I-Walnut yisitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu esitshalwe kakhulu eCentral Asia nase-Ukraine, eningizimu yeRussia, eMoldova naseBelarus. Emuva ezinsukwini ze-USSR, izinhlobo eziningi zama-walnuts akhiqiza kakhulu, ukumelana nesithwathwa okuhle nokuthambekela okungahambisani nokuthile kwatholakala futhi zizibonakalise kahle. Namuhla, abalimi abavela emazweni ehlukene baqhubeka nalo msebenzi, ngakho-ke uhla lwezinhlobonhlobo zentshisekelo kubalimi luye lwanda kakhulu.
Walnut Okuhle, isithombe nencazelo
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-walnut zaseRussia kuneziningi ezifanele, kepha yiNgcono kuphela ekwazi ukunqoba izingadi zendawo emnyama yoMhlaba, izifunda zaseMiddle and Lower Volga, ngisho nezindawo ezithile zesifunda esingesona iChernozem. Isizathu salokhu kuthandwa ukumelana kwawo nokubanda kakhulu, ukubumbana komqhele, okungakhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-5, kanye nesivuno esisheshayo sesilimo. Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, i-Ideal walnut iqala ukuthela izithelo kakade ngonyaka wokuqala noma wesibili ngemuva kokutshala isithombo emhlabathini.
I-Walnut Ideal ibekezelela iqhwa kuze kufike ku-30-35 ° C. Ubusika abubekezelelwa kahle hhayi kuphela ngamagxolo nangokhuni olungapheli, kodwa nangamahlumela wonyaka owedlule.
Uma ukupholisa kungadala ukulimala kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene, khona-ke entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokubuya kwamaqhwa. Kulokhu, lesi simo sisindiswa ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali okuphindaphindwe isikhathi eside, okwenza ukulahleka kwezimbali eziqhakaze zivulwe ngoMeyi.
Kuvunwa ngebhulashi, amantongomane obushelelezi anesisindo esingu-10-12 amagremu kuvunwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Isisekelo esikhulu sakha ngaphezu kwesigamu sesisindo. Igobolondo lezinhlobonhlobo zama-walnut lincane, lithambeka kalula ku-kernel.
Walnut Giant
Enye into ehlukahlukene phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia uWalnut Giant, oqanjwe ngezithelo ezinkulu ngempela, ezingaba ngamagremu angama-35. Lesi sitshalo siseduze nezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini ezithelweni. Izihlahla nazo zixubene impela, futhi umqhele wazo osakazekayo awudluli kumamitha ayi-5-7 ukuphakama.
Uhlobo lweGiant lumelana nezifo ezijwayelekile ze-walnut, alwesabi ubusika obunzima baseRussia futhi lithela izithelo kahle nomswakama olinganiselayo nenhlabathi enempilo.
Ibanga Walnut Nomusa
Isikhathi eside semifino yesitshalo nokwesaba ukubanda kuyaphazamisa ukuthola isivuno sokondla abalimi baphakathi nonyaka.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabafuyi bezitshalo, kuye kwavela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezixazulula zombili lezi zinkinga. Lezi zinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala, ezingenasisekelo zibandakanya i -Graceful walnut, enekhwalithi enhle kakhulu nokunambitheka okumnandi, izithelo zilungele ukuvunwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Kulokhu, izihlahla:
- ukungasabi isomiso nezifo ezijwayelekile;
- akuvamile ukuthintwa izinambuzane;
- umqhele onamaqabunga amahle afinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ukuphakama ukhonzwa kalula engadini eyimfihlo.
Kodwa-ke, ngesivuno esikhulu kakhulu esifinyelela kuma-20 kg esihlahleni ngasinye, izitshalo aziphili ngesithwathwa, lapho kuthinteka khona izinso, amagatsha asemathanjeni nesiqu sazo ziyahlupheka.
Ukuvunwa kwe-Walnut
Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula zize zifinyelele kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama, azithobeki ezimweni ezikhulayo nobusika kahle ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima. Isivuno se-walnut sathola igama laso ngenxa yokuzala okuhle kakhulu. Kusukela onyakeni wesine wokuphila, izitshalo ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-10 kg wamantongomane akhethiwe anesisindo esingaphezu kwama-10 amagremu. Ukuqoqwa kwabo kuqala maphakathi no-Septhemba futhi, kuye ngesifunda sokutshala, iphela ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
Walnut Aurora
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa ezivimbela isithwathwa nezifo, i-walnut Aurora ithokozela ukunakwa okwandayo kwabalimi. Ngokungafani ne-Ideal noma i-Giant, lezi zihlahla zinamandla kakhulu futhi zinde. Amaqanda okuqala ezitshalweni avela eneminyaka emine, kuthi lapho ekhula anikeze isivuno esikhudlwana sekhwalithi engcono. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo se-nut sifinyelela ku-12 amagremu, i-kernel enambitheka kahle yetafula yakha ngaphezu kwama-50% esisindo.
UZorya Orient Walnut
Enye i-walnut emangalisa, engena ngokushesha ngenkathi yezithelo, yakha umqhele wamamitha ama-3-4 ukuphakama. Yize amantongomane we-Dawn of the East ehlukahlukene engeke abizwe ngokuba makhulu, isisindo sawo singama-9-10 amagremu, isiko lijabulisa ngemikhiqizo efinyelela kuma-25 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye.
Walnut Umzala
Ukuncane okuncane, cishe ama-20 kg we-walnut kunikeza i-Breeder ehlukahlukene. Isiko eliqondiswe ezifundeni eziseningizimu libonwa ngokuqina okuzinzile, okuhlala minyaka yonke endaweni enomqhele wamaqanda. Naphezu kokumelana nezifo nezinambuzane, izitshalo azibekezeleli isithwathwa. Ngemuva kobusika obunesihluku, hhayi izinso kuphela ezihlupheka, kodwa futhi nezinkuni zisetshenziswa, amagxolo amagatsha anamathambo nesiqu.
Izinhlobo ezinde ze-walnut zokwenza impova, ngokuxhunyelelwa kanye nengadi
Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi ze-walnut zizimele ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye, zidinga ama-pollinators.
Njengezitshalo ezinjalo, abafuyi bezitshalo banikeza izinhlobo:
- Isikhala esinemitha emide ebanga amamitha ayi-14 ubusika kanye namantongomane amakhulu
- I-Orion, futhi efinyelela kumamitha ayi-16 ukuphakama futhi ikhiqiza amagremu ayishumi nanye okufakwe emisebeni okwenziwe ngamaqanda;
- UMarion, mude ngokulinganayo futhi unamandla, ukhiqiza amagremu ayi-12 wamantongomane egobolondo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-walnuts azivamisile ukusetshenziswa hhayi nje njengabahleli bezitshalo zofuthi, kepha futhi njengamasheya aqinile, futhi, futhi, sibonga ngomqhele onamaqabunga anamandla, wokubamba umhlaba.
Izinhlobo ze-walnut zase-Ukraine nezaseBelarusian
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhethwa kwe-Ukraine zitshalwa eningizimu yeRussia nase-Ukraine. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifaka:
- UBukovinsky 1 no-2;
- IBukovina Bomb;
- Carpathian;
- I-Transnistria kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezithandekayo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ngamantongomane aphakathi noma amakhulu.
Muva nje, ososayensi abavela eBelarus bake bahlanganyela kakhulu ekuzalweni kwe-walnut. Okudume kakhulu ngezinhlobo zazo yi-walnut Pamyat Minova.
Le nhlobonhlobo, eye yahlolwa okuhlukahlukene eminyakeni eyi-15 eyedlule, ingeyabakhulu. Ama-ovary ezihlahleni ezinkulu ezinamandla akhiwa minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi eziqongweni zezihlahla. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izithelo ezivela kule nhlobonhlobo kufanele zilindelwe eminyakeni eyi-6 ngemuva kokutshala. Ukuvunwa kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba.
Ama-walnuts akude aseningizimu ayatshalwa, izinhlobo ezinde kakhulu zisetshenziswa abalimi. Isibonelo, ezivandeni zaseMoldova izihlahla azivamile, zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-20-25. Kepha ngisho nalezi zitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo zasendaweni zikude ne-walnut emnyama enamandla okuzalwa eNyakatho Melika, ikhula ibe ngamamitha angama-40.
Lesi siko siya ngokuya sithakazela abalimi abaqonda ngezakhi ezizuzisayo zezithelo zalo muthi kanye nezimpawu zokuhlobisa ngokhuni lwaso. Ngaphandle kokufana ngokubonakala kwama-walnuts nama-walnuts amnyama, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene ezinezimpawu ezihlukile nobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
