge 2% nitrafen solution. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux: isifutho sokuqala - ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kwesesibili - emva kokuvuna. Sebenzisa ukutshala impahla enempilo yokutshala. Ukusika amahlumela athintekile. Ukuncipha okwesikhashana kwamahlumela ukuqinisekisa ukusakazeka komoya okungcono.
Indawo emhlophe
I-ejenti ye-causative iyikhowe, ithinta amaqabunga neziqu ze-raspberries. Izindawo ezinamabala agqagqene emaqabungeni, ekuqaleni zinombala onsundu bese zimhlophe, zinomngcele omncane onsundu. Maphakathi nehlobo, amachashazi amnyama ayakha esiqongweni seqabunga enkabeni yamabala.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhungo esimhlophe sabalahlesi siyawa futhi siphume. Ngokukhula okuqinile kwalesi sifo, kwakheka izindawo eziningi, izicubu eziphakathi kwabo ziphenduka zibe nsundu futhi ingxenye enkulu yepuleti leqabunga iyafa. Kuvela amachashazi amnyama ezihlahleni - imizimba yezithelo. Izicubu ezithintekayo zimbozwe imifantu emide futhi edlulayo. Amagxolo asonta kanye namapheya.
Izindlela zokulawula. Okufanayo nangokubala onsomi.
Ama-raspberries.
Ukubona indawo okugcwele kweziqu
Lesi sifo saziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza we-raspberry stalk. Kuvela amabala ansundu angavamile ezinhlangeni, akhula ngokushesha phezu kwesiqu. Amabhola amnyama ahlakazeka ngokungahleliwe ezindaweni ezinamabala, lapho kuvela khona inqwaba ye-powdery emnyama engcolile yamabala ezinhlamvu. Ngemuva kwalokho, izicubu ezithintekayo ziqala ukuqhekeka eceleni bese ibala liba manzi.
Izilonda zakha kancane ngokujulile kune-anthracnose, kepha zinkulu. I-pathogen ithelelelela izitshalo, eziqala ngoJuni, phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhula, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona ukulimala kwemishini yizinambuzane kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Isikhunta singena kuma-50% eziqu. On amahlumela onesifo, amagatsha izithelo ziyafa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa amajikijolo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukutshala izinto zokutshala ezinempilo. Ukuzisika kuthinte amahlumela bese kuyashisa ngokushesha. Ukuvimbela umiyane we-raspberry umiyane - kunciphisa amahlumela ukudala umswakama ojwayelekile wesihlobo. Ukufafaza ngempumelelo ngesisombululo se-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux - ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuvuna.
Umdlavuza wegciwane webacteria
Amagciwane athinta i-rhizome, ikakhulukazi izimpande ezinomonakalo womshini. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamagciwane, amangqamuzana aqala ukuhlukana, izicubu ziyakhula, kukhula ukukhula, kuqala kube yincane, kukhanye bese kuba lukhuni, kube nokuxubha, kube nsundu. Ku-raspberries, ukukhula kuyancipha, ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi nesomiso kuyancipha, futhi umkhiqizo uyancipha. Uma kwenzeka kulimala engxenyeni esemaphakathi yezimpande, lesi sitshalo siyafa. Ngokutshala isikhathi eside kwama-raspberries endaweni eyodwa ezilondeni, aze afike kuma-60% ezihlahla.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukubekwa kwamaBhukumaka enezinto zokutshala ezinempilo. Ukubulala amagciwane izimpande ngaphambi kokutshala ukucwiliswa imizuzu engama-2-3 kusisombululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi.
UMose
Isifo segciwane. Kuyathinta amaqabunga, amahlumela. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zivela emaqabunga amancanyana, lapho amafomu asakazeka khona ngokuphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi, okwenza amaqabunga aba ngamahlamvu ahlukahlukene. Kwesinye isikhathi i-oyestoy kanye nezindawo ezinamafutha amaningi, ezindaweni ezivuvukayo kuvela amaqabunga. Amahlumela aba mncane, ibhulashi yezithelo ayithuthukiswa kahle, ifinyezwe, inika amajikijolo amancane, amancane, awomile, amajikijolo amuncu.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukusetshenziswa kokutshala okunempilo; ukususwa kanye nokushiswa kwezihlahla ezinesifo; ukunakekelwa okuhle, ukulawula ukhula, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali; Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane - Izithwali zokutheleleka ngegciwane.
Ama-curls ama-curls
Isifo segciwane, amahlumela athintekile anciphiswa kancane, futhi amaqabunga athola ukwakheka okungalingani kwama-curly. Kuvela imithambo ye-Vitreous, khona-ke i-necrosis yabo eqinile iba. Izimbali azibophele amajikijolo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Kuyafana nange-mosaic.
Ukuhluma
Kuboniswa ngokwakhiwa kwenamba enkulu yezimpunga ezibuthakathaka, ezacile, ezincibilikisiwe ezakha isihlahla esiminyene kakhulu. Ngokuzayo, isihlahla siba phansi, kwakhiwa amahlumela amaningi.
Izindlela zokulawula. Kuyafana nange-mosaic.
Izinzuzo zama-raspberries
Akekho umuntu ongeke akwazi ukunambitheka okuhle kwalesi berry! Ama-raspberry aphilile kakhulu. Kuqukethe: ushukela osuka ku-5 kuye ku-12% (ushukela, i-fructose), amavithamini: C (kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-70%, onezinto ezingama-antioxidant nezokulwa nokuvuvukala, ngakho-ke uvikela umzimba ezifweni ezingamagciwane, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane), A, B, B1, I-B2, B9 (i-salicylic acid, inezinto ezibulala amagciwane), i-PP, i-E (iyi-antioxidant futhi iyindlela yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi, ngisho nomdlavuza). Amavithamini aqukethe kuma-raspberries nawo abangela ubungqabavu, ukuqina kwesikhumba ngisho nokubukeka.
Ngabe ama-raspberry akhula engadini yakho? Yiliphi ibanga? Yabelana ngesipiliyoni sakho sokukhulisa le berry enempilo kumazwana asezingeni noma kwiForamu yethu.
