Igama "spathiphyllum" livela kumagama amabili esiGrikhi: "spata" - isembozo kanye ne "phillum" - ishidi. Lesi sitshalo esihle sasezindaweni ezishisayo sibizwa nangokuthi "umkhumbi omhlophe", ngenxa yezimbali zaso ezingafani, ezifanayo namaseyili. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zalesi sitshalo esingabekezeleli, somthunzi obekezelelekayo, esihlukile ngosayizi, ukwakheka nosayizi wokubekwa kombhede kanye nokuqina kwephunga. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-45 ze-spathiphyllum ziyaziwa. Ezimweni zasekamelweni, iSpathiphyllum iqhakaza kakhulu kanti iSpathiphyllum Wallis sivame ukukhula.
ISpathiphyllum yisikebhe esimhlophe.
Ukuchazwa kwesitshalo
I-Spathiphyllum, noma i-Spathiphyllum (I-Spathiphyllum) luhlobo lwezitshalo zisetshenziswa ezivela emndenini we-aroid (I-Araceae), abanye abamele izitshalo ezidumile zasendlini. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-spathiphyllum yiNingizimu Melika, i-East Asia, iPolynesia.
Isiqu se-spathiphyllum asikho - amaqabunga aphansi akha inqwaba ngokuqondile emhlabathini. I-rhizome imfushane. Amaqabunga angama-oval noma ama-lanceolate, ane-midrib ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Imithambo ye-lateral icindezelekile kusuka ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwecala leqabunga. I-petiole esisekelweni iyakhula iye esithweni sangasese.
I-inflorescence ye-spathiphyllum yakheka ngesimo sendlebe emlenzeni omude, ngengubo ngasisekelo. Iveli elimhlophe liyaqhakaza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Izici ze-spathiphyllum ezikhulayo - kafushane
Izimbali: kuya ngokunakekelwa, kungaba kanye ngonyaka (entwasahlobo), noma kabili ngonyaka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla-ebusika.
Ukukhula: imvamisa isitshalo sikhula ngokushesha.
Ukukhanya: Ukusetshenziswa, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kungakhula emthunzini oyingxenye.
Ukushisa: esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo ukhetha izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kuka + 22 ... + 23 ° C, hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 18 ° C. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, izinga lokushisa elikhulu alikho ngaphansi kuka + 16 ° C, ngoba lokhu kuvimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo.
Ukunisela i-spathiphyllum: esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, ngobuningi, phakathi kokunisela, ungqimba oluphezulu kufanele lome. Ekwindla nasebusika, ukuthambisa kunele. Lapho unisela, isizinda esingaphansi komhlaba akufanele some, kepha akufanele sipakwe amanzi ngokweqile.
Umswakama womoya: ephezulu, ukufafaza kuyasiza. Ukuze wandise umswakama, ungabeka imbiza ngesitshalo ku-tray ngodaka olunwebekile olunomswakama, i-moss noma enye into enobuthi.
Ukondla iSpathiphyllum: kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngomanyolo wamaminerali ogcwele wokuhlushwa okuphansi (1-1,5 g ilitha lamanzi).
Isikhathi sokuphumula: kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJanuwari, izinga lokushisa alikho ngaphansi kuka + 16 ° C, ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela.
I-Spathiphyllum transplant: entwasahlobo, njengoba kudingeka, lapho izimpande zigcwalisa imbiza.
Ukuzala: ukusika kanye nokuhlukaniswa kweshizi.
I-SpathiphyllumNakekela i-spathiphyllum ekhaya
I-Spathiphyllum ingakhula ekukhanyeni okuhlanganisiwe nasemthunzini oyingxenye. Emthunzini, amaqabunga e-spathiphyllum aba luhlaza omnyama, iqabunga lingathatha ukwakheka okuhle, ukuqhakaza kube yinto engatheni noma kuphele.
Uma uthola lezi zibonakaliso, khona-ke lesi sitshalo asinakho ukukhanyisa. Isitshalo kufanele sivikelwe elangeni eliqondile, kugcine lokhu engqondweni lapho ubeka isitshalo emafasiteleni aseningizimu. Amafasitela asenyakatho ayilungele kahle i-spathiphyllum, kepha ama-spathiphyllum aqhakaza kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside kumawindi aseningizimu futhi mkhulu kakhulu ngosayizi.
ISpathiphyllum isitshalo esithanda ukushisa, esikhathini sentwasahlobo-sasehlobo sithande izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kuka + 22 ... + 23 ° C, hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 18 ° C. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, izinga lokushisa elikhulu alikho ngaphansi kuka + 16 ° C, ngoba lokhu kuvimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo. Izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-10 ° C libalulekile, ngoba kulezinga lokushisa izitshalo zibola futhi zingafa. I-Spathiphyllum ayikubekezeleli okusalungiswa.
Ukunisela
I-Spathiphyllum idinga ukuniselwa unyaka wonke. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukuthambisa okuningi kuyadingeka, kungenzeka kusuka esikhwameni, kepha ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi kufanele lome phakathi kokuphuza. Ebusika, ukuthambisa olinganiselayo. Ungavumeli ukomiswa kokhilimu wobumba, ngasikhathi sinye, ukudonswa kwamanzi ebhodweni kungasilimaza isitshalo.
Ngokusetshenziselwa ukuchelela nokufafaza kuphela amanzi axazululiwe (kumele kuvikelwe okungenani amahora ayi-12). Amacembe aqothulayo we-spathiphyllum akhombisa ukuthi awunawo umswakama. Ukusuka ekuniseleni ngokweqile, kuvela amabala amnyama emaqabungeni.
Umswakama womoya
Wonke ama-spathiphyllums athande umswakama ophezulu. Ukufafaza ngamanzi athambile, ugqoko onama-moss omanzi noma isihlabathi, umkhathi we-aquarium, ishawa efudumele ngezikhathi ezithile - konke lokhu kuthinta ukukhula kwe-spathiphyllum - abomdabu besimo sezulu esinomswakama. Akuyona ingozi ukuthi amathiphu amaqabunga welulwe ku-dropper ebukhali bese ehla: ngale ndlela amaqabunga aqeda ukugeleza ngokweqile kwemvula eshisayo.
Emoyeni owomile emakamelweni amaningi, ngisho nokufafaza okufika ngesikhathi (izikhathi 2 ngosuku), amathiphu amaqabunga ayoma. Lapho ukuqhuma kwe-spathiphyllum, kubalulekile ukufafaza ngokucophelela ukuze amanzi angaweli endaweni yokubhedela nasendlebeni.
Ukusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJanuwari, lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi esishisayo, kepha uma sinikezwe umswakama owanele womoya, i-spathiphyllum ingaqhakaza ebusika.
Yondla i-spathiphyllum
Ngenkathi yezitshalo ezisebenzayo (ukusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba), i-spathiphyllum iphahlwe ngeqoqo eliphansi lomanyolo wamaminerali (1-1,5 g ngeelitha lamanzi). Ungondla ngomanyolo okhethekile wezitshalo zasendlini ezingenayo i-lime, isibonelo, "Azalea", "Flower", njll.
Imiphumela emihle inikezwa ngokuhlukile kokugqoka ngezixazululo zamanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-mullein entsha exutshwe kusilinganiso esingu-1: 15 noma i-1: 20. Ngemuva kokugqoka okuphezulu nangaphambi kokugqoka okuphezulu, izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu ekushiseni kwamakamelo ngamanzi. Uma ama-spathiphyllum blooms ebusika, khona-ke ayondliwa ngomanyolo ofanayo ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4. Ukuvela kwamabala ansundu emaqabungeni kukhombisa ukwedlula izakhi zomzimba.
Transplant kanye substrate
Isiginali sokuthathwa yizimpande ezigcwalisa wonke umthamo wembiza ngesitshalo. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo. I-Spathiphyllum iyazwela emonakalweni wezimpande, ikudlulisele ngokucophelela.
Inhlabathi yokufakelwa ithathwa kancane i-acidic (pH - 5-6.5). Umswakama owengeziwe ulimaza isitshalo, ngakho-ke inhlabathi kumele ivulwe ukuze umswakama owedlulele ugeleze ngokukhululekile esikhwameni. Ama-Spathiphyllums azizwa elungile ngokuphelele kuma-humus ajwayelekile, lapho adinga ukufaka khona ama-chip wezitini, izingcezu zamalahle. Ingxube yezingxenye ezilinganayo zeshidi ne-turf land, humus, peat nesihlabathi somfula kufanelekile.
Ungasebenzisa i-substrate eqediwe ye-aroid, engeza izingcezu zamalahle kuyo. Kudingeka amanzi amaningi. Imbiza ye-spathiphyllum ikhethiwe kunengaphezulu kwalokho eyedlule, imbiza enkulu kakhulu izokwehlisa ukuqhakaza. Kungcono ukuthulula umhlaba ngesisombululo esimnyama esishisayo se-potanganum permanganate.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, izitshalo zidinga ukushisa, ukuchelela ngokulinganisela, ukufafaza njalo, konke lokhu kunomthelela ekubambeni kwezimpawu ngokushesha. Izitshalo zimila kangcono uma zidala okwesikhashana izimo zokugcina ukushisa (ukumboza ngezinto ezibonakalayo), kepha ungakhohlwa ukuzikhanyisa.
I-Spathiphyllum Wallis (Spathiphyllum wallisii).
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Spathiphyllum
ISpathiphyllum isatshalaliswa ngokuhlukaniswa noma ukusikwa kwe-apical, okuvame kakhulu ngembewu.
Izitshalo ezicijile zitshalwa emabhodweni we-9-centimeter. Ukwakheka komhlaba kungokulandelayo: iqabunga - ihora eli-1, i-peat - ihora eli-1, i-turf - i-1/2 ihora, isihlabathi - ihora eli-1/2 .. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa nokudluliswa komhlaba, uma kunokwenzeka, umonakalo ezimpandeni kufanele uvikeleke, ngoba izitshalo zithandwa kalula. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, ukuthambisa okuningi kanye nesifutho kuyadingeka.
Ukuzala kabusha ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.
Lapho kusakazwa ukusikwa, isiqu esifushane se-spathiphyllum siqala ukugatsha: ifomu lamaphuzu wokukhula okusha, kushiya amabala amancane ezindaweni eziningana. Uma ungenawo umsebenzi wokwenza i-thicket enkulu, isihlahla sihlukaniswa ngendlela yokuthi esicucwini ngasinye kuhlale kukhona iphuzu lokukhula futhi (uma kungenzeka) izimpande. Kodwa-ke, izimpande zingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ama-Spathiphyllum Deles atshalwe ezimbizeni eziyi-12-16 amasentimitha kwinhlanganisela ekhethekile ye- "halaid", enenhlaka ye-humus, inhlabathi yonke yethebula, i-peat nesihlabathi (1: 1: 1: 0.5). I-10 g ye-ammonium nitrate ne-5 g ye-superphosphate ne-potassium nitrate ifakwa emgqonyeni walesi siqeshana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingcezu zezitini ezaphukile, izinkuni zamagxolo namalahle, i-mullein eyomile iyangezwa.
Ungasebenzisa okunye ukwakheka nokunye okuqanjiwe: iqabunga, umhlaba onobuhlakani, i-humus, i-peat, isihlabathi (2: 2: 2: 2: 1) noma iqabunga, ukubekeka, ukuthula, umhlaba we-humus, isihlabathi (2: 4: 1: 1: 1) Ngokufakwa kwezicucu zamalahle.
I-Spathiphyllum, noma i-Spathiphyllum (lat. Spathiphyllum).
Izinhlobo ze-spathiphyllum
URod Spathiphyllum (I-Spathiphyllum), ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-45 zezitshalo ezingenamkhawulo zaphakade ezinomzimba omfushane womndeni omfushane womndeni, ezinye zazo zihlobisa kakhulu. ISpathiphyllum ijwayelekile ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika, ePhilippines, ezihlathini zemvula ezishisayo eVenezuela, Colombia, Guiana, eBrazil.
I-Spathiphyllum heliconious (Spathiphyllum heliconiifolium). Ezweni lasekhaya - amahlathi emvula aseBrazil. Izitshalo ezifika ku-1 m mude. Amaqabunga angama-oblong-elliptic, angama-35-50 cm ubude nama-20-25 cm ububanzi, akhonjwe ngamafuphi, acwebezelayo, aluhlaza okotshani, afinyelela emaphethelweni. I-Petiole 75-90 cm ubude, isitho sowesifazane sangasese kusuka esisekelweni (5-9 cm ubude.). I-inflorescence yindlebe, 8-10 cm ubude., Imhlophe, bese iba mnyama kuze kube mnyama. Ukubhedelwa kombhede kuyinto ebushelelezi, ecishe ibe ngu-cob ubude, ubude obuyi-15 cm no-10 cm ububanzi. Isitshalo sokuhlobisa esibalulekile esilungele ukukhula emakamelweni.
I-cananniferous spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum cannifolium). I-Homeland Venezuela, iGuiana, iThailand. Isitshalo esinamaqabunga amakhulu ama-ovoid aluhlaza aqhakazile, afana namaqabunga e-cannabis. Umbhede omhlophe oluhlaza okotshani obenezimbali ezinamakha kakhulu ezindlebeni eziluhlaza okotshani. Isitshalo esihle sendlu.
Isipuni se-Spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum). Ezasekhaya-eBrazil. Lesi sitshalo esikhulu esifinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama, sinamaqabunga ama-oblong-elliptical. Ubude bamaqabunga bungama-30-40 cm, ububanzi buyi-15- 20 cm. Iqabunga leqabunga liluhlaza mnyama, licwebezela, lisondele emaphethelweni, libanjelwe endaweni ende (kufika ku-50-70 cm), i-petiole eqinile. I-inflorescence yendlebe, emhlophe. Umbhede ubushubile, mude.
Izimbali ze-Spathiphyllum zisebenza kahle kakhulu (Spathiphyllum floribundum). I-Homeland Colombia. Lesi sitshalo siphakathi nendawo, sifinyelela kuma-50 cm, amaqabunga ama-oval-lanceolate, angama-20-25 cm, ububanzi obuyi-9-12 cm. Isibalo samaqabunga singaba ngaphezu kwama-40. Iqhakaza kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside. Izimbali zemifino zibekwe kuma-axils amaqabunga anempilo, lapho ukuvuna kwama-inflorescence konyaka olandelayo kuncike.
E-United States, iMauna Loa yatholakala kwi-spathiphyllum yezimbali eziqhakaza kakhulu. Isitshalo esine-white white-lanceolate noma i-wide-elliptic emhlophe, isembozo esihlekile somugqa ongu-10-12,5 cm ubude kuze kube ngama-5-6 cm ububanzi. Isiqu esihuquzelayo esinama-internode amafushane kakhulu, ajwayele ukwenziwa ngaphansi komhlaba. I-Petioles i-10-15 cm ubude., I-Leaf blade cm engu-15-20 cm, i-5-6 cm ububanzi, iluhlaza okotshani, i-oblong-lanceolate noma i-oblong-elliptic, ekhombe isikhathi eside endaweni ephakeme (ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-1.5 cm). Ama-Peduncle afinyelela ku-25 cm ubude, izimbali ziqoqwa ku-cob 3-5 cm ubude. emlenzeni omfishane kakhulu. `I-Mauna Loa` - isitshalo esihle esisikiwe futhi esigaqiwe (blooms unyaka wonke), i-inflorescence imile kusiko isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
I-Spathiphyllum iyamangalisa (Spathiphyllum blandum). Ezweni lasekhaya - iMelika eshisayo. Isitshalo esinamaqabunga aluhlaza omnyama, anamaqabunga e-lanceolate amnyama onepipi enwetshiwe. I-Petioles yinde, iqinile. I-inflorescence yindlebe, izungezwe iveli elimhlophe okotshani obuluhlaza okwathi ifulegi elincane. Ngakho-ke, igama elidumile lale mbali yi-flagolite. Iqhakaza kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, inenombolo enkulu yama-inflorescence.
Spathiphyllum Wallis (Spathiphyllum wallisii). Ezweni lasekhaya - imvula yaseColombia. Isitshalo esinokuphakama okungama-20 kuye kwangama-30 cm ngesigqi esifushane ne rosette yamaqabunga aluhlaza oblong-lanceolate omnyama. I-cob imhlophe, indawo yokubheda imincane, iphindwe kathathu kune-cob, imhlophe yokuqala emhlophe qede ibe luhlaza. Izimbali ziningi futhi zinde. Lesi sitshalo asinakubekezela futhi siyabekezelela umthunzi. Ikhula kahle ezimeni zamakamelo.
Izimbali ze-Spathiphyllum ziqhakaza kakhulu (Spathiphyllum floribundum).
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-spathiphyllum
Uma umoya ozungeze lesi sitshalo usomile futhi ukuthambisa kunganele, i-spathiphyllum ingathinteka yizilokazane - ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezikala kanye nezindawo zesigcawu.
Isihlangu noma isivikelo se-aphid saqanjwa ngegama lesihlangu se-waxy esimboza umzimba wesilokazane esikhulile. Ekuqaleni, esemncane, ihlazo alibonakali kalula, kepha liphindaphindwe ngokushesha, lisibekela iziqu namaqabunga anendawo emnyama. Abantu abadala abanyakazi futhi bahlala ngaphansi kwezihlangu, okuvela ngaphansi kwazo izibungu futhi zisakazekele kuso sonke isitshalo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, babhujiswa ngokufafaza ngesisombululo sikasikilidi, ongangeza kuso uphalafini omncane noma utshwala obonakele. Izinambuzane zabantu abadala kanye nezihlangu kususwa ngotshani obumanzi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, usadinga ukwelapha isitshalo sonke ngesisombululo sezinambuzane noma soapy ukususa izibungu.
Ama-aphid - isinambuzane esincane singaba luhlaza, siphuzi noma simnyama ngombala. Ihlala engxenyeni engaphansi kweqabunga bese idla ubisi lwezitshalo, okuholela ekutheni omiswe nokugoqwa kwamaqabunga. Iphindaphindwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukubhujiswa yimithi eqediwe edayiswa ezitolo noma izixazululo ze-nicotine - sulfate emanzini nensipho ngesilinganiso se-1 g. i-nicotine - i-sulfate nge-litre elilodwa lamanzi anensipho.
Ngemuva kokucubungula izitshalo, i-spathiphyllum kufanele igezwe kahle ngosuku, ukumboza inhlabathi nge-polyethylene. Uma kunesidingo, phinda ukwelashwa.
Ngakho-ke ukuthi i-spathiphyllum ayithinteki izinambuzane (izibazi kanye ne-aphid), kwanele ukugeza njalo noma ukusula amaqabunga ngesiponji ngamanzi. Lapho "ugeza" i-spathiphyllum, ungakhohlwa ukumboza inhlabathi ebhodweni ngefilimu.
Isikhala sesicabucabu - isicabucabu esibomvu esincane kakhulu. Kubonakala engxenyeni engaphansi yamaqabunga bese iyamboza ngamakhaphethi amhlophe amhlophe. Babhujiswa ngokufafaza nangokuwasha amaqabunga, ikakhulukazi kusukela engaphansi, ngamanzi, ukufakwa kogwayi okubuthaka ngensipho, uthuli (emoyeni omusha, ngaphandle kwamakamelo) ngesibabule somhlabathi noma lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane eyenziwe ngomumo. Ngemuva kokucubungula isitshalo, ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3, amaqabunga kufanele ahlanjululwe ngamanzi afudumele.
Kwi-spathiphyllum, amathiphu amaqabunga omileYize sishaye njalo imbali nokunisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye amaqabunga, kuvela amabala ansundu ansundu, afana nokushisa, yize ukukhanya kwelanga kungangeni imbali.
Isizathu. Uma lezi izindawo zingamathiphu amaqabunga, khona-ke lokhu kuyinkomba yokuchichima. Amathiphu amaqabunga ayokoma ngandlela thile - nokho hhayi abamba ukushisa. Uma i-spathiphyllum yakho ithengwe muva nje - ikakhulukazi ungakhathazeki. Amacembe amasha azoqina kakhulu. Ngendlela, i-spathiphyllum ithanda ukugeza njalo ngeviki (akufafazwa, kepha kugeza). Lapho kukhona amabala enkabeni yeqabunga - kungaba khona umkhaza, uhlole izimuncagazi.
ISpathiphyllum ayiqhakaza
Isizathu. I-Spathiphyllium blooms lapho izimpande zigcwalisa yonke imbiza. Okusho ukuthi, uthanda amabhodwe aqine futhi aphansi. Futhi ukuze kube nokuqhakaza okuningi, i-spathiphyllum kufanele igcinwe kumaviki amabili kumakhaza emazingeni okushisa + 9 ... ... + 12 ° C ukuze "iphumule".
Kwi-spathiphyllum, amaqabunga aba mnyama bese omile emaphethelweni, bese bafa, ngesinye isikhathi bancane, bengakabi namahlamvu angakatholakali
Isizathu. Kuphakathi kokuthi ugcwalise lesi sitshalo, noma ungafaki phezulu komoya owomile, noma awunayo i-nitrogen noma i-phosphorus. Endabeni yokugcina, faka umanyolo nge-nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus.
ISpathiphyllum ayikhuli
Isizathu. Ukukhula kabi kungabangelwa ukukhanya ngokweqile kanye nokuchichima.
Sine-spathiphyllums eminingana ekhula ekhaya lethu - ubuhle obungavamile! Futhi ngempela, lesi sitshalo sithande ukuzithoba. Into esemqoka, mhlawumbe, okudingeka uyikhumbule ukuthambisa okuninginingi kanye nokufafaza njalo kwamaqabunga! Sifisela wena impumelelo futhi ubheke phambili kwezeluleko!
