I-perennial Positive stapelia (Stapelia) imele umndeni weLastovne. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezi-100. Emvelweni, lesi sitshalo sitholakala kakhulu eSouthwest kanye naseNingizimu Afrika, kuyilapho sikhetha ukukhula emithambekeni yezintaba, eduze kwamachibi noma eduze kwezihlahla. UStapelia waqanjwa ngoVan Stapel, owayengudokotela odumile waseDashi wekhulu le-17. Isitshalo esinjalo sithandwa ngabatshali bezimbali isikhathi eside, ngoba siyakuncipha ekunakekelweni, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuqhakaza kwawo okungajwayelekile. Imbali yalesi sitshalo idume ngephunga layo elihehayo, elingafani nanoma yiliphi iphunga elimnandi lezimbali. Leli phunga alimnandi futhi libukeka njengephunga lokuola. UGoethe maqondana nalokhu uthe ngale mbali: "Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu - izimbali ezinkulu kunazo zonke." Ama-Florists ezitokisini adonswa yinhlanganisela engajwayelekile yobukhazikhazi obunephunga elibi.
Izici ze-slipway
IStapelia iyathandeka, ukuphakama kwayo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0.6 m. Inenqwaba yamaqhugwane aqhakaza i-tetrahedral. Ama-denticles amakhulu angenakuqhakaza atholakala ebusweni, yingoba le mbali ibizwa nge- "stapelia cactus". Umbala wesiqu unombala onsundu noma uluhlaza okotshani, futhi utholakala ngombala obomvu obomvu, obonakala ukukhanya kwelanga. Amahlamvu wesitshalo awekho ngokuphelele. Phezu kwezimbali ezingashadile noma ezihamba ngababili kukhona i-pubescence, zitholakala kwizinyawo ezivulekile, imvamisa ezisekelweni zamahlumela futhi zingaphansi kakhulu eziqongweni. Ubukhulu bentyatyambo ngamasentimitha angama-5-30, bunokubukeka okungajwayelekile futhi kufana ne-starfish esesimweni. Zipendiwe ngombala ofanayo, kepha kukhona nezinye ezixubile, inhlobo ngayinye ngayinye ihlukaniswa ngobuhle bayo obuhlukile, kanye nephunga elikhethekile elingajabulisi elingadala ukuba nekhanda.
Ukunakekelwa kwasemgwaqweni okwenziwe ekhaya
Ukushisa
Ukukhula kwesitoko ezimweni zasendlini, okokuqala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuyinakekela kuhlobene ngokuqondile nenkathi yalesi siko sezimbali. Isibonelo, ngenkathi efudumele, uzizwa engcono kakhulu emazingeni okushisa komoya angama-22 kuye kwangama-26 degrees, kanti ehlobo kuyanconywa ukukudlulisela kwithala noma kuvulandi. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, i-stapelia inesikhathi sokuwa. Ebusika, isitshalo kufanele sihlanzwe endaweni epholile (hhayi efudumele kuno-15 degrees).
Isibani
Imbali idinga ukukhanya okukhulu okukhanyayo, futhi nsuku zonke idinga ukushiswa yilanga, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela azoba anciphiswe futhi aphakame, ngoba ngenxa yalokho ukuqhakaza kungahle kungenzeki nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu ntambama, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuvikeleka elangeni elihangulayo, lokhu kuzogwema ukubonakala kokusha ebusweni bawo. Ochwepheshe baluleka ukubeka isliphu ewindini elise entshonalanga noma empumalanga yefulethi.
Ukunisela
Njengoba i-stapelia imnandi, ayidingi ukufafazwa futhi iniselwe kakhulu. Uma amanzi egxagxika kulengxenye engezansi, lokhu kungadala ukukhula kwesifo sokukhunta, okuholela ekubuneni kwembali. Ukuvimbela lokhu, ngesikhathi sokutshala, ungqimba lwamanzi kufanele lubekwe phansi phansi kwembiza, engenziwa ngotshani bokubumba noma ngobumba olwandisiwe. NgoMashi-Septhemba, ukuthambisa kuhleliwe isikhathi esinge-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-7, ngo-Okthoba-Disemba - isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki, futhi ngoDisemba nangoJanuwari awudingi ukunisela islidingway ngokuphelele.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Kuyadingeka ukondla lokhu okumnandi ehlobo isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ama-2, ngoba lokhu basebenzisa izingxube ezinempilo ze-cacti kanye ne-anculents. Ukuze wandise ukumelana kwesitshalo nezifo, kufanele ondliwe ngomanyolo we-potassium. Ebusika, awudingi ukondla amasheya.
Ukufakwa kweslipway
Izinhlobo ezintsha zidinga ukufakelwa okujwayelekile, okwenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngonyaka entwasahlobo, njengoba zikhula ngobubanzi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukufakelwa kwezimbali zabantu abadala kwenziwa 1 isikhathi ngeminyaka engu-2-3. Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi batusa ukuthi, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo, donsa iziqu ezindala kusuka enkabeni yesihlahla, ngoba ngeke zisabonakala. Amasheya ase-perennial awanconyelwe ukuthi afakwe esikhundleni, adinga kuphela ukuguqula ungqimba olungaphezulu minyaka yonke ukuze lube lutsha, futhi iziqu kufanele zikhishwe ziphume phakathi kwesihlahla.
Ukutshala okumnandi kangako, udinga ukuthatha imbiza engajulile impela, ngoba uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande lwakhiwe ngaphansi. Ngezansi kwembiza kufanele kubekwe ungqimba lwamanzi, okufanele luthathe i-1/3 yetangi. Uma ufisa, isendlalelo engenziwa kungenziwa ngezandla zakho, lokhu udinga ukuhlanganisa isihlabathi esihlanganayo nenhlabathi eshwabene (1: 2), noma ungathenga ingxube yama-unsulents bese uyixube namalahle. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala, i-substrate kumele ibanjwe. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, imbali akufanele iniselwe izinsuku eziningana.
Izimbali stapelia
Lapho nje ukuqhakaza kwama-stapelia, wonke umuntu osegumbini uzokwazi ngokushesha ngakho, futhi lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngenxa yephunga elibi lembali. Leli phunga elingajwayelekile kakhulu lembali ekhula endle liyadingeka ukuze kudonseke izimpukane eziwumndeni zomndeni wakwaCalliphoridae, okuyizinambuzane zazo ezivuthayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sinambuzane sithanda lesi sinambuzane. Izimpukane zihlobisa imbali, futhi ihlele nokufakwa kuyo iqanda. Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi uhlobo lwe-stapelia flavo-purpurea, izwe lakubo iNamibia, linephunga elimnandi le-wax. Kepha iphunga elibi eliqhamuka ezimbali alibesabisi abalimi, i-stapelia futhi kuze kube namuhla lidume kakhulu. Ukuze ifulethi lingaphunga ukubola ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwalesi sitshalo, kunconywa ukulidlulisela kuvulandi, bese inkinga ixazululwa. Izimbali zihlala cishe isigamu senyanga.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-stapelia
Zonke izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngale mbali zihambisana nokuqina koketshezi esiqeshini. Kulokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunisela i-slipway kahle. Futhi phakathi kwezinambuzane, ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu, kanye nama-mealybugs angahlala kuzo. Ukuze ubasuse, isihlahla kufanele siphathwe ne-ejenti yokubulala izinambuzane, engathengwa esitolo esikhethekile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-stapelia, ekhula endle, imelana kakhulu nezinambuzane nezifo.
IStapelia ayiqhakaza
Kwenzeka ukuthi i-slipway ayiqhakaze, futhi lokhu kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo: ukuntuleka kokukhanya, ubusika obufudumele, ukuthambisa ngokweqile futhi okuvamisile, umanyolo ongafanele, ukweqisa noma ukuntuleka kwezakhi ezakhiweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ukuze isitshalo siqhakaze njalo, udinga ukunamathela emithethweni eminingana:
- Qinisekisa ukuthi imbali inombuso ofanele wokunisela: entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga, kuyilapho phakathi kwabo ingxenye engezansi esitsheni kufanele yomile ngokuphelele, kusukela ngo-Okthoba, inani le-ukuthambisa kufanele lincishiswe kube kanye njalo emavikini ama-4, futhi ngoDisemba-Janawari isitshalo Musa ukunisela nhlobo.
- Kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphumula, isitshalo kufanele sibe segumbini elipholile.
- Awukwazi ukufaka umanyolo omningi ku-substrate, ikakhulukazi lawo aqukethe i-nitrogen.
- Umhlabathi wokutshala kumele usetshenziselwe ukugcwala kwesihlabathi.
- Isitshalo sidinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle.
Uma imbali ingenakho ukukhanya okwanele, khona-ke ingahle iphuzi ngaphansi kwesiqu. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukusika amahlumela uwasebenzise njengezisiko.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Stapelia
Ukusakazeka kwe-Stapelia ngokusikwa
Ukusika izingcezu ezisuka kushelela, sebenzisa ummese obukhali, okufanele uqale ungcolile. Izicucwana esihlahleni se-uterine nasesibambo kufanele zifafazwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala isiqu, kumele somiswe amahora amaningi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kufanele itshalwe endaweni encane enesihlabathi esihlanganayo, lapho kufanele kufakwe khona i-peat encane ebunjiwe. Ngemuva kokugcwala ngokuphelele, isitshalo kufanele sidluliselwe ebhodweni, ububanzi sifinyelele ku-70 mm, kufanele sigcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, okubandakanya isihlabathi esiqhekekile, i-turf ekhanyayo, kanye nenhlabathi yamaqabunga (1: 1: 1), idlanzana lamalahle asadinga ukuthululwa kuwo .
Ukusakazeka kwe-stapelia ngembewu
Kungemva kokuvuthwa okugcwele kwezithelo zezimbali ezinikeziwe kuphela lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi kukhishwe imbewu kuyo, futhi lokhu kuzokwenzeka kungekudala ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ivuthiwe, kufanele ihlwanyelwe kumapuleti agcwaliswe ngesihlabathi esimanzi, esikhanyayo. Izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele ezinsukwini ezingama-20-30 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo sikhule kancane, kudingeka ukuthi sitshulwe emabhodweni, ubukhulu sifinyelele ku-60 mm bese sigcwaliswa ngengxube efanayo yenhlabathi esetshenziselwa ukutshala ukusika okusikiwe. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12, izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukufakelwa emabhodweni, ububanzi zifinyelela ku-90-100 mm, ngoba lokhu kusetshenziswa indlela ye-transshipment. Uma ukhetha le ndlela yokulima, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo ezikhulile azikwazi ukugcina izici zokuhlukahluka zezitshalo zomzali.
Izinhlobo zokuswayipha ezinezithombe namagama
I-stapelia eyakheke ngenkanyezi (Stapelia asterias)
Lesi sitshalo esimangalisa sifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha angama-20 kuphela. Iziqu zihlala zinombala oluhlaza okotshani, kodwa futhi zingaba bomvu obukhanyayo; ama-denticles amancane atholakala emaphethelweni awo afiphele. Phezu kwezimbali ezibomvu ansundu kukhona imivimbo emincane ephuzi, kanye nezinwele ezipinki eziphaphathekile. Izimbali zitholakala emigudwini ende ezansi ngaphansi kwamahlumela amancane. Lolu hlobo lune-stapelia ehlukahlukene - ecwebezelayo: ayinayo imivimbo ephuzi ebusweni bezimbali.
Giant Stapelia (Stapelia gigantea)
Lokhu okumnandi kuyisitshalo sangezikhathi ezineziqu ezinamandla ezinamandla, okufinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-20, namasentimitha ayi-3 ngaphesheya. On the amahlumela kukhona imiphetho Blunt kanye nenani elincane lamakhethini amancane. Izimbali zikhulu kakhulu, ububanzi zingafinyelela amasentimitha angama-35. Zitholakala emigudwini ende emide futhi zinezikhonkwane ezibunjiwe eziphuziphuphukile ezenziwe kancane, zinozinti obomvana obomvu, zitholakala ebusweni bazo, kanye ne-villi emhlophe emide emaphethelweni. Ukuhogela kwezimbali ezinjalo akukubi njengakwezinye izinhlobo ze-stapelia.
I-Stapelia variegated, noma eguquguqukayo (Stapelia variegata)
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo okunjalo kumile ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuphela. Iziqu zivame ukuba luhlaza, kodwa zibomvu futhi ziphuzi, zinamazinyo atholakala emaphethelweni awo afiphele. Izimbali eyodwa noma ezingafinyelela ku-5 zingabekwa phansi ngeziqu ezincane. Amacembe aphuzi anesimo se-ovoid ekhombe kuzeluleko. Ingxenye yabo yangaphandle ibushelelezi, futhi kusukela ngaphakathi banendawo ecijile enamabala asymmetric noma imivimbo emnyama onsundu. Izimbali zibonwa ehlobo.
I-Stapelia Ferruginous (Stapelia glanduliflora)
Ukuphakama kwalokhu kwaphakade cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Ukuqina kweziqu eziqondile cishe kungama-30 mm; zinobuso besimo se-pterygoid, ezimbozwe ngamazinyo amancane ama-denticles. Esihlahleni, izimbali ezingama-1-3 ziyaqhakaza kumabhasikidi amade, amacembe aluhlaza aphuzi anomumo okhonjisiwe, amabala apinki nemivimbo zitholakala ebusweni bawo. Emaphethelweni, ama-petals agobekile kancane futhi ane-villi ende emhlophe, futhi ingaphezulu lawo ligudlukile nenqwaba yezinwele ezingenamibala yeklabhu ezingenakumbala.
I-stapelia yegolide onsomi (i-Stapelia flavo-injongo)
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha ayishumi. Umbala weziqu, njengomthetho, uluhlaza, kodwa futhi ungaba nsomi; anemiphetho emfushane lapho ama-denticles akhiwe khona. Eziqongweni zeziqu ezincane, izimbali ezingama-1-3 ziyaqhakaza, izinhlamvu zazo zinovili, zikhombe futhi zinxantathu ngesimo, imiphetho yazo igobile kakhulu. Ngaphandle, imbali iphuzi ngokunqunu futhi ibushelelezi, futhi ingaphakathi - ngaphuzi-golide (kwesinye isikhathi kuyimbumbulu) futhi ibumbekile. Le mbali inephunga elithandekayo le-waxy.
I-stapelia enkulu enezimbali ezinkulu (iStapelia grandiflora)
Kulesi sikhathi, iziqu ziyi-tetrahedral, futhi nasebusweni kukhona ama-denticles avela ngaphandle. Ezimbali ezinkulu, ukwakheka kwamatholethi kuyi-lanceolate, ngaphandle kudwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti ngaphakathi kukhona izimbotshana, ebusweni bawo kunezidwaba zezinwele ezimpunga. Ama-petals agobile emaphethelweni, futhi kuwo kukhona i-pubescence ngesimo se-cilia. Izimbali zenzeka ehlobo. Ukuhogela kwezimbali kufana nephunga lenyama ebolile.
I-stapelia eguqukayo (Stapelia mutabilis)
Lesi sitshalo se-hybrid sineziqu ezinamandla ezingenalutho, ezifinyelela kubude obungaba amasentimitha ayi-15, zinamazinyo akhomba phezulu. Izimbali zibekwa ezintanjeni ezinde. Ukwakheka kwezinsundu ezi-brownish-aphuzi kungunxantathu-i-ovate, onqenqemeni lwazo lubucayi. Baphinde babe nezikhonkwane ezibunjiwe zombala onsundu, zimbozwe ngemichilo kanye namachashazi.
