Isitshalo se-dicenter (i-Dicentra) siyisimo sohlobo lwe-herbaceous perennials kanye nonyaka, singomndeni we-subfamily haze, umndeni we-poppy. Abantu abaningi bayasazi lesi sitshalo ngenxa yezimbali-nezinhliziyo zayo ezingajwayelekile. EFrance, ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo sibizwa ngenhliziyo kaJeanette. Kunenganekwane endala kakhulu lapho kuthiwa lezi zimbali zavela khona kanye lapho inhliziyo kaJeanette ngeshwa yaphuka khona, lapho ibona isithandwa sayo sehla ezansi nenye indlela. ENgilandi, imbali enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi "intokazi ekugeza." Igama lesiLatin lesi sitshalo esinjalo sakhiwa ngamagama amabili esiGrikhi, okungukuthi "dis" - "kabili" no "kentron" - ispur, ngenxa yedicenter ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "spore-kabili" noma "imbali enama-spurs amabili". Lesi sitshalo safika emazweni aseYurophu sivela eJapan ngo-1816, ngenkathi sathola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwama-aristocrat. Lapho-ke lesi sitshalo sacishe sayikhohlwa, kepha okwamanje imbali iyaqala ukuthandwa ngabalimi bobabili abanolwazi nabama-novice.
Ama-Dicentres
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zohlobo lwesitshalo esinjalo, kanti iningi lazo likhula eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Ekude, naseMpumalanga China. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka ku-0.3 kuya kumitha eli-1. Lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezinomzimba omude ongena shí emhlabathini. Amapuleti awo amahle aluhlaza cisrus-dissected green has a tint bluish, futhi futhi ane-petiole. Izimbali ezichobozekile kancane zibunjiwe ngenhliziyo futhi zibomvana ngombala obomvu noma ompinki. Ububanzi bawo buba amasentimitha ama-2, futhi bayingxenye yamaphethelo wokugcina we-drooping arched inflorescence onesimo sebhashi. At izimbali on corolla is a pair of Spur. Izithelo ziyibhokisi ngaphakathi elinembewu emnyama ecwebezelayo enomumo obumbekile. Zihlala zisebenza iminyaka emi-2.
Ungatshala kanjani emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Etshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli kuya kwelokuqala - ngoMeyi nangoSepthemba. Lapho utshala ekwindla, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imbali kufanele ikhule kahle futhi ithuthukise uhlelo lwezimpande ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sasebusika. Ukuze uthole isitshalo esinjalo, ungakhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle noma etholakala emthunzini omncane. Kodwa-ke, endaweni enelanga, ama-dicentres aqhakaza izimbali angabonakala ngokushesha okukhulu. Lesi sitshalo singatshalwa kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kepha inketho enhle kakhulu yaso kuzoba umhlaba olula, omanzeke kahle, omanzi ngokulinganayo futhi onothile. Inhlabathi yokufika kufanele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Uma uzotshala isitshalo entwasahlobo, bese unakekela ukuyilungiselela indawo ezinyangeni zasekwindla, futhi okuphambene nalokho, uma ukutshala kuhlelwe ekwindla, lapho-ke kufanele ulungiselele isiza entwasahlobo. Umhlaba udinga ukumba ujule ekujuleni kwefosholo, kuyilapho i-humus kufanele ingeniswe kuwo (ngesikwele esisodwa semitha ukusuka kumakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwayi-4 womanyolo), lapho-ke umhlaba kufanele uchithulwe ngesisombululo sezakhi esakhiwe kusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali (amagremu angama-20 ento ebhakedeni lamanzi).
Kanjani emhlabeni
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungisa izimbobo zokutshala izimbali. Ububanzi bawo nokujula kwawo kufanele kube ngokulingana no-0,4 m, ngenkathi kudingekile ukubuka ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla - kuya ku-0.5 m. Phansi udinga ukwenza ungqimba wokudonsa ngezitini noma udaka olwephukile. Ngemuva kwalokho uthululela inhlabathi yengadi ithululelwa kuyo, okufanele ihlanganiswe nomquba kuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho emgodini udinga ukwehlisa isitshalo bese usimboza ngengxube efanayo yenhlabathi yengadi nomquba. Kuleso simo, uma inhlabathi isinda kakhulu, khona-ke ingahlanganiswa nesihlabathi, futhi uma ungeza ama-lime we-limestone enhlabathini, i-dicenter izoba ngcono kuphela.
Isikhungo sokunakekela
Nisela isitshalo kufanele kube ngokulingana, futhi kufanele ukhulule uhlelo lomhlabathi ngokuhlelekile futhi ukhiphe ukhula ngendlela efanelekile. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande lwembali lufuna umoya-mpilo wokukhula okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhulula umhlaba. Lapho amahlumela avela nje entwasahlobo, adinga ukumbozwa ebusuku, ngoba isithwathwa singawabhubhisa. Kufanele iniselwe ngamanzi athambile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sesomiso, ukuchelela kufanele kube kaningi kunokujwayelekile, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuthambisa ngokweqile kungadala ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande. Isitshalo kufanele sondliwe njalo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kudinga umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen, lapho uqala ukuqhakaza, i-superphosphate iba nesidingo, ekwindla, ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu kufanele lithululwe ngokufakwa kwe-mullein futhi kufakwe i-humus. Uma ufuna ukunweba izimbali,-ke kuyadingeka ukukhipha izimbali eziqala ukubuna.
Ukufakelwa
Imbali ayidingi ukufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwale nqubo, ingayenza iminyaka engama-5-6. Ngemuva kwalokho, kunconywa ukuyidlulisa, ukhetha indawo yayo entsha. Kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2, imbali kufanele itshalwe, uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke uhlelo lwezimpande olwandisiwe luqala ukubola, okuholela ekufeni kwalo okuyingxenye. Ekwindla yokuqala, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, noma ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli kanye nezinsuku zokuqala zikaMeyi, imbali eneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala kufanele imbiwe ngokucophelela, ngenkathi izama ukungalimazi izimpande. Ngemuva kokuba izimpande zomile kancane (kufanele zome kancane), kudingeka zihlukaniswe ngokucophelela zibe izingxenye zamasentimitha ayi-10- 10, kuyilapho esinye nesinye sazo kufanele sibe nezinso ezi-3 noma ezi-4. Izingcezu kufanele zifafazwe ngomlotha. Emva kwalokho, izingxenye zitshalwa endaweni entsha futhi ziniselwe. Uma ufuna isihlahla sikhulu, khona-ke emgodini owodwa ungatshala ngokushesha izingxenye ezi-2 noma ezi-3 zempande. Dlulisa isitshalo ngendlela efanayo nokutshala.
Ama-dicentres okuzala
Lokhu okungenhla kuchaza ukuthi ungasabalalisa kanjani lesi sitshalo ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Ukutshala imbali enjalo kusuka ezinhlotsheni kunzima impela futhi kuyazikhandla, kepha nokho abanye abalimi abangama-amateur basaphendukela kule ndlela yokuzala, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kukhona amacala okutshala ngempumelelo kwama-dicentres. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngoSepthemba, kuyilapho iziqukathi zibekwa endaweni epholile (ukusuka kuma-18 kuye kwangama-20 degrees). Izithombo kufanele zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zinamaqabunga ayi-2 eqiniso, azodinga ukungena emanzini avulekile. Ngokubusika, izithombo zidinga indawo yokukhosela futhi zisebenzisa ifilimu kulokhu. Isitshalo esikhulwe embewini siqala ukuqhakaza sineminyaka emithathu kuphela.
Ungasabalalisa lesi sitshalo ngesikebhe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, ukusika kudinga ukulungiswa, ngoba lokhu, amahlumela amasha ngesithende asikiwe. Ubude bezinsika kufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Emahoreni angama-24 afakwa kuma-ejenti akhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande abese atshalwe ezimbizeni zezimbali ukuze zibambe. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlabathi ekhanyayo nenomswakama isetshenziselwa ukhula lwenhlanganisela, kanti ukusika empeleni kudwengulwa ngezimbiza zeglasi, ezisuswa kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zisike izimpande, zingadluliselwa engadini ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-dicenter imelana kakhulu nezifo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi iyagula ngokutholwa ngogwayi nokubona kwendandatho. Esibonelweni esinegciwane, kuvela amabala nemivimbo emapuletini amaqabunga asemancane, futhi ezindandeni zabantu abadala ezinombala onsomi kanye nefomu eliphakeme ziyakhiwa, ezifanayo ekubonisweni kwamaqabunga e-oak. Akuvamile ukuthi isitshalo sigule ngesifo se-mycoplasma, ngenxa yalokho, isiqu saso sezimbali siba lukhuni, ukukhula kunciphe, nombala wezimbali ushintshe ube luhlaza noma ophuzi. Ukuvikela izifo, kunconywa ukunisela izimbali ngendlela efanelekile, ngoba umswakama ngokweqile wenza buthaka isitshalo, futhi singagula kalula. Kungenzeka futhi ukuphatha inhlabathi ngesixazululo se-formalin njengendlela yokuvimbela, noma kunjalo, izimbali zingatshalwa emhlabathini onjalo kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amane.
Ezinambuzaneni ezikulesi sitshalo, kungatholakala izidambisa-moya kuphela. Ukuyibhubhisa, isihlahla siphathwa nge-Antitlin noma iBiotlin.
Ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Ochwepheshe abancomi ukuqoqa imbewu kusuka kuma-dicentres akhulele emzileni ophakathi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kungenzeka bangavuthi. Kepha imbewu evuthiwe inokuhluma okuphansi kakhulu.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ekwindla, ingxenye yesitshalo ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwenhlabathi kumele inqunywe isondele emhlabathini. I-hemp esele esele kufanele ibe nokuphakama kwamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu. Yize lesi sitshalo simelana neqhwa, sisafuna indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ufafazwa ngesendlalelo se-peat kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8 amasentimitha. Awudingi ukwenza ungqimba obukhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwezimpande lungaqala ukukhanya.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-dicentres anezithombe namagama
I-dicentra enhle (i-Dicentra eximia), noma i-dicenter ehlukile, noma enhle kakhulu
Izwe layo libhekwa njengezifunda ezisentshonalanga neNyakatho Melika. I-perennial enjalo ukuphakama ifinyelela kuphela amasentimitha angama-20. Amahlamvu anamaqabunga anamaqabunga. Amapulangwe anamaqabunga esundu ayakhiwe ngama-lobes amancane, kuyilapho eyingxenye yama-rosette asabekayo asebhasikidi. Ububanzi bezimbali ezipinki cishe buyi-25 mm, ziyingxenye yama-inflorescences arched, anesimo sebhulashi futhi afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Kuqala ukuqhakaza eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi, kanti ubude bezimbali buyizinyanga ezintathu. Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa (singamelana nama-degree angama-35), kepha sinconywa ukufafaza ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ekwindla nge-mulch. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1812. Kunefomu elinezimbali ezimhlophe.
I-Dicentra enhle (i-Dicentra formosa)
Izinhlobo eza emazweni aseYurophu zivela eBritish Columbia. Lapho ungahlangana nesitshalo esisuka enkabeni yeCalifornia siya emahlathini emvula. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0,3. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza wesundu anendawo yokukhanya engalungile kancane. Banama-petioles amade futhi bayingxenye ye-basal rosette. Ubude be-inflorescences busuka ku-10 ukuya ku-15 amasentimitha. Ziqukethe izimbali ezincane ezinombala onsomi, ububanzi bazo obungu-20 mm. Izimbali ziqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi futhi zihlala kuze kube sekupheleni. Banokuphikisana nobusika obuphezulu, kepha badinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1796.
Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Aurora. Ama-petals akhiwe ngezansi amhlophe ngombala futhi ngaphezulu akhanya ngombala opinki eduze kwe-peduncle.
- Inkosi yezinhliziyo. Izimbali eziqhakazile ezipinki namapuleti aluhlaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Lolu hlobo lune-subspecies - i-oregano dicenter. Kuyinto engapheli kusuka eCalifornia nasentshonalanga esentshonalanga. Izimbali zinombala opinki ophuzi noma omhlophe no-ukhilimu nge-hoarfrost epinki. Isimo se-Alba sinezimbali ezimhlophe.
I-Dicentra napellus (i-Dicentra cicilia)
Ngasempumalanga Melika Melika kusuka ezifundazweni zase-Oregon naseWashington. Ama-Rhizomes afaka amaqhubu amancane. Ipuleti eliluhlaza elimpunga elihlaza grey lihlukanisile ukudala imicamelo kusuka kuma-rosette. Isiqu sezimbali siphakeme ngamamitha ayi-0.3; sinezimbali ezimhlophe ezinama-spurs amade kakhulu. Imvamisa lezinhlobo zikhula ekhaya. Le nhlobo inesitshalo sePittsburgh, izimbali zayo zipinki. Muva nje kwavela ifomu elinezimbali eziphuzi zikalamula.
I-dicenter enegolide elihlotshiswe ngegolide (Dicentra chrysantha)
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lolu hlobo yiMexico, kanye nemithambeka yaseCalifornia (endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1700). Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0,45 kuya kwayi-1.52. Izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi yentwasahlobo futhi zihlala kuze kufike izinsuku zokuqala ekwindla. Izimbali zinombala ophuzi futhi zinama-petals ayi-2 angaguquki ngokungajwayelekile. Lapho sikhule engadini, isitshalo esinjalo siba sobala; ezimweni zemvelo, sikhula ngokushesha ezindaweni zokushiswa.
I-dicentra ene-single-flowed (Dicentra uniflora)
Ungahlangana ngendalo e-Idaho, enyakatho ye-Utah, naseNyakatho Melika usuka eSierra Nevada uye eWashington. Isitshalo esinjalo kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngabantu ngokuthi “i-cowhide”, ngoba sinesimo esingajwayelekile. Ukubonakala kwezimbali ezingashadile kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari-Julayi, kanti ubude bama-peduncle ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuphela. Ngokwehlukile kuma-peduncle, amapheshana e-cirrus akhula. Lo mbono uyasebenza impela, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukuwunakekela.
Ama-dicentres kwesinye isikhathi asatshalwa: amabhusha aphansi, amhlophe qwa kanye neCanada.
