Izimbali ze-Hibiscus: ukukhula, ukunakekelwa kanye nesithombe

IHibiscus yisigaba sezitshalo eqenjini leMalvaceae. Njengomthetho, lezi zingatshalwa izihlahla zasendle nezihlahlana, kepha izimbali ezintethe utshani nazo zingatholakala. Ezimweni sezulu ezibandayo lukhula ngobunzima, ngakho-ke, i-hibiscus ivame ukuvuthwa kakhulu njengezimbali zasendlini, bese ehlobo iyiswa e-veranda noma kwi-loggia. Ezimweni sezulu ezipholile, lezi zimbali zingatholakala emhlabathini ovulekile.

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-hibiscus yiChina ne-Asia yasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ingatholakala nase-Afrika, e-USA, e-Australia. Futhi eHawaii, kuyimbali yezwe.

Izimbali ze-Hibiscus: isithombe nencazelo

Njengomthetho, i-hibiscus iyinqumo, Izihlahla ezincane ezihlala ziluhlaza noma izihlahla zinobukhulu obungu-2,5-,5,5 m. Isiqu salesi sitshalo asinalutho, amaqabunga asezithombeni. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu anemibala emihle enobukhulu obungu-6-32 cm.I-gamut yezimbali ze-hibiscus ihluke kakhulu. Izithelo amabhokisi amancane aqhekeka amaqabunga ama-5. Ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu ye-fleecy noma i-fibrous, kepha kwezinye izinhlobo imbewu ingavulwa ngokuphelele.

IHibiscus inesikhathi sokuphila esingaba iminyaka engama-22. Uma uhlela ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-hibiscus futhi ukwenze kube yizo zonke izimo, lesi sitshalo singakhula sibe ngamamitha ayi-3. Namuhla kunezimbali zasengadini nezangaphakathi ze-hibiscus, sezizonke, ezinabalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-300.

Isihlahla hibiscus

Abalimi abaningi bathanda lolu hlobo lwesitshalo olukhulu (cishe ama-11 cm.) Izimbali ezinemibala futhi bazisebenzisa ngempumelelo njengocingo oluphilayo, ngenkathi behlobisa iziza zabo. Ukunisela okuhle nenhlabathi evundile kubaluleke kakhulu ku-hibiscus. Amaqabunga amise okwamaqanda, nobukhazikhazi bezimbali ezingafani nezinye kuzonikeza lesi sitshalo ukuhluma okuhle.

I-Swamp Hibiscus

Isitshalo esinezimbali ezinkulu eziqhakazile, ezihlotshiswe ngamabala e-carmine eduze ne-corolla. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kuqhakaza unyaka. Izakhamizi zasehlobo zithanda ukutshala lesi sitshalo njenge uthango.

Ama-hibiscus ekunakekelweni awathobeki nakancane, izimbali zawo zisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa nokwelapha.

Ethandwa kakhulu engadini yasekhaya hibiscus Chinese. Inamaqabunga amakhulu e-oval ngokuhlelwa kweserya. I-Hibiscus blooms isikhathi eside kunalokho: kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Izimbali ezinkulu ezikhanyayo azidluli izinsuku. Umbala, njengomthetho, ubomvu okhanyayo, kepha ezitolo ungathola izinhlobo ezihluke kakhulu zemibala ye-terry nemibala elula ngombala omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-nsomi.

IHibiscus iyi-asthmatous. Le nhlobo e-herbaceous ye-hibiscus ikhula kuphela eningizimu. Amacembe esitshalo abukeka njengophulilanga. Izimbali ezinkulu ezifakwe obomvu emqaleni, azivulwanga ngokuphelele futhi ziyaqhakaza ngolunye usuku.

I-Terry hibiscus. Isitshalo sinezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe cishe ngo-14 cm ngosayizi eziqhakaza ngosuku olulodwa. Le mbali ehlala inamaqabunga aluhlaza egqamile ibukeka kahle futhi iyabukeka. Uthanda ukuthambisa okuhle nokukhanya okukhanyayo.

I-hibiscus kathathu. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke esitshalwa kusetshenziswa izithombo. Ihluka ngokuthi izimbali zayo ezinoshukela zivula ngo-7 ekuseni bese zivala ngo-20.

IHibiscus iyashintsha. Ihluka ngokuthi izimbali zayo ezinhle ziyefana nama-rose petals futhi phakathi kokushintsha kombala kusuka kokumhlophe kuya okusajingijolo, ekugcineni kokuqhakaza. Ekuphakameni kungaba phezulu ku-4.5 m.

I-Okra nayo ikhule kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Le imbali yonyaka, engafinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-3. Izimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi noma ezimpunga zisezithebeni futhi, lapho ziqhakaza, zenze amajikijolo afana ne-isitshalo seqanda noma i-asparagus ukunambitha.

I-Hibiscus

Lesi sitshalo esiqinile esinamandla futhi asifuneki kakhulu ekukhuleni ekhaya. Ikhula ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, inezimbali eziningi, kwenzeka ukuthi ziyaqhakaza ngisho nasebusika. Into ebaluleke kakhulu edingekayo i-hibiscus ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo, ukuthambisa okungapheli nokufafaza izimbali.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyibeka endaweni evikelwe umoya, kodwa ikhanya ngokucophelela. Ngezikhathi ezithile zidinga isiheho: phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhula, cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-14, kufakwa umanyolo wamaminerali emanzini wokunisela. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanye nokufakelwa, imbali iyathenwa, lokhu kusiza ekutshaleni isitshalo.

Ukukhanyisa nokunisela

IHibiscus isitshalo esingaphakathi endlini okufanele siphalazwe njalo siphuziswe. Ehlobo, unga kabili ngosuku, futhi intwasahlobo yanele kanye. Ebusika, njengomthetho, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula baphuziswa kakhulu. Umhlaba ubophezelwa njalo ukuba umswakama futhi ube nokukhululeka. Nisela i-hibiscus ngokukhethekile ngamanzi athambile futhi axazululiwe.

Isitshalo sincamela ukukhanya kwemvelo. Ehlobo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyibeka ekhondweni elisempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Uma amafasitela asohlangothini oluseningizimu, kungcono ukubeka i-hibiscus kude nefasitela noma uvikele isitshalo elangeni eliqondile, usimboze ngendwangu. Isimo sezulu esifudumele, i-hibiscus ingadalulwa ngaphandle, kepha udinga ukuyivikela emoyeni nasekukhanyiseni kwelanga ngokuqondile.

Ukushisa

Amazinga okushisa afaneleka kakhulu we-hibiscus ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo ngu-17- 24 C. Ngokuvamile yisitshalo esibekezelela umthunzi, kepha asiqhakaze emthunzini ngenkuthalo. Ngesikhathi sasebusika ungavumeli ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwe-12 Cuma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo sizophonsa amaqabunga awo.

Ama-buds we-inflorescence wesitshalo abekwa kuma-13-18 degrees. Ekuqaleni kobusika, ngokuqala kwenkathi yokushisa, imbali isethwe endaweni emnyama, kude nokushisa, lapha i-hibiscus itholakala kuze kube uMashi. Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamaqabunga, ngisho nangaphambi kokwakhiwa kwamahlamvu, isitshalo sihlelwe kabusha.

Umswakama

Kulokhu, i-hibiscus ayibekezeleleki, kepha kungakuhle ukuyifafaza ngezikhathi ezithile. Isitshalo esinezimbali sifafazwa ngamanzi okuxazulula okushisa kwegumbi. I-Hibiscus sishaye nayo iyindlela enhle yokuvimbela imikhaza.

Umhlaba wokukhula

Umhlabathi we-hibiscus kumele uphefumule, ukhululwe ngokuphelele, ebhodweni, ngokuqinisekile kufanele wenze i-drainage. Njengomthetho, inhlabathi iqukethe i-turf, iqabunga, umhlaba ohlanganayo, i-peat, umquba, isihlabathi, inani elincane lamalahle. Umswakama womhlaba kumele kungathathi hlangothi: pH 6.5-7.5. Uma i-acidity yomhlaba isebangeni elihlukile, kunzima ngokwengeziwe i-hibiscus ukumunca izakhamzimba.

Umanyolo nethiyithi

Ukudla okuqukethe amaminerali ne-nitrogen kuvusa izimbali ezinde zesitshalo, ngakho-ke kusebenza kakhulu ehlobo nasentwasahlobo. Izimbali zondliwa ngezikhathi ezithile kanye ngenyanga ngamanyolo angaxubeki amanzi aqukethe ithusi, i-iron, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-manganese, i-nitrogen, i-magnesium, njll.

Entwasahlobo, kuyalulekwa ukondla ngezithasiselo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, ehlobo - phosphorus ne-potassium. Izithasiselo eziyinkimbinkimbi efanelekile "Imvula" noma "Okufanele".

Ukufakelwa

Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukushintshwa minyaka yonke ngamabhodwe amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Kudluliselwa kuze kube usayizi webhodwe cishe ngu-35 cm.

Ukuhamba kwezimbali zabantu abadala ezitsheni ezinkulu njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4. Uma ubuthi bomhlaba bujwayelekile futhi azikho izinambuzane eziyingozi, lapho-ke i-hibiscus ingashiywa esitsheni sinye, ithathe indawo yangaphezulu (engaba ngu-6 cm) entsha. Entwasahlobo, ungagawula ukukhula kwesitshalo ngo-1/3 wobude ukwakha isihlahla. Ukuthena kwaminyaka yonke kusebenze izimbali.

Ukuzala

Lesi sitshalo sisakazeka ngosizo lwembewu, ukugoba komoya noma ukusikwa. Izilimo zigawulwa ehlobo kusuka ezinhlokweni zokukhula okuncane. Le mbali, okusatshalaliswa ukusikwa, izimpande ngokuphelele ngenyanga noma emanzini, noma ezimbizeni ezimbozwe ngembiza. Lapho izimpande sezakhiwe, lesi sitshalo sitshalwa emgqonyeni ngesilinganiso esingamasentimitha ayi-10. Ukwenza imbali ibe nangamagatsha amaningi, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, nciza umqhele namagatsha aseceleni kwesiqu. Izisiki nazo zingafakelwa. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Imvamisa, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, amahlumela amancane aqhakaza isizini yokuqala.

Imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini kusukela kwaphela ubusika. Inhlabathi kumele ifudunyezwe (24-28 gr.), Futhi kungakuhle ukuthi ifakwe imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala usuku olulodwa. Lapho iqabunga lesithathu lakha isithombo, imbali ingahanjiswa ezimbizeni. Amahlumela aqala ukuqhakaza ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa.

Ingadi yeHibiscus

Ukutshala isitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile kuyenzeka, kepha ezindaweni eziseningizimu i-hibiscus ikhula ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okuningi, kepha ezindaweni ezisenyakatho idinga ukunakekelwa.

IHibiscus aphuzi ilungele ukutshala kwangaphandle, izitshalo ziqala ukuqhakaza kusuka maphakathi nehlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Lezi zitshalo zinemibala ehlukahlukene, ziboleka ngokuphelele ekubumbeni.

Izinhlobo zemvelo ezingamelana neqhwa (ngokwesibonelo, i-hibiscus hybrid) zikhule ezivandeni zethu. Umuthi wokuvikela izimpande kusuka kwisithwathwa nakukomile, semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ngamahlamvu noma utshani obomile. Ebusika, isitshalo ngokuqinisekile ivaliwe. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, amagatsha amadala ayathenwa, bese amahlumela asekhulile akha umqhele ovuthwe ngaphezulu.

Izeluleko Zengadi

Ukunakekelwa kwegumbi leHibiscus inezici ezithile:

• Abalimi abanolwazi baluleke ukondla lesi sitshalo isixazululo sikashukela (ushukela ongu-0.5 tsp ngekomishi lamanzi ngalinye).
• Ungahlehlisa isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesihlahla, bese i-hibiscus iqhakaza ekwindla noma ebusika. Kungani udinga "ukuguqula" isikhathi sokuphumula: kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, setha imbali endaweni emnyama bese uyinisela ngokweqile, bese uyihlaba uyiphinde uyiphinde uyithathe phakathi nehlobo.
• Kungcono ukuthenga isitshalo ezitolo ezikhethekile entwasahlobo. Thatha imbali encane enamahlamvu amaningi.
• Lapho wehlisa isiqandisi, ungahlala uthola okungenani isipuni esisodwa segazi enyameni. Igazi lingabuye lisebenzise ukondla i-hibiscus ngokuyixuba namanzi okunisela: imbali ithanda izakhamzimba ezitholakala egazini.

Ubusika

Ebusika, imbali idinga ukuhlela ukukhanya okuhle nsuku zonke okungenani amahora angu-8, ungafaka izibani ze-fluorescent ngokuzifaka ebangeni eli-0,5 m ukusuka esitshalweni. Uma kunokukhanya okuncane, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kabi noma asiqhakaze ngokuphelele. Ebusika, isiheho senziwa kaningi, kepha kucatshangelwa isimo sembali (cishe kanye ngenyanga ngethamo elilodwa le-potassium ne-phosphorus additives) noma lapho i-hibiscus isesimweni esibandayo futhi esicishe some, i-bait iyamiswa ngokuphelele. Faka isiheho ngemuva kokunisela. Izinga lokushisa elilungile ebusika yi-15-17 gr.

Sebenzisa

Izici eziwusizo ze-hibiscus:

• isitshalo sinezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokuphatheka kakhulu, sisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izilonda ezikhalela;
• imbali inothile ngezinto eziwusizo: ama-phytosterols, ama-flavonoid, ama-anthocyanins, ama-pectins (anciphisa inani le-cholesterol, qinisa imithambo yegazi).

Izici zokuphilisa ze-karkade:

• inomphumela we-antispasmodic;
• Kwejwayelekile ukucindezela;
• ukulwa ngezifo ezahlukahlukene;
• kwandisa ukungatheleleki, kuhlanza umzimba, kuvikele isibindi, kusebenze ukwakheka kwe-bile;
• inomphumela wokuyenga;
• kuphephile kubantu abanesifo sezinso;
• itiye liqeda ngokuphelele ukoma;
• ukudla isikhathi eside kusiza ukungazali inzalo;
• isiza nge-hangover;
• isetshenziswa njenge-laxative emnene;
• Kuhle ngokuncipha kwesisindo.

Naphezu kokuzuzwa okukhulu kwembali, kukhona ukuphambana ukuyisebenzisa:

• imbali inomphumela oqinile we-choleretic, ngakho-ke akukalulekanga ukuthi abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona gallbladder bayisebenzise;
• udinga ukucabanga ngobungozi bokungezwani komzimba;
• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, akunqweneleki ukusebenzisa kabi i-hibiscus, ngoba izinto ezisebenzayo zmbali zenza kusebenze isibeletho, zivuse ukuya esikhathini;
• izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ubudala zifakwe ku-hibiscus;
• ngokuqapha kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-hibiscus for ulcers (kuyalulekwa ukubonana nodokotela).

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo okufanele kuzokwenza ukuthi kwenzeke yakha umuthi omuhle. Ukulandela wonke amathiphu, ungakhula ube imbali enhle ngokubabazekayo yegumbi lokuhlala elikhulu noma ihholo, futhi isitshalo esincane sezimbali esihlobisa kahle sizoba umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu weholide.