Ukutshala imbewu yamakhasi endaweni evulekile Ukutshala nokunakekela izitshalo Zokutshala izilimo

Ukutshala peas entwasahlobo esithombeni somhlaba ovulekile

I-peas yisitshalo semifino somhlaba ovulekile. It is ngokuphelele ukunqunyelwa ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi, ebandayo-ukumelana, kuba yisanduleli esihle kakhulu kwezinye izitshalo engadini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, itshalwa yonke indawo. Uma unesikhala samahhala esisele esizeni, yenza umbhede wethanga eliluhlaza okotshani. Kuzoba ngumthombo wezithelo ezinempilo, ezinoshukela nezangempela.

Amapisi azithanda kakhulu izingane (adla okuluhlaza okotshani), uphizi nawo asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene. Ngenhloso yokudla, abasebenzisi ubhontshisi kuphela, kepha nama-bevu amahlombe anamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zaminyaka yonke zinhle kakhulu: zixubene, zigaxekile, ziluhlaza okumnandi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala (isikhathi, imbewu nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka) nokunakekelwa ngeke kube nzima, ngisho nomlimi we-novice uzobhekana nalokhu.

Izinsuku zokutshala uphizi emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukutshala kahle peas lapho kutshalwe imbewu enomhlaba ovulekile

Tshala nini imbewu yamakhasi emhlabathini? Isikhathi sokutshala kwepea: kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukuze ukwazi ukuvuna ehlobo lonke, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. I-Pea iyakhula futhi ikhule ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ngisho naphakathi nendawo uqinisekisiwe ukuqoqa izilimo eziningana. Isikhathi sokutshala uphizi singandiswa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Isithwathwa asisibi esitshalweni - peas (amahlumela amasha) azokubekezelela ngokuthobeka ukwehla kwesikhashana kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-6 ° C. Kepha noma kunjalo, kufanele itshalwe emhlabathini ofudumele (endaweni eshisayo, enhlabathini ebandayo, imbewu ibolile). Izinga lokushisa lingaphansi, kepha lihlale lihle (10-12 ° C). Ukufudumeza umbhede, ungawumboza nge-foil.

Izimo zokukhulisa uphizi emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukukhetha isiza nokukhanyisa isiza

Okokuqala, kufanele uthathe isinqumo sendawo yokukhulisa uphizi. Indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga futhi ivikeleke ekubhalweni nakumamitha okubandayo. Lapho ukutshala ku-shading, zezimbali nezithelo, ngokulandelana, kuwohloka, izimfanelo zokunambitha zamabala namahlombe nezithelo ziwohloka. Amaphisi abuyiselwa endaweni efanayo akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-4.

Ukondla nabandulelayo

Ngenqubo yokukhula, akufiseleki ukondla isivuno (lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni kwesisindo esiluhlaza kulimaze izimbali nezithelo), kepha inhlabathi igcwele ngezinto eziphilayo. Inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo (umquba nomquba) zivame ukulethwa ngaphansi kwamatamatisi - zizoba ngabanduleli abahle bophizi, nangeminye imidumba. Ukutshala okuthandekayo ngemuva kwithanga, amazambane.

Ukutshala amazambane ngethanga

Imvamisa, i-peas itshalwa ngqo enkundleni yamazambane (imbewu ifakwa kwizimbobo ezinama-tubers). Le ndlela yokulima inokubambelela nabaphikisi. I-Peas ngeke yenze ukuncintisana okuningi ekuthuthukisweni kwamazambane, kunalokho, izovikela ama-tubers kuma-wireworms. Ukuphela kwento evimbela ukucubungulwa kwamazambane kusuka kubhungane lamazambane aseColorado, emva kwalokho izingulube eziluhlaza ngeke zidliwe. Ngakho-ke, amazambane angatshalwa kuphela uma ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa aqandwe kwisibulala zinambuzane ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ukulungiswa kwesiza sokutshala uphizi

Ukulungiswa komhlaba ekwindla

Ngokuya komsoco wenhlabathi, amasiko awemanga. Isimo esiyinhloko ukungabekezeleleki, ukungathathi hlangothi kwenhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, okokuqala (kusukela ekwindla) faka ulamula wegadi (250-300 g nge-1 m²).

Inhlabathi enamanzi amaningi kufanele inondliwe. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ekwindla. Ngokumba, engeza i-humus noma umquba (amabhakede angu-0.5 nge-1 m²), 30 g we-potrateum nitrate no-20 g we-superphosphate.

Entwasahlobo, lapho nje amanzi ancibilikile ehla, bambe indawo leyo ndawo bese uyikhipha.

Umanyolo we peas lapho utshala entwasahlobo

Amapisi adinga umanyolo we-phosphate ne-potash. Uma ungakasilungisanga isiza kusukela ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokutshala ungazifaka emigqeni ngokuya ngemiyalo yomenzi (sebenzisa i-superphosphate, i-potassium nitrate).

Ngabe ngidinga ukuthambisa uphizi ngaphambi kokutshala?

Hlola ngokucophelela impahla yokutshala, hlunga ikhwalithi ephansi (ephukile, ekhonjiwe, enamathiselwe amabala, amachashazi). Imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme yangaphandle ingahle ibe amadombolo - ngokuqinisekiswa okulandelayo, beka u-30 g kasawoti kusixazululo se-sodium chloride (ilitha elilodwa lamanzi). Ukungena phansi, kufanelekile ukutshala. Zihlanze ngamanzi afudumele.

Ngokuhlwanyelwa, ungasebenzisa imbewu eyomile, kepha uma umanzi, izokhula ngokushesha. Kunoma ikuphi, kusiza ukuhlukanisa imbewu: imizuzu engu-5-7, beka i-1 g kusisombululo se-boric acid (kumalitha ama-5 amanzi).

Ungawofaka kanjani uphizi ngaphambi kokutshala

Ukweluka kuhilela izindlela ezimbili, nokwehluka okuncane. Khetha okungcono kakhulu futhi okwamukelekayo kuwe.

Ungakanani u-peas ongaka ngaphambi kokutshala? Ukungena esitsheni

Hlela imbewu, igcwalise ngamanzi afudumele ukuze ambozwe ngokuphelele, kodwa kungabe kusaba khona.
Inqubo yokugcoba ihlala cishe amahora angama-6- 10.
Ukuchayeka ngokweqile kwezinto zokutshala kuyinto engathandeki: uma ama-bubble evela embewini, kusho ukuthi kwezinye zazo amahlumela afa.
Kungcono ukugcoba ebusuku, bese uqala ukutshala ekuseni.

Ungayilungiselela kanjani i-peas yokutshala ngokushesha nokufudumala ku-thermos

Ukushisa kufanele kube ngu-45 ° C. Gwalisa imbewu ku-thermos bese ubamba amahora amathathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, bagcwala amanzi futhi bavuvukala.

Ukugcoba i-peas ngaphambi kokutshala kusheshisa ukuhluma kwembewu ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Ukufaka isisombululo sendlela yokulungiselela ekhethekile enezinto eziphilayo (i-humate, epin) kuyasiza, kepha uma kungenjalo, amanzi ajwayelekile e-pea nawo anele.
Inqubo yokugcina kungukubulala magciwane: imizuzu engu-5-7, faka isisombululo se-boric acid (5 g wamanzi, 1 g).

Ungaluhluza kanjani uphizi lokutshala

Ukuhluma kwethanga akukanconywa ngokwezigaba; kufanele ungavumeli ukuhluma kwesihluma sethanga ngaphambi kokukutshala emhlabathini, ngoba izimpande ezintekenteke zizokonakala ngesikhathi sokutshala futhi ngeke kube nezithombo. Ngakho-ke, cwilisa imbewu isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora ayi-6- 10, bese uyitshala ngokushesha.

Uhlelo lokutshala uphizi emhlabathini ovulekile

Amaphethini wokufika owodwa

Ukutshala okulungile kwethanga endaweni evulekile nembewu esithombeni sentwasahlobo

Ngemuva kokuba umbhede ulungisiwe (inhlabathi isembiwe futhi yagcotshwa), ungaqala ukuhlwanyela. Yiliphi ibanga lapho ukutshala uphizi? Indlela yokutshala incike ohlotsheni lwesitshalo: phakathi kwemigqa igcina ibanga elingaba ngu-20 cm ukuthola ishelufu nama-30 cm ushukela. Ibanga elikhulu phakathi kwezitshalo ngazinye ngu-4-5 cm

Ezinhlotsheni ezinde, ukutshala imigqa emibili kusetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ukutshala kwe-pea emigqeni emibili yesithombe

Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lapho utshala peas ngokwesikimu:

Phakathi kwemigqa enamathela ebangeni elingama-20-30 cm, phakathi kwemigqa kugoba i-8-10 cm cm.
Ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezitshalo ngazinye ngu-4-5 cm.

Kuyadingeka ukusungula izisekelo embhedeni, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngazinye lingandiswa kancane. Njengoba kusekelwa, kusetshenziswa izikhonkwane zokhuni, izintambo zidonswa phakathi kwazo. I-Peas izobanamathela ngezinsizwa futhi ikhule kangcono.

Ukujula kokubekwa kwembewu kuncike ekubambeni kwenhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi ilula - Hlwanyela kuze kufike ku-5-6 cm, lapho uhlwanyela enhlabathini ebumba obumba, ujuliswe ngo-3-4 cm. Musa ukumba ngokujulile kuno-3 cm, ngoba izinyoni zingadonsa imbewu.

Ezinhlotsheni ezingaphansi (encanyana), kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluhlukile

Ungenza kanjani ukusekelwa kokukhula kwesithombe sethanga

Amapembe amdada atshalwa emibhedeni ngokusho kohlelo lwe-15x15 cm.Izinga lokubekwa kahle kwembewu lifinyelela ku-5-6 cm.Ububanzi bemibhede buyi-0.8-1.2 m, isikhala somugqa singama-70 cm.

Ukuhlwanyela kanjani

Ezimweni zombili, ukuhlwanyelwa uqobo kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo. Yenza ama-grooves ajule ngamasentimitha angama-5-6. Thela ngamanzi afudumele, ubeke imbewu ezansi, ufafaze ngenhlabathi ngaphezulu, ucwecwe kancane. Uma inhlabathi incishisiwe, gcwalisa inhlabathi ngemiganu yomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali.

Ngokushesha emva kokutshala, kungakuhle ukumboza nge-foil izinsuku eziningana ukuze ufudumele futhi inhlabathi.

Ukunakekelwa kwethanga kwangaphandle

Izithombe ezikhulayo ze-pea

Ukhula nokulima

Ukunakekela izilimo zepea kwehla ukhula kanye nokunisela ngesikhathi. Lapho izitshalo ezincane zikhula kancane (cishe amasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokuqhuma), khulula inhlabathi ngokucophelela bese ufeza i-hilling.

Ukunisela

I-pea ayikubekezeleli ukushisa nesomiso - ukuchelela kuzodinga inala. Ungavumeli ukugcotshwa kwamanzi (ukubola kwe-basal kungaqala), ngesilinganiso esanele sezulu, ukuthambisa akudingeki. Faka amalitha ayi-9- 10 wamanzi nge-1 m², ikakhulukazi lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ngenkathi kokuqhakaza nokuthelwa kwezithelo.

Ngemuva kwemvula nokunisela, kukhulula inhlabathi. Susa ukhula njalo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Uma unakekele inani lomsoco lomhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umanyolo ngesikhathi sokukhula awudingeki. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele kufakwe umanyolo oyimbumba wamaminerali lapho izithombo zikhula zide zifike ku-10 cm. Ungawuphinda uwondle ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali.

Ungajabulela izithelo ezinama-juicy emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Ukuvikela ukufikelwa yizinyoni, amboze ngenetha ngaphezulu.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Phakathi kwezifo, i-powdery isikhutha ingadala inkathazo. Isitshalo simbozwe ukuqhuma okumhlophe, isilinganiso sokukhula sincipha, okunciphisa kakhulu amathuba esivuno esihle. Ukuze ulwe, sebenzisa amalungiselelo emvelo: fafaza ukumanziswa kwenkhwekhasi yensimu (ama-300 g amaqabunga ngama-10 l amanzi, gcizelela amahora angama-8-10). Ngemuva kwesonto, phinda ukwelashwa.

Phakathi kwezinambuzane, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke inundu lamaqabunga noma isiqu sethanga. Amakhethini ubusika emhlabathini ovulekile, kanti entwasahlobo baphenduka abantu abadala, ababeka amaqanda ku-greenery. Kulezi, amacimbi avela futhi, adla amahlumela amancane, abangele ukulimala okukhulu emahlathini atshaliwe. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, kusetshenziselwa ukumba okujulile kwekwindla kwendawo. Hlwanyela kusenesikhathi. Izitshalo ezisencane kufanele zelatshwe ngokufakwa kukagwayi, umhlonyane, amaqabunga e-celandine, iziqongo zamatamatisi noma izimpande ze-burdock.

Ukuvuna

Ukuvunwa kwethanga kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kanye nokuqala kukaJulayi. Yisebenzise kaninginingi, lapho izithelo zivuthwa. Hlikihla imidumba ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi iziqu.

Izinhlobo ze-Shelling (ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza peas eluhlaza) ziyavunwa njengoba kusakhiwa amaqabunga aluhlaza agqamile bese okusanhlamvu kufinyelela ubukhulu bawo obukhulu.

Ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo zoshukela kuqala lapho ziba inyama, ziluhlaza, zibe namanzi futhi zithambe, ngembewu engakhuli kahle. Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 m² cishe 1.5 kg.

Ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo, uphizi kufanele uvunwe nsuku zonke, usike ezifanele kunazo zonke. Susa imidumba eyomile futhi evulekile ukuze ingathathi amandla wesitshalo futhi ingavimbeli ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqhubu amancane.

Ukuvunwa okugcwele kwenziwa lapho amabamba aphansi avuthiwe futhi omile. Sika izitshalo, ugobe futhi ulengise egumbini elimnyama, elomile elinegemuva elihle. Qoqa futhi ugcine ubhontshisi ovuthiwe esitsheni sengilazi esidonsa umoya.