AmaTropiki abeka izitshalo eziningi zokulima ngamasiko. Phakathi kwazo, i-hibiscus yengadi, ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa kwayo kabusha ngeke kudale ubunzima noma kumzila ophakathi nendawo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zasengadini, ezingaqondakali kakhulu yi-hibiscus yaseSyria. Ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi iqhubekela enyakatho.
Ingadi hibiscus isitshalo nezinhlobonhlobo zazo
Sekukonke, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezingama-200 ze-hibiscus, futhi ngemizamo yabafuyi benani labo lenyuke laya ku-500. Zonke izinhlobo zezamasiko zihlukaniswe ngendlela yentuthuko:
- izinhlobo zotshani;
- -ngathi isihlahla;
- umdwayizi.
Ukukhula nokunakekela i-hibiscus yengadi kuyinto emnandi. Ekubunjweni komhlaba, zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zinamaphikisho akhethekile. Izinhlobo ze-Herbaceous zibusika kahle ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela futhi zinikeze amakhethini amahle afunda izakhiwo zamapulazi.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ingadi ye-hibiscus - isithombe - izihlahlana, ikuvumela ukuba uthole uthango nezingoma ezahlukahlukene ngokwenziwa. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nge-hibiscus yaseSyria engazethembi. I-shrub ejwayelekile kakhulu esimweni sezulu esiphansi somgwaqo ophakathi nendawo. Kulula ukumboza ukulondolozwa kobusika.
Ukulima kweHibiscus
Ukuze ukhule i-hibiscus yengadi esimweni sezulu esingajwayelekile, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo zabafuyi bezokunakekela nokukhiqiza kabusha. Imisebenzi esemqoka yile:
- khetha indawo yokutshala;
- amanzi nokondla;
- lungiselela ubusika.
Ukushiya kufaka ukuvikelwa kokutshala kusuka kubalimazi, izifo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindlela zokuhlobisa.
Endaweni ekhanyayo futhi ngaphandle kokufakelwa, i-hibiscus yengadi ingakhula ibe yiminyaka engama-20. Indawo ekhethiwe kufanele ivikeleke emoyeni nasekushiseni kwelanga. Ukutshala isitshalo esitsheni noma ukufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo, lapho isitshalo sigcwele amandla. Izitshalo ezikhule kahle zitshalwa ngezithombo. Amasethi amaningi atshalwe kabusha esitsheni afudumele.
I-Rooting enembile yeHibiscus
Uhlelo oluqinile lwezimpande zesitshalo luqukethe isiqu esimaphakathi nezinqubo. Ukufakwa kwe-hibiscus akudingeki uma kutholwa umsoco owanele. Ngakho-ke, umgodi wokufika ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ukhipha umgodi ukuze izimpande zibe nendawo yentuthuko ekuqaleni kwenhlabathi evulekile. Ukwakheka okungenamsoco kubekwe phansi:
- umhlaba we-turf - izingxenye ezi-2;
- umhlaba wamashidi - izingxenye ezi-2;
- i-humus evuthiwe - ingxenye eyi-1;
- isihlabathi esihlanganayo - ingxenye eyi-1.
Kuthululelwa uhhafu ibhakede lamanzi. Izimpande zihlelwe emcamelweni, ngaphandle kokulimala, ngethemba lokuthi ihlosi elingaphezulu lizoba sezingeni eliphezulu. Izimpande zokukhanya kuphela ezisebenza kulesi sitshalo, ezindala zizithathela umsoco.
Thela umhlaba bese uthambisa umhlaba, futhi ngaphezulu kwe-novosadka bayatwebeka futhi banisele ukuze umhlaba phakathi kwezimpande uhlanganiswe. Esithombeni, ukutshala nokunakekela okwalandela kwesihlahla-hibiscus.
Uma lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthunyelwa endaweni entsha, isikhathi esihle kusentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izimpande ezingaphezulu ziyasuswa, futhi umuthi uthuthelwa endaweni entsha ngaphandle kokubhubhisa i-coma yobumba. Ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukondla engxenyeni engenhla, umqhele ubalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa.
Okubalulekile kulinywayo nokunakekelwa kwe-hibiscus yengadi ukudliwa okujwayelekile kwe-phosphorus - umanyolo we-potassium. I-phosphorus yenza kusebenze izimbali, futhi i-potassium ithuthukisa ubulukhuni besitshalo. Ijusi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kosawoti we-potassium ayizithandi i-aphid - inkathazo enkulu yesitshalo.
Ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo sokuhlobisa
Kwezinye izindawo ezinobusika obubandayo, i-hibiscus yengadi itshalwa njengesitshalo sebhubhu. Uma ukhulisa izitshalo ezintathu ezinezimbali ezahlukahlukene esitsheni esisodwa, bese ufaka iziqu phakathi kwenqubo yokukhula, ungathola ukwakheka kombala ohlukahlukene nge-trunk ejwayelekile, njengasesithombeni se-hibiscus yengadi yesihlahla.
Entwasahlobo, lapho kuqala iziqu ezintsha, amahlumela omile amadala ayasuswa. Ukuthena kuyadingeka, amagatsha amancane kuphela aqhakaza. Ngakho-ke, susa amagatsha angeziwe ngaphambi kokugeleza kokuthamba entwasahlobo. Amagatsha amadala asikiwe, amahlumela wekota edlule ancishisiwe. Amabhasi ngokusebenzisa izihlahla ezihlelekile anganikezwa ukwakheka okufunayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokunquma:
- ukuvusa amandla, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo;
- ukuthambisa, ukususwa kwamahlumela omisiwe, angenamandla;
- ukulungisa
- ekwindla, emva kokuqedwa kwezimbali;
- ukusinda lapho ushiya ubuncane benhlabathi.
Ukunisela nokufafaza i-hibiscus
Amanzi okunisela adinga imvula noma umfula uvikelwe ngokuqina okuphansi. Ukunisela isitshalo kudinga okulinganiselayo, kuya ngomiswa waphezulu komhlaba. Uma kushisa ngaphandle, ukuthambisa kungenzeka kube nsuku zonke. Amaqabunga adinga ukugezwa othulini futhi ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukubonakala kwesimungulu sesicabucabu. Uma umbala uqala ukuwa ngobuningi, akukho umswakama owanele. I-Chlorosis ixwayisa ngokunisela nge-chlorine noma i-iron. Akukho ukwephulwa uma imbali enhle iwa ngosuku. Ukuze ungene esikhundleni sakhe, omunye kufanele aqhakaze. Isiginali esiyingozi ukuwohloka kwezimbali okukhulu kanye nokuqhakaza okungafakwanga. Futhi kaningi, imbangela yesifo se-hibiscus isifo ukuthambisa okungafanele.
Ukuze usindise kuma-aphid, lesi sitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngamanzi nomlotha kusuka ku-cigars noma ugwayi. I-aphid ayibekezeleli iphunga le-lavender elikhula eduze kwe-hibiscus. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe kusenesikhathi ukuze amaqabunga we-hibiscus obuthakathaka angabi nentshisekelo kuloluthaka.
Ingadi yesihlahla i-hibiscus ishiya amaqabunga ebusika. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ukhula ungabi ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili. I-Hibiscus blooms kusuka ngoJulayi kuya esiqandeni sokuqala. Izinhlobo ezimelana neqhwa zithathwa njengezingashisi iqhwa phakathi nobusika obuthambile baseningizimu. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, indawo yokuhlala yezitshalo ezishisayo iyadingeka. Ukulima, izinhlobo zezimbali ezingezona eziphindwe kabili kufanele zisetshenziswe lapha.
Lesi sitshalo siniselwa kakhulu ebusika, ngemuva kokumiswa kwengqimba engenhla sifakwa phezulu, kepha isihlabathi singezelwa emhlabathini ngesithathu. Lapho kusungulwa isimo sezulu esineqhwa esineqhwa, lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngemithambo, sawdust, amahlamvu owomile - umbhede okhululekile cishe ngo-15 cm.
Amahlumela, ngangokunokwenzeka, agobile emhlabathini, embozwe ngento emnyama engalukiwe emigqeni eminingana. Uhlaka lwakhiwe ngaphezulu, lapho izinto zokufakelwa kanye nesiqoqelalwazi se-coniferous ziphonswa ngemuva kwalokho. Lesi sithombe sikhombisa indlela ubusika be-hibiscus ebusika engadini.
Ezindongeni ezifudumele, i-hibiscus enjengesihlahla ingakhula ngezimpande ezifakiwe, kepha kuyadingeka ukulungiselela uhlaka lokusindiswa ezimeni ezibucayi. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu sezwekazi, i-hibiscus yengadi iqinisekisiwe ukuthi izogcinwa emaphaketheni ngokumba isitshalo ngenqwaba enkulu yomhlaba.
I-Grassy hibiscus overwinter uma ifakwa ngemuva kokufa kwengxenye yomhlaba.
Ukusakazwa kwengadi ye-hibiscus
IHibiscus isakazeka kalula ngokusika kanye nembewu. Lezi zindlela zombili ziyasetshenziswa, kepha ukuxhunyelelwa kunikeza isihlahla sokuhlobisa ngokushesha. Indlela yembewu ikuvumela ukuthi uthole isitshalo esidala sezimbali zabantu abadala ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu.
Okwenzelwe ukusikwa okunezinhlaka eziqoshiwe ezifanelekile, ezinikeza i-whisk yezimpande emanzini. Ama-cutways amahle kakhulu angatshalwa emabhodweni futhi atshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo ngemuva kobusika. Izimpande ezisikiwe zingaba sezintanjaneni. Kepha isihlahla esiqinile esithe ukukhula ngokuqinile ehlobo, silungele ukushisa ubusika, sitholakala kwisithombo esishicilelwe phansi nesikhulile.
