IGinkgo umuthi wakudala

AmaNgisi abiza uGinkgo ngokuthi "umuthi wezinwele ezi-girlish" ngoba ahlobanisa amaqabunga awo kanye namaqabunga e-adiantum fern, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi yi "venereal hair." EJalimane, lesi sitshalo sisabizwa ngokuthi "isihlahla sikaGoethe." Imbongi enkulu, ethanda i-botany, yanikezela inkondlo kuyo.

Ginkgo bilobate. © Cayambe

Abazange baqhubeke nokungayinaki i-ginkgo kanye neFrance. Bayihlabe "umuthi we-ecu engamashumi amane." Yathola igama eliyinqaba kanjena kumbonga wezazi zezitshalo uPetigny, owathi eNgilandi ngo-1780 wathenga ibhodwe ngezithombo ezinhlanu, bamkhokhela izinhlamvu zesiliva ezingama-40 umuntu emunye.

Abantu baseMelika abathanda yonke into ehlobene nama-dinosaurs bathole ukuthi bangayenza kanjani imali kwi-ginkgo. Ezivandeni zamabhodlela zaseMelika, imihlobiso yenziwa ngamaqabunga esihlahla se-dinosaur ekhethwe izivakashi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, baphathwa ngekhambi elikhethekile, elimbozwe nge-gilding - futhi manje i-brooch noma amacici alungile. Injabulo kubantu, imali engadini.

I-Ginkgo (Ginkgo) - Isitshalo sokuzivocavoca sokuzivocavoca. URodo ufaka ukubukeka kwesimanje kuphela Ginkgo bilobate (Ginkgo biloba), ikilasi lama-monotypic Ginkgoids (Ginkgoopsida), okuwukuphela kwesehlukaniso seGinkgoid (I-Ginkgophyta).

Muva nje, kumakhemisi, kuye kwavela imishanguzo eminingi eqhamuka emaqabunga e-ginkgo tanakan, memoplant, bilobil, gigobil, ginkgo forte nabanye. Kepha futhi ama-phytotherapists noma osokhemisi abavame ukuchaza ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo. Futhi ngaphandle kwama-botanists, mhlawumbe bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi iGinkgo iyingqayizivele kangakanani - isihlahla esihle sezithelo, umuntu owayephila ngaleso sikhathi, isidlo somuthi esimangalisayo.

Ginkgo bilobate. © Ginkgotree

Ginkgo - ifosili lokuphila

Yilokho uCharles Darwin akubiza ngeGinkgo. Lesi sitshalo sikhona eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-125 eyedlule lapho izibankwakazi zemithi yokuzulazula zizulazula phakathi kwamahhashi amakhulu, amafeni nezihlahla. Futhi ukube bekungengenxa yeminyaka yeqhwa, noma manje lezi zitshalo ezisetshenziswayo zingakhula futhi zichume. Kepha eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-80 eyedlule, abakwazanga ukumelana nokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo futhi bafa, kufaka phakathi yonke i-ginkgo, ngaphandle kohlobo olulodwa.

I-Ginkgo biloba esisindayo (Ginkgo biloba) iyinto ethokozisayo yokufunda ngokuvela kwezitshalo. Ngokusho kwephrinta ematsheni, ama-botanists akwazi ukulandelela ukuthi ukwakheka kwamaqabunga awo kuguquke kanjani. Ngeshwa, lesi yisitshalo esinamahlahla kusukela esikhathini se-Mesozoic - okuwukuphela kwaso lapho amacembe abunjwe ngenaliti asephenduke amapuleti abunjwe ngopopayi, ahlobene kude namaphayini kanye nama-spruces (ama-gymnosperms).

Ginkgo bonsai. © cliff1066 ™

Ukutholwa kwe-Relic

Kwatholakala isitshalo esisha sesayensi ngo-1690 eJapan. U-Engelbert Kempfer, udokotela eHhovisi Lenxusa laseDashi eNagasaki, waba nentshisekelo esihlahleni esinamaqabunga angajwayelekile afana nesithandwa saseJapan sendabuko. Izithelo ezincane ezinombala ophuzi zazikhipha iphunga elingajabulisi lamafutha e-rancid. Ezitolo zasendaweni bathengisa imbewu yayo, yona amaJapane aqala ayifaka emanzini anosawoti ukukhipha iphunga, bese ayithambisa noma ebilisa. U-E Kempfer uchaze lesi sihlahla wasiqamba ngokuthi i-Ginkgo (ginkgo), wahlanekezela igama lesiJapane lesithelo, i-Yin-kwo (yin-quo), okusho ukuthi i-apricot yesiliva.

I-Ginkgo - umuthi omude wokuqothula (kuze kufike ku-30 m) onomqhele we-pyramidal noma wokusabalalisa. Amagxolo angwevu, aqinile, ambozwe imifantu ejulile ekugugeni. Ubuningi besiqu ngokhuni, njengakuma-conifers anamuhla. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nabo, i-ginkgo ayinayo intela. Amaqabunga anjengomuntu owenziwe umdweshu, uluhlaza okotshani, onogwaja emaphethelweni, uvame ukuhlakazwa ngama-lobes amabili, anesikhumba, kepha ngokumangalisayo athambile. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuwa kweqabunga, bathola i-hue enhle ephuzi yegolide.

Isitshalo se-dioecious, izimbali zabesifazane nabesilisa zisezihlahleni ezihlukene. UGinkgo uqala ukuqhakaza sekwephuzile, eneminyaka engama-25-30, ngoMeyi-Juni. Kuvundiswa ngumoya, ngemuva kokukhulelwa, imbewu efana nesikhuhlu isethwe ngezikhumba ezinamanzi, ezithi ngoNovemba zipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi.

Kushiya ama-Ginkgo

Ukusuka ezweni elincane - kuya ku-Old and New Worlds.

E-China, Korea naseJapan, i-ginkgo ibisaziwa kusukela kudala. Manje izihlahla ezisesimweni semvelo (endaweni efudumele, enomswakama) ziye zasinda kuphela endaweni encane e-East China, ezintabeni zaseTien Mu Shan. Ububanzi beziqu zabo bufika ku-1.5-2 m, nokuphakama okungamamitha angama-40. Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi izingcezu zezinto zasendulo zisondela endaweni eyingqophamlando eneminyaka engu-2000.

Ososayensi baseYurophu, abajwayelene kuphela nezimbobo ze-ginkgo ematsheni, baqala ukubona izitshalo eziphilayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Okokuqala, kwavela izithombo eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ezingadini zezitshalo zase-Utrecht naseMilan, kwase kuba eNgilandi naseNyakatho Melika.

Ekuqaleni, izihlahla ezintsha zaletha ubunzima obuningi. EMontpellier (eFrance), uhlaka lwesifazane lwaqhakaza, kepha aluzange luthele izithelo, futhi abaningi baphupha ngokutshala i-ginkgo ezingadini zabo. Asizange siphume ngokushesha kulesi simo esibucayi: isikhathi eside safuna igatsha lokugoma esihlahleni sowesilisa futhi satholakala eNgilandi kuphela.

Okokuqala ngqa, kwavela isitshalo engadini yaseNikitsky Botanical Garden ngo-1818. Izihlahla zimile kahle, zikhule futhi zithele izithelo eCaucasus ngisho nasenyakatho. IGinkgo itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izingadi ze-botanical ze-USSR yangaphambili.

Manje ama-Muscovites angabona i-ginkgo endaweni evulekile engxenyeni evulekile ye-Main Botanical Garden yeRussia Academy of Science kanye naseBotanical Garden yaseMosical Agricultural Academy eqanjwe ngemuva I-K.A. Timiryazeva, nasezingcini zokugcina izithombo - eVILAR, kwimibukiso ye-bonsai. Eminyakeni yamuva, abalimi baqala ukuyikhulisa eduze kwaseMoscow, Nizhny Novgorod kanye naseBryansk.

Ovules besifazane be-ginkgo bilobate emilenzeni. © H. Zell

Ama-spikelets angamaduna we-ginkgo bilobate. © Marcin Kolasinski

Amaqabunga, izithelo kanye nembewu ye-ginkgo bilobate. © Koba-chan

Amacembe apholisa nge-ginkgo

Umuthi wanamuhla uthole izici zokwelapha zesitshalo kuphela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngasikhathi sinye, ososayensi bathembela kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi yesipiliyoni beyisebenzisa ekwelashweni kwendabuko yasendulo. Encwadini edumile ethi The Great Herbs, eyakhishwa eChina ngo-1596, ngokwesibonelo, uLi Shi-zhen, uncome i-ginkgo ngokwelapha izifo zamaphaphu, inhliziyo, isibindi kanye nesinye.

Amakhemikhali atholakala e-ginkgo ashiya izinto ezihlukene ezingaphezu kuka-40, phakathi kwazo okuyizinto eziphambili yi-flavonoid glycosides (24%) ne-terpene trilactones (6%). Yizo ezidingeka ngokuphuthumayo kithina njengamanje ukuze sithuthukise ukuhamba kwe-cerebral, kuba lapho ososayensi behlobanisa umsebenzi othile we-ginkgo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-asidi e-organic kanye nama-proanthocyanidins akhuthaza i-solubility enhle yezinto, kanye nama-flavonoids, ama-steroid, ama-polyprenols, i-wax, ushukela, atholakala emaqabunga.

Kepha embewini ye-ginkgo, ososayensi bathola izinto ezinobuthi ukwedlula emaqabungeni. EYurophu, asetshenziselwa kuphela ukwenziwa kwemithi. Ekwenzeni izithako ezidakwayo ezivela emaqabungeni, ubuthi obungafuneki buvele bunyamala ngokuphelele.

Izithelo ezingavuthiwe ze-ginkgo bilobate. © H. Zell

Izithelo ezivuthiwe ze-ginkgo bilobate. © H. Zell

Phatha - Ungakhubazeki

Ukukhishwa kwamaqabunga e-Ginkgo kunenqwaba yezenzo. Lapho uphuza umuthi kubantu asebekhulile, inkumbulo iyathuthuka, ukwesaba kuyancipha, futhi ukulala kube yinsakavukela. Imiphumela yabo yokulwa nokuvuvukala ne-anti-allergic iye yasungulwa ngokuhlolwa. Ukulungiselela ama-Ginkgo kuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi, kunciphise ukubukeka kwegazi, futhi kuenze ukuhamba kwe-lymph kube ngokwejwayelekile.

Odokotela banquma i-ginkgo ngengozi ye-cerebrovascular, ehambisana nesiyezi, ikhanda, i-tinnitus kanye nokulahleka kwememori. Kunconywa umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-atherossteosis, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwegazi kokujikeleza okubangelwa ushukela nokubhema.

IGinkgo inomphumela onenzuzo ekuhambeni kwegazi, iqinisa imithambo, ama-capillaries nemithambo. Futhi kwezimonyo - kunciphisa ukuguga kwesikhumba, kuqinisa izinwele, futhi kusize ukwehlisa isisindo. Imithi evela kwezakhi zasendulo ayiniki imiphumela emibi.

Izithombo ze-Ginkgo biloba

Ungakhula kanjani i-ginkgo?

IGinkgo ayinciphisi inhlabathi, ithanda izindawo ezinelanga futhi imelana nezeqhwa - ingamelana nokwehla kwezinga lesikhashana lokushisa kuye ku-30 °. Ukuze kukhule ngempumelelo, isihlahla sidinga inhlabathi enomswakama njalo, kepha ayikubekezeleli ukunyakaziswa kwamanzi. Maphakathi neRussia, i-ginkgo ebusika kumele imbozwe. By endleleni, izihlahla zitholakala kuphela ngesimo bush futhi ikhule kancane. Lapho isimo sezulu sincane khona, izitshalo zikhula zibe ngamamitha ayi-15 futhi njalo zithela izithelo. Le yindlela izihlahla eziphatha ngayo e-Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus.

Ukumangala okukhulu kososayensi, izinsalela zasendulo zazamelana kakhulu nentuthu yezimboni, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Akuvamile ukuthinteka izinambuzane.

I-Ginkgo isatshalaliswa ngembewu noma ngokusanhlamvu. Ukuhlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli enhlabathini enempilo ye-enkulisa, lapho izithombo zikhula iminyaka emi-2.

Ukwanda kokuhluma, imbewu ye-ginkgo ivuselelwa izinyanga ezintathu ngamazinga okushisa ayi-3-5 °. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala, izithombo zivame ukuphakama ngo-12-16 cm. Ngonyaka wesithathu, zitshalelwe endaweni ehlala njalo. Ukushiya: ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukukhulula, ukhula, ukuthambisa.

Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwe-ginkgo kungenzeka ngezinsika eziluhlaza futhi ezinamabala, ngamahlumela avela kusiqu nezimpande. Izimbambo zisika kabi, ngakho-ke abalawuli bokukhula kumele basebenzise. Indlela yokwenza imifino ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amafomu wokuhlobisa, avele kakhulu muva nje.

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