Ukubukwa okumangazayo nezinhlobonhlobo zeForsythia - isihlahla sokuqhakaza segolide

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izihlahla eziningi zisavundile, isihlahla esihle sibonisa umhlobiso wegolide. Kungakho abalimi bekhulisa izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zeForsythia ezinhlelweni zabo. Sekuyiminyaka engama-200, i-shrub ibithandwa ngabahlali baseMelika, iYurophu, iMpumalanga Ekude kanye ne-Asia. Uye wanakekelwa ngokufudumele eChina iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziningana, ubabaza ubuhle bawo obumangalisayo bokuhlobisa kwentwasahlobo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, usosayensi waseScotland uW. Forsyth waletha esuka eChina waya eYurophu izinhlobo eziningana nezinhlobonhlobo zeForsythia. Lesi sitshalo sathandwa izakhamizi zamazwe apholile futhi, ngokubonga usosayensi, isihlahla saqanjwa ngaye. Namuhla, lesi sitshalo sihlobisa izingadi zangasese, amapaki amadolobha, imigwaqo nezindlu zasehlobo zabathandi bemvelo. I-Forsythia ithathwa njengophawu oluhlukile lwentwasahlobo, oluhlangana ngayo nama-inflorescences aqhakazile. Lapho nje izibani eziphuzi "zikhanyisela" esihlahleni, izakhamuzi zasehlobo ziphila ngemvelo futhi zilungele umsebenzi womhlaba.

Sondelana nesihlahla

Noma yiziphi izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-forsythia ezihlobisa ingadi yethu noma isikwele sedolobha, kuyazuzisa ukucubungula ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo ukuze sazi ubuhle baso bangempela. Ngezimpawu zangaphandle, iyi-shrub yomhlobiso ekhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-3 ukuphakama. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izigqoko zeForsythia ngemigqumo eyenziwe yensimbi enezinhlamvu ezine ezibucayi. Beza ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene:

ophuzi okhanyayo;
ulamula;
segolide;
nsundu okhanyayo;
onsundu
okuluhlaza okotshani;
mhlophe.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuqhakaza kuhlala isikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi kube izinsuku ezingama-40. Ngempela, umbono omuhle! Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izithelo zivela ku-shrubbery ngesimo sebhokisi elihle eligcina imbewu enamaphiko amaningi. Kepha isizini yonke amahlumela avumelanayo e-Forsythia asatshalaliswa ngamaqabunga amaningi abumbeke esibelethweni, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-15 cm.

Njengoba shrub ingakhethi ngohlobo lomhlabathi, ikhule ngokukhululeka emasimini engadi yezindlu zezwe. Into esemqoka ukumnikeza ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele.

Izinhlobo ezidumile nezinhlobonhlobo ze-forsythia: incazelo nesithombe

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, abafuyi bezitshalo bakusebenzise ngenkuthalo ukuhlukahluka okuningi kwalesi sitshalo sokuhlobisa. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezimpawu zalo. E-bush, umehluko onjalo uyimpawu:

ukubonakala komqhele;
ukwakheka kwesitshalo;
usayizi
amagatsha ahlukahlukene.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-forsythia, usayizi olandelayo we-bud uyahlukaniswa:

okuncane;
phakathi;
ama-inflorescence ayimidondoshiya.

Futhi, izinhlobonhlobo ziyahlukahluka ku-pigmentation:

amapuleti eshidi;
amahlumela;
efihlekile.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaqabunga angafakwa ngopende aluhlaza kuphela, kepha aphuzi. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngombala onsomi wamapuleti amaqabunga. Ngokufanayo, amagatsha esihlahla aphuzi, aluhlaza okotshani futhi abomvu. Incazelo eningilizayo yeForsythia ikusiza ukuba wazi lolu phawu oluyisimanga lokufika kukaMama Spring emhlabeni. Cabanga ngezinhlobo zayo ezithandwayo nezinhlobonhlobo.

Kwabonakala ukuthi ebusika, lapho kuneqhwa eliningi, ezinye izinyoni ziqabula izimbali eziqhakaza esihlahleni. Ukugcina lokhu engqondweni, kungakuhle ukuvikela lesi sitshalo kusuka "kumakhasimende" acasulayo ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele.

I-European

Lolu wukuphela kohlobo lwesihlahla somhluzi obelokiwe eYurophu. Ku-1897 kuphela lapho izazi zezinto eziphilayo zazichaza ngokuningiliziwe. Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, i-Forsythia yaseYurophu inomqhele oqondile futhi ococekile, oqukethe iziqu eziqondile. Isitshalo esidala sifinyelela kubude obufika kumamitha amathathu, okuvumela ukuthi singene endaweni ejwayelekile yengadi. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlahlana zigqoka umhlobiso wezimbali o-lime-ophuzi. Usayizi we-buds ungaba ngaphezu kwama-5 cm ubude. Imvamisa, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuhambisana nokuvela kokutshala okuhlaza okotshani ezitshalweni eziguquguqukayo, ngakho-ke, ukuhlobisa kweForththia enezimbali ezinkulu kungaphansi kwezinye izinhlobo zezihlobo zayo.

Njengoba i-Forsythia yaseYurophu ingahlali ibekezelela ukubanda kobusika, ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo.

I-Ovoid (okusaqanda)

Ngokungafani ne-European Forsythia, le nhlobo imelana neqhwa kakhulu. Ngisho nasezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lehlika khona ngaphansi -30 °, isitshalo sithela ngendawo yokuhlala ethile. Okuwukuphela kokudonswa kwe-forsythia okwakhiwe ngamaqanda ukuhamba kwezimbali kwentwasahlobo.

Isihlahla sikhula sibe ngamamitha amabili ukuphakama. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanelana kahle ekwakhiweni komhlaba kwe-cottage ehlobo. Ihlukahluka ngamahlumela aphuzi aphuzi lapho kutholakala amahlamvu aluhlaza. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, kuvela amahlumela okukodwa ku-Forvalthia oval, kuhlobisa isihlahla cishe izinsuku eziyi-15. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi sihlahla somhlobiso:

Tetragold;
Inkazimulo Yentwasahlobo;
I-Dresdner Forfrewling;

Ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile, sibonga ukuthi, abalandeli be-greenery bakhetha inketho efanelekile.

Ukuvula

Isihlahla esimangalisayo esinamahlumela emidwebo yombala womnqumo sikhule kahle ukuze sihlobise izindonga. Ukulengiswa kwe-Forsythia kubhekwa njengophawu lwedolobha laseKorea iSeoul. Njalo ngonyaka kuba nokubabazeka okukhulu kwezihlahla eziqhakaza izimbali eziqhakazile. Kunezinombolo eziningi zezinhlobo zeForsythia zilenga noma drooping, njengoba abaningi bayibiza kanjalo. Nazi ezinye zazo:

I-Variegated Forsythia;
Isiqu sombala;
Siebold;
Ama-dipipiens.

Emvelweni wemvelo, izihlahlana zitholakala endaweni yensimu yaseKorea nase China. Isitshalo sathola igama laso ngenxa yezithombo ezinwelayo emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imelana kakhulu nokubanda.

Kungcono ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-forsythia, ucabanga ngokuhlobisa, ukuphakama kwesihlahla nokuphikisana nesithwathwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isihlahla sinokuhlupheka futhi size sife.

Okuphakathi (Okuphakathi)

Ngo-1878, abafuyi, abahlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili, bathola isihlahla esimangalisayo. I-Forsythia Lesisemkhatsini ihluke ngeziqu eziqondile. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bagqoka ngama-inflorescence amakhulu ama-hues aphuzi akhanyayo. Umbono onje uhlala ememori isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, abalimi balindele ngabomvu ukuqala kwenkathi entsha.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi sihlahla esihle. Isibonelo, i-Forythia enesihlahla esinamathelayo esinamagatsha aqhakaza lapho kuphekwe khona amabala aphuzi ezindlini zokuphumula ezincane. Futhi kumahlumela aqondile we-Spectabilis ahlukahlukene, ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga entwasahlobo, kukhula ama-inflorescences aphuzi. Ziqukethe izimbali ezinkulu ezi-5 noma ezi-6, eziqoqwe ngezimbali ezinhle kakhulu.

IGoldsauber

Uhlobo oluhlafunwa kakhulu lwezihlahla ezikhanyayo iForsythia Lesisemkhatsini weGoldzauber, lebeligcinwa labafuyi baseJalimane. Lesi sitshalo sibonisa ngokukhula kokuqina kweqhwa, ngakho-ke sisinda ngokuyisimangaliso ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe. Ukuqhakaza kwesihlahla kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-21, kufaka iphunga elimnandi. Amahlumela akhulu, aphuzi aphuzi. Isitshalo esidala sifinyelela ku-1,7 m ukuphakama.

I-Spectabilis

I-Spsyabilis ephakathi nendawo ye-Spsyabilis inombala ocebile wamapuleti amaqabunga, ahlala phakathi nenkathi efudumele. Ekuweni kuphela aba umbala ophuzi onsomi. Isihlahla sikhula size sifinyelele kumitha ukuphakama. Amahlumela asakazayo akha umqhele wokuqala "wokukhala". Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuvela amahlumela aphuzi we-inflorescence.

Enye yezindawo ezithandeka kakhulu kulezi zihlahlana yiSpectabilis eyisilinganiso esijwayelekile. Ama-Giant buds acishe abe ngu-5 cm ngosayizi aqhakaza amahlumela awo aphuzi aqhakaza. Isihlahla sivame ukukhula kube ngu-3.5 m, senze umqhele we-chic. Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngentshiseko eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ubekezelela ngokuyisimangaliso izikhathi ezomile, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umphumela wakhe wokuhlobisa. I-Spectabilis ye-forzition ekhonjiswe esithombeni iyisiqinisekiso esinokwethenjelwa saleli qiniso.

"I-Forsythia intermedia"

Isihlahla esiyinqaba esiyinqabile, esifinyelela ku-2,5 m ukuphakama, sahlukaniswa ngamagatsha amaningi aminyene aphuzi omnqumo. Baxhumene ngomusa nomunye futhi ngonyaka we-5 wokuphila baguqa phansi ngomusa. Kuwo wonke ubude, amahlumela ahlotshiswe ngamaqabunga angama-ovoid anemibala eluhlaza, aqhakaza kungekudala ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwesihlahla.

Imayelana nokuphoqa impelasonto yaphakathi. Uyakwazi ukunika abalandeli bakhe imizuzu eminingi emnandi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kungenye yokuqala ukuqhakaza, okuyinto abalimi abathanda kakhulu. Kubhekiselwa ezitshalweni ezingamelana neqhwa, noma kungathandi isomiso sasehlobo. "I-Forsythia intermedia", njengoba izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo imbiza ngayo kwesinye isikhathi, ikhula ngempumelelo emhlabathini ovundile wanoma iyiphi i-acidity. Ithanda umswakama omningi futhi olinganiselayo. Kusetshenziswe kahle ukwakha indawo yengadi.

I-Middle Forsythia ikhula ngenkuthalo ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yokuthi inani leqhwa ebusika lehlile kakhulu, i-shrub idinga indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe.

Luhlaza okotshani

Isihlahlana esiphakeme esingamamitha amathathu sifanekiselwa yigxolo eliluhlaza elimnyama lamahlumela aqondile aqonde phezulu elangeni. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-Forsythia aluhlaza okotshani, omunye angasho, abe nobukhulu obukhulu (ubude be-15 cm, ububanzi cishe bu-4). Zisendaweni ebunjiwe neziqu eziguqukayo zesitshalo. Ama-buds angahle aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi agqamile ngosayizi wawo. Le shrub yethulwa isuka eChina yathuthelwa e-Europe ngo-1844. Namuhla, isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlobisa amapaki amadolobha kanye nensimu yezindlu zezwe.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile - I-Forsythia eluhlaza Weber's Bronx, ijabulisa abalandeli bayo ngokuqhakaza okugqamile izinyanga ezimbili. Amaqabunga akhe, yize emincane ngosayizi, apendiwe ngombala ovuthayo wegolide. Futhi amahlamvu we-oval jagged akagcini ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga. Amabhasi asetshenziselwa ukwakha izingqimba zeqembu zokwakheka komhlaba.

IGiralda

I-Shrub yalolu hlobo ingeyezitshalo ze-thermophilic ezikhula ngempumelelo ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeYurophu. I-Forsythia giralda ikhula ifike kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, yakha umqhele opholile. Amaqabunga akhe angobukhulu obuphakathi (kufika ku-10 cm) okusaqanda. Ama-buds aphuzi okukhanyayo kanti amacembe asontekile. Iqhakaza kaningi ngoMeyi, igqoke isihlava engutsheni yegolide.

Isithwathwa

Isihlahla esihle, izwe lakubo okukule peninsula yaseKorea, sitholakala ku-vivo kuyaqabukela. Ngakho-ke, izazi zebhayoloji zizama konke okusemandleni ukuze zilondoloze i-forsythia yeqhwa. Lesi sitshalo singakhula sibe ngamamitha amabili ukuphakama, sakha umqhele ohlangene. Amagatsha awo ambozwe ngamahlamvu obusika obuhlaza obumnyama obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ehlobo, ingxenye engezansi yepuleti lamaqabunga ithola umbala onsomi, enikeza isitshalo umphumela okhethekile wokuhlobisa.

Entwasahlobo yokuqala, i-Forsythia emhlophe igqoka ingubo enhle yomakoti. Kumahlumela aguquguqukayo kuma-axils wehlamvu, ama-buds amancane aneqhuma elimnandi. Baqoqwe ngama-inflorescence wesimo se-racemose, lapho akunakwenzeka ukuba ubheke kude.