Lowo owayenenhlanhla yokumbona ngesikhathi eqhakaza izimbali, ngeke amkhohlwe uWisteria kuze kuphele izinsuku. Abantu abanenhlanhla abahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu - bangakuthokozela ukuqhakaza kwe-wisteria engadini yabo, futhi izakhamizi zasenyakatho, okuyifa labo lokuzungeza izindlu ezinomvini wamantombazane onesizotha, baphuphe ngasese ngomuntu oseningizimu ntshonalanga esivandeni sabo. I-Wisteria isitshalo se-thermophilic. ECrimea, iCaucasus neTranscarpathia blooms kakhulu kakhulu nangokuqhubekayo. Ama-blooms buthaka enyakatho futhi adinga indawo yokuhlala yasebusika.
Chinese Wisteria. © 3268zauberI-Wisteria (kusuka esiGrekini. Γλυκός - okumnandi), noma i-wisteria (lat. Wisteria) - uhlobo lwezitshalo ezinde ezinjengama-curly subtropical asuka emndenini we-legume onamaqabunga amakhulu, angenakulungiswa, ebusheni - i-pubescent, kamuva ibe nqunu, ngombala onsomi obukhanyayo , izimbali, ezilengayo, emabhulashini avele kuze kube ngama-30 cm ubude. Ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo, kugcina imabhulashini ahlukene wokuqhakaza ehlobo. Kusetshenziswe kahle ekwakhiweni komhlaba.
I-Wisteria isitshalo esivamile sokukhuphuka esidinga izimo ezinhle - inhlabathi evundile enomsoco nelanga elikhanyayo. Faka ukusekelwa okuqinile, njengoba i-wisteria ikhula ngokushesha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ihlanganisa indawo enkulu. I-Wisteria ingatshalwa phambi kwendlu noma ithala. Maduze nje lesi sitshalo esihle kakhulu sizohlobisa le nsimu ngama-tassel ayo amahle ama-inflorescence amnandi. I-Wisteria ingatshalwa e-pergola noma engadini yegazebo. Yisebenzise ukukhipha izindonga ezingenalutho. I-liana iyaqhakaza lapho kungenamaqabunga emagatsheni. Zivele zivele ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Izinhlobo ze-Wisteria ziyamangaza ngobukhazikhazi bezimbali eziningi eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence-brushes, angafinyelela ku-80 cm ubude. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye ngokuvela kwamaqabunga, noma ngaphambili kancane. I-Wisteria, njengesitshalo se-tubular, isikhulile ukuhlobisa amakhabethe abheke eningizimu, lapho kunokukhanya okuningi nokushisa. Ngokukhathalela kahle, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza kakhulu entwasahlobo futhi futhi engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, kepha ibe buthaka.
I-Wisteria iqhakaza kakhulu, ibanga "Violacea Plena". © CliffUkunakekelwa
Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ukuthambisa kunele, inhlabathi kumele ibe nomswakama kancane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula, igcwele izakhi zomzimba. I-Chlorosis (ukukhanyiswa kwamaqabunga) kuvame ukukhula emhlabathini onomdlandla. I-Wisteria ayikubekezeleli ngokweqile amanzi. Entwasahlobo eyomile, kufanele unisele izitshalo kahle ukuze ama-buds angaboli. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezimbali, kanye ngesonto bondliwa ngomanyolo owuketshezi. Ukuze kube nezimbali zikanokusho, i-wisteria akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwesigamu selanga. Zidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zimelana namaqhwa aze afike ku-20 ° C.
Ukwandisa ubuningi bezimbali, i-wisteria kufanele ithenwe okungenani izikhathi ezi-2. Isihlahla sokuqala senziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, sinqamule zonke amahlumela aseceleni ngamasekhondi amabili ubude bawo. Okwesibili kwenziwa ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Ngasikhathi sinye, amagatsha athuthukisiwe ehlobo nalawo avele ngemuva kokuthena izihlahla ehlobo, ashiya ama-3-5 e-buds lapho kuzovela ama-inflorescences.
Maphakathi neRussia, kudinga indawo yokuhlala enhle ebusika.
I-White Wisteria. ISisinghurst castle Ingadi, eNgilandi. © OdIUkukhula
I-Wisteria ayitshalwa hhayi endaweni evulekile kuphela. Zizwa kukuhle ezimbizeni nasezindongeni zezimbali ngendlela yesihlahla esisezingeni elifanele, esingatholwa ngokusebenzisa izihlahla ezifanele. Ekwindla, izitshalo ezinjalo zilethwa egumbini elinokushisa kwama-8-10 degrees. ngomswakama womoya ongama-65-75% kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo (2500-6500 lux). Ebusika, wanisela kancane kancane. NgoMashi, amahlumela amasha asemuva asikwe ku-2-3 efihlekile, akha umqhele. Ehlobo bayikhipha bayinikeze umoya ovulekile futhi bayinisele kakhulu.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nendawo entsha nokubangelwa kwezimpande, kungcono ukuthola i-wisteria ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe. Lapho uthenga izithombo ezihlukile, qiniseka ukuthi ziyahlanganiswa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sizoqhakaza kuphela emva kweminyaka embalwa futhi sihle kakhulu. Musa ukuthenga izithombo ezincane kakhulu, ngoba izitshalo ezinjalo ngeke ziqhakaze kungekudala.
I-Wisteria isitshalo esihle kakhulu esinezimbali entwasahlobo esijabulisa iso ngezimbali eziqhakazayo. Unama-inflorescence akhangayo, amnandi we-racemose, ehla njengamakhasethi empophoma. Ezinyaweni ze-wisteria, ama-tulips amhlophe nama-daffodils, amnyama ama-violet amnyama noma ama-daffodils aphuzi kanye ne-impel hazouse grouse (i-Fritillaria imperialis) ibukeka kahle. Umbono ongalibaleki ama-tulips abomvu amnyama ka-Darwin nzalo akhula ngaphansi komvini. Izihlahla ezinamakha we-daphne ejwayelekile (i-Daphne mezereum), futhi ekhetha indawo enelanga, efudumele, futhi ihlangana kahle ne-wisteria.
UBonsai waseWisteria. © CliffUkuzala
I-Wisteria isatshalaliswa ngokubeka izimbali entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngembewu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Abalimi abaningi bathola indlela yembewu iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kepha ukubekezela nomsebenzi kuyakugaya konke. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ebusika (ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba - ekuqaleni kukaDisemba) noma emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi). Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ingxube ekhishwe kahle yesigcawu esivela kwishidi, umhlabathi we-turf nesihlabathi (4: 1: 1) ebusweni futhi ifafazwe nesihlabathi. Mboza izitshalo ngengilazi noma ifilimu elisobala futhi uhlanzekile endaweni emnyama. Gcina umhlabathi womile. Imbewu yaseChinese Wisteria imila ekushiseni kwama-20 - 25 degrees, kuphela ebumnyameni obugcwele. Amahlumela okuqala avela ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4. Ngemuva kwamaviki awu-1-1,5, izithombo zidalulwa, zibambe okokuqala elangeni. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-2, yenza isitshalo se-pikiroaku ngenqwaba yomhlaba, ngaphandle kokuphula uhlelo lwezimpande.
Ukususa ukwakhiwa kwentwasahlobo, khetha ihlumela lonyaka eliqinile bese usebenzisa ummese ukwenza i-oblique incision phakathi kobude bayo. Isiza se-incision sibekwa embizeni ene-substrate (enempilo-i-turf turf). Ingaphezulu kwelesi lokuqina liqiniswa ngokuyiqinisa. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ukubekelwa inamba enkulu yezimpande itshalwe njengoba kuhlosiwe.
Izilimo ngoMashi-Ephreli. On ukusika anqume amahlumela avuthiwe wonyaka 20 cm cm ubude. Umsuka enhlabathini kusuka emhlabeni onethunzi, ipiyane, humus nesihlabathi (3: 1: 1: 1)
I-Wisteria iyaqhakaza kahle. I-Ashikaga Flower Park, i-Ashikaga, isiFundazwe iTochigi, isiqhingi saseHonshu, eJapan. © TANAKAIzakhiwo
Amaqabunga anendawo ebalulekile yokubulala amagciwane; i-phytoncides yabo eguquguqukayo ivimbela ukukhula kwe-tubillcle bacillus.
Izinhlobo
I-Chinese Wisteria - i-Wisteria chinensis
I-liana enhle, enamaqabunga amaningi, imvelaphi evela eChina, ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-15 ukuya kwama-20, enamaqabunga amakhulu, angenamabala, i-pubescent ebusheni, kamuva ibe nqunu, ingumbala onsomi okhanyayo, ovame ukumhlophe, izimbali. ekulengisweni, emabhulashini okuxekethile okufika ku-30 cm. Ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo, kugcina imabhulashini ahlukene wokuqhakaza ehlobo. Izithelo zingubhontshisi obukhulu obungu-15 cm ubude.
I-Photophilous kakhulu, efunayo enhlabathini, ikhetha umswakama futhi ivundile kakhulu. Ibekezelela izimo zedolobha futhi izinga lokushisa lesikhashana lehlela ku-20 ° C. Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ibhebhetheka ngamandla. Isetshenziswe kahle ekutshaleni ingadi mpo eningizimu yeRussia.
Omunye wemivini amahle kakhulu, ubukeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Ibuye ihlobise ngamahlamvu ayo amahle, anempaphe, ethatha umbala ophuzi wegolide ekwindla. Ngokuthena okuhleliwe, ingatshalwa ngohlobo olufana nesihlahla, oluhleliwe, olujwayelekile olusetshenziswayo ekubanjeni ngakunye etshanini. Ilungele isiko lozimele. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1816.
Inezinhlobo zamagadi:
- ngezimbali ezimhlophe;
- ngezimbali eziphindwe kabili.
I-Wisteria iyaqhakaza kakhulu, noma izimbali eziningi - iWisteria floribunda
Kuyafana nezinhlobo ezedlule, kepha kuhluke kuye ngamasayizi amancane (8-10 m) futhi amakhulu, amaqabunga ayinkimbinkimbi aze afike ku-40 cm, ngenani lamapheshana kuwo afinyelela ku-19 mncane nangaphezulu; inani elikhulu lezimbali nama-inflorescence afika ku-50 cm ngosayizi. Izimbali zincanyana, zinsomi-nsomi. Iqhakaza ngemuva kwamasonto angama-2-3. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kusuka kusisekelo sebhulashi kancane kancane (ngesiShayina Wisteria, ukuqhakaza kucishe kube kanyekanye). Izithelo zigcinwa esitshalweni ebusika bonke. Ikhula ngokugeleza kwewashi.
Imelana neqhwa ngokwengeziwe (kufinyelela kuma-degrees angama-23) nokuhlobisa kune-wisteria yaseChina. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi engadini emile mpo, lapho kwaziswa khona ngobuningi bamaqabunga amahle, izithelo ezimibalabala, eziqhakaza izimbali nezithelo ezinhle. Ngokwesiko kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX.
Izindlela zokuhlobisa:
- ngezimbali ezimhlophe, kuze kube ngama-60 cm ubude ama-inflorescence;
- ngezimbali ezipinki eziphaphathekile, izeluleko zamaphiko nesikebhe sazo onsomi;
- ngezimbali ezinsomi;
- ibhulashi elikhulu ngamabhulashi afinyelela ku-1.5 m ubude namapheshana afinyelela ku-10 cm;
- enamaqabunga ahlukahlukene.
I-Wisteria enhle - i-Wisteria venusta
Liana kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-10. Ama-Shoots pubescent. Amacembe ayinkimbinkimbi, aze afike ku-10 cm ubude.Nhlangothi zombili i-pubescent eyisilika, ikakhulukazi kusuka ngaphansi. Izimbali zimhlophe, kufinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubude, ziqoqwe ekubetheleni emabhulashini kuze kufike ku-15-20 cm. Izimbali ngoMeyi-Juni. Kunezindlela ezinezimbali ezimhlophe eziphindwe kabili futhi ezinezimbali ezibubende. Izithelo - ubhontshisi ongafika ku-20 cm ubude, ombozwe i-velvety pubescence. Ripen ngoNovemba. Kwabonakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, naseRussia kusukela ngo-1936.
I-Wisteria shrubby - iWisteria frutescens
Liana kuze kufike ku-12 m mall. ngamagatsha aqothulayo. Izimbali ze-violet-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zincane kunalezo zeWisteria venusta, kanjalo namaqabunga. Kwisiko ngezikhathi ezithile eCrimea, lapho liqhakaza futhi lithela izithelo, kanye naseChisinau. Ilungele isiko lozimele. Vala Ukubuka - Okukhulu-Wisteria - W. macrostachys (Torr. Et Grey) Robins, et Fern, waseSev. IMelika, enama-inflorescence amade, ihlolwe eDushanbe, kwesinye isikhathi iqhwa ngandlela thile.
I-Japan Wisteria - iWisteria japonica
Liana ngezimbali ezimhlophe. Mncane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, futhi i-Hardy kancane ebusika - ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama eCaucasus; eTallinn iqina iya kufinyelela ikhava leqhwa.
