Amagilebhisi angenye yamasiko ayekade ethathwa njengaseningizimu kuphela. Kepha manje selitshalwa ngempumelelo hhayi eningizimu kuphela, kepha nasezifundeni ezipholile. Kepha eningizimu nasenkabeni yeRussia, lapho sekutshalwe khona amagilebhisi, abalimi bayabona, empeleni, izinkinga ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi ukuthululwa kwesibeletho. Sizokhuluma ngezimbangela zale nto engathandeki kakhulu nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukuchithela i-ovary kumagilebhisi noma kumise lo mkhuba.
Amagilebhisi achitha ama-ovaries awo ngenxa yezizathu eziningi.
Ukulahla okwemvelo kwamaqanda kumagilebhisi
Ngakho-ke, i-ovary kumagilebhisi kwesinye isikhathi iyabuna, okuyinto engemihle kakhulu ekuvuneni. Kukhona ukuthululwa okukhulu kwe-ovary kumagilebhisi, imvamisa kungakapheli isonto kuqedwe ukuqhakaza kwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwesinye isikhathi i-ovary ikwazi ukukhulisa inani elilingana namamilimitha amathathu noma amahlanu. Imvamisa, umuntu angabona ukuthululwa kwezimbali ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kwakheke ama-ovary noma efihlekile.
Ukuchithwa okuvame kakhulu kwe-ovary, ama-buds noma izimbali akuyona inhlekelele: zombili ama-ovary nezimbali kanye nezimbali kuboniswa ngamanani amancane, futhi lokhu kuyinqubo yemvelo yokulawula umthwalo ngesilimo, esisetshenziselwa isitshalo uqobo. Kalula nje, isitshalo samagilebhisi sibala ukuthi mangakhi amajikijolo angavuthwa ngaphandle kokulimaza, ashiye leli nani, alahle amaqanda asele, izimbali, noma ngisho namahlumela. Lokhu kuwa kwe-ovary kuyabonakala kuwo wonke amasiko futhi kuyabonakala kakhulu ezitshalweni zezithelo, ngokwesibonelo, esihlahleni sama-apula.
Kepha kwesinye isikhathi i-ovary iwa ngempela ngesamba esithile, khona-ke ungakhalisa i-alamu bese ubeka isitshalo singalawuleki kahle. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuwohloka kwesisindo se-ovary kumagilebhisi.
Ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo ekwakhekeni kwembali
Ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo kokumiswa kwembali yamagilebhisi kuvela ngezizathu eziningi. Imvamisa lezi yizifo ezibangelwa yigciwane ezephula uhlelo lwamathambo wesitshalo, kepha kungahle kube nokuphazamiseka ekwakhiweni kwezinso zomuntu ngamunye. Endabeni yokutheleleka ngegciwane, izakhi zomzimba ngokuvamile ngeke zijikeleze isitshalo, ukwakheka kwezimbali, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izimbali, ziyaphazamiseka.
Izimbali eziqhakaza zingabukeka kabi, futhi izitho zazo, ezihlose ukwenziwa impova noma umbono wepoleni, zingakwazi ukwenza noma zithambekele ekuthini impova ibe buthaka. Kulokhu, kungahle kube nokuntuleka okuphelele kokucolisa nokujikijela kwamahlamvu noma izimbali ngesitshalo sezithelo zomvini, kanye nokubeka amajikijolo, kepha kungenakwenzeka ukukhula kwawo okuqhubekayo kanye nokulahlwa kwamaqanda.
Ngeshwa, kunzima kakhulu ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane amagilebhisi, kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukwenza, futhi abalimi bakhetha ukumane banciphise izitshalo bazisuse esizeni. Ngendlela, uma isitshalo samagilebhisi sithintekile ngempela yileli gciwane, khona-ke ngemuva kokususa endaweni leyo endaweni efanayo, kungakuhle ukuthi singakhuli amagilebhisi, ngoba ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungaba semhlabathini isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kube yiminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Kunezifo eziningi zamagciwane zamagilebhisi, zingaba ngamafushane-ifindo, i-mosaic ephuzi, igciwane le-fur furrow, igciwane leqabunga elibomvu kanye negciwane leqabunga leqabunga. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kugula kwegciwane kungadala izimbali zokuwa kanye nama-elemu zombili, futhi ukuwa kwama-ovaries futhi kuholele ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungenye yezizathu zokulahla i-ovary ngamagilebhisi.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ngaphezu kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izitshalo zamagilebhisi zingalimala izinambuzane futhi zihlaselwe izifo ezelaphekayo. Ngokulwa nezinambuzane, basebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezivunyelwe esikhathini samanje, balandela ngokuqinile imiyalo esephaketheni. Ngokumelana nezifo, ama-fungicides asetshenziswa futhi, avunyelwe futhi esikhathini samanje futhi ahlala elandela ngokuqinile imiyalo esephaketheni. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngezingubo zokuzivikela, futhi kwenziwe kusihlwa, ukuze kungabikhona ukuvutha emapuletini amaqabunga.
Kulezi zifo ezise kumagilebhisi, zivame ukutholakala: amabala ahlukahlukene eqabunga, i-oidium, i-powdery isikhutha kanye nokubola okungwevu. Noma yiziphi zalezi zifo zingadala ukuthi ama-ovari awele ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla kwezitshalo nokungasebenzi kahle kwezicubu ezithweni.
Kwezinambuzane ezomvini zivame kakhulu ukubonwa: imikhaza ehlukahlukene, amaqabunga ezinhlamvu ezinhlamvu, iminyundu yezinsundu kanye nezinti zemabula. Zonke lezi zinambuzane zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni zamagilebhisi, ziphazamise izinqubo ze-metabolic, zibangele ukukhipha amaqanda.
Ubuningi baphezulu kwesihlahla bukhula bukhuthele kakhulu kulimaza isivuno
Lokhu kungabonakala lapho kunomswakama omningi kanye nokudla okunempilo emhlabathini, futhi inkathi ibonakala ngokufudumala okulinganiselayo kanye nemvula ngokweqile. Imvamisa, ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, izitshalo zamagilebhisi ezincane ezingavuna izilimo ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha zisebenzisa amandla ekwakhekeni kwesisindo semifino.
Uma kunjalo, isizini eyodwa ingaba nesineke futhi ingathathi ezinye izinyathelo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, njengomthetho, izitshalo zamagilebhisi zinikeza isivuno esihle.
Ukupholisa okubuthakathaka, ukuntuleka impova
Ukuze uhlinzeke izitshalo zamagilebhisi impova eyanele, abatshali abanolwazi, ngokungafani nombono ojwayelekile kanye neseluleko, ungalokothi ususe iziqu ezengeziwe ngokunembile ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Indlela enjalo elula izonikeza izitshalo zamagilebhisi impova eyanele, futhi izimbali ngeke ziwe. Kungemva kokuba izitshalo ziqhume nje futhi amaqanda eseluqalile ukwakha, lapho ezinye ezingaphezulu zingasuswa, zinikeze izintandokazi kulawo maqoqo anamaqanda akhule kahle.
Ukuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini
Ukusilela komswakama enhlabathini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukwakheka kwe-ovary nokukhula kwayo, kucishe kube yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi ama-ovary azokhuphuka nakanjani, kwesinye isikhathi ngesilinganiso esibaluleke kakhulu - aze afike kuma-80% ayo yonke i-ovary esitshalweni. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, amagilebhisi kufanele ayophuziswa. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngamanzi okushisa egumbi futhi wenze ukuthambisa kusihlwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, akukhuthazwa ukuthi unisele amagilebhisi ngokufafaza, ngoba ukuthambisa okunjalo kungaphazamisa inqubo yokufakwa komanyolo, kodwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali nangaphambi kokuqhakaza, ungathela izitshalo zombili ngaphansi kwempande nokufafaza.
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume amagilebhisi, umswakama wenhlabathi ungagcinwa ngezinga lama-50-60%, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nasemuva kwawo, lapho isiziba sekwakhiwa futhi sikhula, kufiseleka ukuthi kulondolozwe umswakama wenhlabathi ngo-65-70%, bese ukuchitheka kwe-ovary kube kuncane.
Beka ukunisela lapho ukhula zomvini.
Ukuntuleka komsoco emhlabathini
Uma kunokuntuleka kwento eyodwa noma enye ingxenye noma iqembu lezakhi enhlabathini, amagilebhisi nawo angalahla iningi lama-ovary noma, uma isimo sibucayi ngempela, khona-ke ama-ovary angabuna ngokuphelele.
Ukuze ugweme lesi simo, kufanele wazi ukwakheka kwenhlabathi lapho kulinywa khona amagilebhisi. Kungakuhle unikeze inhlabathi ukuze ihlaziywe elabhorethri kanye ngonyaka ukuze uthole ukwakheka kwayo futhi uqonde ukuthi isiphi isici esiningi futhi yiziphi izakhi ezinganele ngokwanele, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, thatha isinqumo sokwethula le nto noma leyo nhlabathi.
Uma sikhuluma ngomanyolo ojwayelekile wezithelo zomvini ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwezinto, khona-ke kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise lomanyolo esikhathini sentwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli), ngesikhathi sezimbali, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, futhi nangesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwe-ovary yamagilebhisi.
Entwasahlobo, ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye sezithelo zomvini, ungangeza ikhilogremu womquba obunjiwe kahle noma womquba, owohlisa emhlabathini owawukhululiwe futhi wawunamanzi ngaphambili. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izitshalo zingafakwa umanyolo nge-nitroammophos, uyifaka ngesimo esincibilikisiwe emanzini (15 g ngebhakede lamanzi, isitshalo ngasinye).
Masinyane ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali nangesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwama-ovari wezithelo zomvini, ungangeza i-potassium sulfate kwifomu elincibilikisiwe (10 g ngebhakede lamanzi elilodwa ngesikhathi, into evamile kwisitshalo esisodwa) ne-superphosphate esefomeni eyomile emhlabathini owathukululwa nowamanzi ngaphambili (12 g ngaphansi sonke isitshalo).
Uma ama-ovaries amagilebhisi ephuhla, ukugcotshwa kwamafutha aphezulu kungenziwa ngokuqedwa kwe-15 g ye-nitroammophoska ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi welaphe izitshalo ezivela ku-sprayer, kumanzise yonke inqwaba yezindiza kahle. Futhi kuleli cala, ungaphatha izitshalo ngesixazululo samanzi esiqukethe i-boron ne-zinc.
Umanyolo owengeziwe
Imvamisa yi-nitrogen eyedlulele engathinta kabi ama-ovari amagilebhisi futhi ibenze bathulule. Uma ubona ukuthi amagilebhisi akhula ngenkuthalo, akha inqwaba yezimila ezinamahlamvu, amaqabunga amakhulu nakho konke lokhu okuphikisana nesizinda sokuthi lesi sitshalo sineminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu ubudala, khona-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi kune-nitrogen eningi emhlabathini.
Ngokudlulela okuqinile kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini, amaqabunga amagilebhisi athola umbala omnyama oluhlaza futhi amathiphu awo angaqala ukuncipha. Ukuxazulula le nkinga kunzima impela. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuzama ukuzama ukuguqula i-nitrogen ethe xaxa emhlabathini ngokunisela okuthe xaxa noma ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwanoma yikuphi umanyolo we-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium.
Izici zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene
Kunezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezivame ukutholakala kokuchitha ama-ovari, kwesinye isikhathi ngamanani amakhulu. Ngokunikezwe lokhu, ukuze ungathathi izinyathelo ezingadingeki ngokuphelele ngokuzayo, kufanele uthole ukuthi kule ndawo enkulisa lapho uzothola khona izithombo zomvini ngezici zezinhlobonhlobo ozithengayo.
Uma kwenzeka izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi owazithengile zibonakala ngokuchitheka okuphambili kwe-ovary, kuyadingeka ukuphina izingqimba zazo zonke amahlumela ezithelo. Lokhu kusebenza okuluhlaza okulula kuzothuthukisa ukuphuma kwezakhi ezikhuculweni, kunciphise ukuchitheka kwabo, futhi kufake isandla ekwakhiweni kwamajikijolo amakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezivame ukusetshenziswa kokuchitha esibelethweni.
Okubandayo nokumanzi noma kwesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile
Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo nesinomswakama, kanye nesimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu nesomile, ukuntuleka kwempova, ukubonakala kokuwohloka kwephistil noma ukungagonywa kokugonyelwa kungabonakala. Kulokhu, ukuthululwa kwezimbali zomvini kuvame ukubonwa, kepha ukuphalaza esibelethweni nakho kungabonakala.
Ukuze wandise impova sezulu esibandayo nesinomswakama, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imivini ingena kahle emoyeni. Qiniseka ukuthi unciphisela imivini ngezikhathi ezithile, usike amahlumela angeziwe, kanye nesisindo esiluhlaza esikhulayo futhi namaqabunga amboza izimbali.
Ukuze ukwandise ukuthambekela kwezihlakala zempova yepistil zombili esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo, futhi esimweni sezulu esibandayo nesinemvula kubalulekile ukufafaza izitshalo ngesixazululo se-boric acid. Kumakha amagilebhisi, isixazululo silungiselelwe kanjena: kufanele uthathe isipuni se-urea, isipuni se-boric acid, isipuni se-iron sulfate nengxenye yesithathu yethisipuni le-citric acid bese uqibilika kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Ukuze ungazibangeli izinkinga ngokuchithwa kwezithako, okokuqala yi-citric acid edinga ukuncibilika emanzini, bese kuba nezinye izinto. Okokuqala, kuyathandeka ukuncibilikisa i-boric acid ku-200 amagremu wamanzi afudumele, bese uthelela leli nani le-liquid esitsheni esijwayelekile. Ngokwakheka okuvela, udinga ukugcwalisa isifutho bese ufafaza izimbali, uzithambisa kahle.
Uma kungenzeki ukufafaza izitshalo ngesakhiwo esinjalo, khona-ke ungafaka izakhi zomvini ngokwenziwe. Impova yokufakelwa izosebenza kakhulu uma yenziwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ungahlobisa izitshalo ngegloves phansi, uthinte kancane imbali ngayinye.
Isiphetho Sichaze isibalo esiphezulu sezimbangela zokuchitheka kwe-ovary kumagilebhisi, uma wazi nangezinye izizathu, bese sizichaza kumazwana, lokhu kuzoba wusizo kubo bonke abafundi.
