Enye ye-bonsai podocarpus ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu edume ngomqhele wayo oyingqayizivele. Njengoba ngokwemvelo ingumgqumo omkhulu ngokwanele, i-podocarpus ibamba ngomqondo wobucwebe bamakati futhi ibukeka njengekhophi elincishisiwe labakhulu. Izinaliti ezinemibala emnyama zibukeka kahle ngokumelene nesizinda samagxolo akhanyayo. Lolu akuyona uhlobo olungathandeki kakhulu, kodwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-bonsai olungathandeki. Amandla ebusika emakamelweni ahlanganiswe kwi-podocarpus ngothando lokunisela okunembile nokuthena okukhethekile.
I-podocarp enkulu (i-Podocarpus macrophyllus).
I-podocarpus enkulu futhi ehlaba umxhwele in esincane
Ama-podocarpus ahlala egqamile - ungomunye wabameleli abahle kakhulu bokwakhiwa okuyisisekelo sokwakheka kwendawo, ethinta ubungqabavu obungajwayelekile bokuhlaza okuhlaza lapho kuklanywe kahle ngisho nasenkambisweni yengadi. Ngefomu le-bonsai, futhi bathokozela isimo senkanyezi ekhethekile. IPodocarpus ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu ze-bonsai, eyaqala ukwakhiwa ngohlobo lwembiza eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule. Imfashini ye-podocarpus yeza kithi ivela eJalimani, lapho iyipodocarpus evame ukusebenza njenge-bonsai yomndeni. Igama elilula le-podocarpus, i-lapodilles, livame njengokubhalwa ngqo kwegama elithile lesiLatini elithi Podocarpus.
Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, kusetshenziswa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-podocarpus - podocarp enkulu (I-Podocarpus macrophyllus) kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo, yize ngokwemvelo lesi sitshalo simelelwa yinani elikhulu lezinhlobo. Lapho ithengiswa, imvamisa kakhulu nge-podocarpus, ayizikhombisi nhlobo izinhlobo zezinhlobo, ibhekisa kuzo zonke izitshalo ngokuthi i-Bonsai Podocarpus.
IPodocarpus izihlahlana ezinkulu ezikhula zibe ngamashumi amaningana amamitha ngokwemvelo, kodwa ngokwesiko le-bonsai zihlala zisongela ukuguquka zibe yimidondoshiya yangempela. Ngaphandle kokulawula nokuthena okufika ngesikhathi, i-podocarpus ingakhula ingabi ngaphezu kwama-40-80 cm, kepha ifike kumamitha angaphezu kwama-1.5. Ngokomqondo, iPodocarpus, ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-bonsai, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukucaciswa kokuthenwa kwazo. Amagxolo ePodocarpus muhle kakhulu. Umbala onsundu wamagxolo akhanya umehluko omuhle ngombala ocebile oluhlaza okotshani. Uhlobo olude oluphuzi lwamhlamvu amancane lugcizelela futhi lo mehluko. Amagxolo asemasha ahamba kancane kancane aqhekeke futhi athole ukuthungwa okungafani nenye.
Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo avame ukuqhathaniswa nama-yew. Kepha i-podocarpus engenabuthi futhi iphephe ngokuphelele ihluke ngandlela thile, futhi amaqabunga amade namakhulu ayizicaba ayakhumbuza kakhudlwana ngephayini noma i-rosemary. Ubude binaliti bungafinyelela ku-10 cm cm. Izinaliti ezifuthwayo ziguqula umbala omncane "omncane" oluhlaza okotshani, obukhazimulayo obukhanyayo ube yitoni emnyama, egcwele futhi ebandayo. Emagatsheni, amaqabunga ahlelwe ngokuqondile, akha amakhemikhali angafani emikhawulweni. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, amaqabunga e-podocarp anganamathela ezinhlangothini, adale indlela egobekile, noma ikhule iqonde, inikeze umphumela onamandla kakhudlwana. Kuwo wonke ama-podocarpus, umqhele ubukeka uminyene ngokumangalisayo.
Ukukhanyisela i-podocarpus nokubekwa ngaphakathi
Lolu uhlobo lwe-bonsai oluthathwa kalula oludinga ukukhanyiswa okuqinile unyaka wonke. Ukukhanya okuhle okuhlanekezelwe noma indawo enelanga evikelwe yimisebe yasemini kulungile.
I-Podocarpus ngokwesiko ibekwe kuma-sill e-windows. Abakuthandi ukukhanyiselwa okuningana kakhulu futhi ngaphakathi bangakwazi ukukukhokhela ukukhanyiswa okuncane. IPodocarpus ngokwengxenye ithande amawindi aseningizimu, asentshonalanga noma asempumalanga.
Lapho ubeka i-podocarpus, umuntu kufanele ngazo zonke izindlela ukubagwema noma iyiphi indawo enomshini womoya noma imishini yokushisa.
Bonsai kusuka iqabunga elikhulu podocarp.
Izimo zokushisa ze-podocarp nomoya omncane
Esikhathini esisebenzayo sokukhula, wonke ama-podocarpus ahlangabezana kahle nanoma yiliphi igumbi noma amazinga okushisa ashisayo, kuncike ekunakekelweni ngokucophelela. Kungcono uma ngisho nasekuphakameni kwehlobo, i-podocarpus igcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama-18 kuye kwangama-20. Kepha ukushisa kunganxephezelwa ngokushiya.
Kwi-podocarpus ayidingeki, kepha ubusika obumnandi buyadingeka. Isitshalo sikhula kahle kakhulu futhi sibukeka sipholile ngenkathi ebusika, emazingeni okushisa angama-10 kuye kwangama-15. Isitshalo asithandi ukupholisa okuqinile, inani eliphakeme elivumelekile ngamazinga okushisa ayi-6. Uma izimo ezipholile zingaphindeki, isitshalo sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ukwanda komswakama womoya ngokwengxenye kufanela okungenani amazinga okushisa aphakeme, kepha ubusika obufudumele buthathwa njengento eyingozi enkulu ekulahlekelweni kwalolu hlobo lwe-bonsai.
I-podocarpus ithanda ukuchitha isizini yonke efudumele emoyeni ohlanzekile. Engadini, ethafini noma emphemeni, izitshalo zingashiywa kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, lapho nje izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lidlula ama-15 degrees Celsius. Kungcono ukuvumelanisa lesi sitshalo endaweni entsha kancane kancane, ekuqaleni ukusikhipha usuku futhi kancane kancane sikhulise isikhathi esichithwa emoyeni ovulekile. Kodwa ukubeka i-podocarpus emoyeni omusha, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-bonsai lukhetha ukukhanyisa okuzinzile nezindawo ezinelanga kuzoba ingcindezi enkulu kuye. Lapho wenza i-podocarpus, kukhethwa izindawo ezinomthunzi omnyama.
Kudingeka umoya ophindaphindwayo we-podocarpus nalapho kugcinwa khona egumbini, ngisho nasebusika. Ukufinyelela umoya omusha yisimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokugcina ubuhle balolu hlobo lwe-bonsai. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, i-podocarpus yesaba okubhaliwe futhi kuyadingeka ukwenza i-airing ngokucophelela kakhulu.
Nakekela i-podocarpus ekhaya
IPodocarpus akuyona into elula, kepha hhayi isitshalo se-bonsai esinzima kakhulu ukusikhulisa. Udinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, isitshalo siphulukana kalula nomphumela waso wokuhlobisa lapho siphuthelwe kokuqukethwe kwaso, kepha asidingi ezinye izinyathelo noma imizamo eyengeziwe. IPodocarpus inganconywa abalimi abanolwazi, nakulabo abajwayelana nje nalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo.
Izikhathi ezinzima kunazo zonke kulinywe i-podocarpus zinisela futhi zigcina izinkomba ezintofontofo zomswakama.
Ukunisela okucashile kanye nomswakama
Imvamisa yokunisela i-podocarpus ikhethiwe ngokulawula umswakama wenhlabathi. Isigatshana kumele sihlale simanzi. Kuphela umphezulu waphezulu okufanele womile phakathi kwezinqubo zamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sitshalo asikuthandi ukuthokomala nokunisela ngokweqile, njengoma yikuphi ukomiswa okuqinile kwesigaxa sobumba. Kepha uma ngemuva kwesomiso kunethuba lokusindisa lesi sitshalo ngokufaka imbiza emanzini ukuze igcwaliswe ngokushesha ngomswakama, kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukubhekana nemiphumela yokugcwala ngokweqile.
Ukunisela ngesikhathi sokuphumula ngqo kuya ngezimo zokuvalelwa. Ngobusika obupholile, benziwa ngenani elincane lamanzi, vele bangavumeli inhlabathi ukuthi yome ngokuphelele, benciphisa imvamisa phakathi kokunisela kaningana. Ukuchelela okunamandla ngesikhathi sasebusika obupholile kungadala ukulimala okungalungiseki. Uma lesi sitshalo sibhodla ukushisa, ukunisela kuyancipha, kunciphisa kancane umswakama we-substrate futhi kugxile ekutheni yoma kanjani phakathi kwalezi zinqubo.
UPodocarpus uthanda umswakama ophezulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukugcina umqhele omuhle emoyeni owomile, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-20 ehlobo kanye nama-degree angu-15 ebusika. I-Podocarpus ithande umphefumulo ofudumele. Ngobusika obupholile, ukufafaza akwenziwa. Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ungangezela umswakama ngale ndlela elula, kepha ukufakwa kwama-humidifiers kuzosebenza kangcono kakhulu.
Okokunisela nokufafaza sebenzisa amanzi ajwayelekile okuma. Ukugxila okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekushiseni kwamanzi: kufanele kufane nomoya egumbini.
I-podocarpus enkulu ene-leved emabhodweni angaphakathi.
Ukufaka umquba nokwakheka kwamanyolo we-podocarp
Ukuze ama-podocarpus akhule ngohlobo lwe-bonsai, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Umthamo ojwayelekile usetshenziselwa bona, kepha umanyolo usetshenziswa imvamisa yesikhathi esiyi-1 njalo emavikini angama-3-4.
IPodocarpus ithande umanyolo okhethekile weConifers kunokuba umanyolo we-bonsai. Ungaguqula umanyolo we-organic namaminerali. Kulolu hlobo lwe-bonsai, kunconywa ukuthi ungeze ukondla okwengeziwe nge-iron chelate kuhlelo lokunakekelwa (isikhathi esingu-1 ezinyangeni ezi-6).
Ukunciphisa nokubumba i-podocarp
Lapho uthambisa lesi sitshalo, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu. Akunakusho uma izinaliti zesitshalo zingathintwa noma zisikwe kancane; lapho ukhetha indawo ongayisika, kufanele uhlole amagatsha ngokucophelela futhi uqhube ukusika “ngokhuni” ngaphandle kokulimaza amaqabunga. Umqhele obukhulu wenza kube nzima ukuthena ngandlela thile, kepha irobhothi elicocekile libaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasempilweni ye-podocarpus.
Kwi-podocarpus, kwenziwa izinhlobo ezintathu zokuthena - ukuhlanza izihlanza, ukuthena ukuze kulolwe i-silhouette, kanye nokulungisa ukugunda izinwele. Lesi sakamuva sinciphisa amahlumela futhi sigcine ukwakheka nobukhulu besitshalo. I-podocarpus ithola ukugawulwa okuqinile kwamahlumela aphambili nangaphezulu, ngoba isitshalo sivame ukwelula ukuya phezulu, futhi ungakha amahlosi amahle aphansi kuphela ngokukhawulwa okungapheli kwengxenye ephezulu yomqhele.
I-Podocarpus ingasikwa kaningana ngonyaka ngokuvalwa okungenani kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kulesi siko, kubalulekile ukususa amagatsha aqobayo, asondelene kakhulu, noma asontekile futhi aqhakazile. Ukuguquguquka kwamahlumela kuvumela ukwakheka kwentambo. Izingxenye kufanele ziphathwe ngamalungiselelo akhethekile noma zifafazwe ngamalahle.
Ukufakelwa kwePodocarpus ne-substrate
Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo eziningi, i-podocarpus ingatshalwa kabusha hhayi kuphela entwasahlobo, kodwa futhi ehlobo noma ekwindla. Ukuhanjiswa okuvame ukwenziwa kulesi sitshalo akunamsebenzi: i-podocarpus ayikuthandi ukuxhumana nezimpande, iyazwela ushintsho ngobukhulu, ngakho-ke ishiyelwa ebhodweni elidala isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngisho nezitshalo ezincane zitshalwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Abantu abadala bangahle badinge ukufakelwa kaningi kunayo yonke iminyaka emi-4-5.
AmaPodocarpuses akhetha izimbiza zodaka, iziqukathi ezenziwe ngezinto zemvelo neziphefumulayo. Akunakutshalwa ezitsheni ezijulile, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula ikakhulu kububanzi.
Akulula kangako ukukhetha i-substrate ye-podocarpus. Kumele ikhululeke ngasikhathi sinye, ilula futhi ivikele umswakama. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-substrate ekhethekile yokutshala i-bonsai noma ingxube yamagxolo we-coniferous enomhlabathi nesihlabathi. Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe kuzinkomba ze-pH: I-podocarpus ithanda inhlabathi ye-acid futhi i-pH yabo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-6.8-7.0.
Lapho udlulisela i-podocarpus ngaphansi kwamathangi ibeka ungqimba ophakathi nendawo wokudonsa. Kuyadingeka ukuthutha izitshalo ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka, umane ulayishe isigaxa sodaka futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingxenye yaso eyinhloko. Ukunciphisa izimpande ezizungeze ozungezile kwenziwa ngamathuluzi abukhali, ngaphandle kokususa i-substrate kuyo yonke i-rhizome. Ku-podocarpus, kufika ku-1/3 yevolumu yezimpande. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi we-podocarpus livame ukufakwa ngembobo yokuhlobisa.
Izifo, izilokazane nezinkinga ezikhulayo
Inkinga enkulu ekukhuleni kwe-podocarpus kalula kokusakazeka kokubola kwezimpande. Lezi zinkinga zivezwa njengomphumela wokufaka amanzi emhlabathini, lapho amaqabunga eqala ukoma, imiphetho yawo iba nsundu, ukuqina kwawo kudilike. Ungabhekana nenkinga kuphela ngokulungiswa okuphuthumayo kokunakekelwa nokunisela ngama-fungicides.
Kwi-podocarpus, amaqabunga amnyama uma eniselwa ngamanzi alukhuni angashintsha umbala wawo ube mpunga. Kulesi simo, noma yikuphi ukushintshwa kombala, kufaka phakathi i-yellowing, kuvame ukukhombisa ukungahambi kahle ekunakekelweni noma ukukhanyisa okunganele.
Kwezinambuzane ezikwi-podocarpus, izimbuzane zesicabucabu zivame ukutholakala, kepha ama-bonsai angahlushwa isikwena nokuqina. Udinga ukubhekana nezinambuzane ngokushesha ngokwelapha ngama-insecticides.
Bonsai kusuka iqabunga elikhulu podocarp.
Ukukhiqizwa kweqabunga elikhulu leqabunga
Indlela eyinhloko yokusakazwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-bonsai ukusika izimpande kwezinwele zokusika. Amahlumela ezimpande anqunywa phakathi kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo.
Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi enqubekweni ye-rooting. Izimbambo ezinobude obungu-10 kuya ku-15 cm ziphathwa nge-stimulator yokukhula bese zingcwatshwa zibaliwe noma ziphathwa ngesihlabathi esimanzi se-fungicide. Ziqukethe ukusikwa okufudumele ngaphansi kwehod, ngokushisa okuphansi kanye nokugcina umswakama womhlabathi oqhubekayo (ukuthambisa kwenziwa kangcono ngokufakwa kwezithuthukisi zokukhula). Ngokwesilinganiso, ukhula lwenqanaba luthatha okungenani izinyanga ezingama-2,5 ukuya kwezingu-2. Ungazama ukusula izingcezu eziluhlaza ze-podocarp emanzini.
IPodocarpus nayo ingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Kuhlwanyelwa nesihlabathi esibaliwe, kumbozwe kancane kusuka phezulu ngesendlalelo esincanyana se-substrate bese kubekwa endaweni yokushisa emazingeni angama-0 kuye kwangama-5 degrees. Umswakama omanzi womhlabathi ugcinwa amasonto amathathu kuya kwayi-4 womsebenzi obandayo. Ngemuva kokuhlanza, izitshalo zihanjiswa ezimweni ezifudumele.
