Kamalibhele

I-mulberry (Morus), obizwa nangokuthi isihlahla kamalibhele, noma umuthi kamalibhele, isihlahla esiqabulayo solo luhlobo lomndeni kaMulberry. Ngokusho kwemininingwane ethathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-17- 24. Lezi zitshalo ezikhona ngokwemvelo zingatholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu ezifudumele futhi ezingaphansi kwe-Afrika, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zifaka i-mulberry emhlophe, ukudla kwezibungu zesilika, amaqabunga ayo, ama-pupae awo asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza usilika wemvelo. Ngaphansi kuka-Ivan the Terrible, iRussia yayivele yazi ngo-kamalibhele, ngaleso sikhathi kwakhiwa ifektri yokuluka kasilika lapho kwenziwa khona indwangu ebushelelezi yenkantolo yasebukhosini. Futhi, uPeter ngakwenqabela ukusika ama-mulberry endaweni kahulumeni, ngoba kwakuthathwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukhuni olugqinsiwe nolusindayo futhi olusindayo lubaluleke kakhulu; eCentral Asia isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezandla ezahlukahlukene, izinsimbi zomculo nemigqomo.

Izici Zoku Kamalibhele

Ngenkathi umalibhele esemncane, ubonakala ngokukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uye uncipha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinjalo akudluli amamitha ayi-15. Ngokuvamile amaqabunga amaqabunga alula ayalayishwa, ahlelwe njalo futhi afakwe emaphethelweni. Ama-spike inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezincane, ezingabesifazane noma abesilisa (dioecious). Kodwa-ke, kukhona ama-mululosi anjalo lapho izimbali zesifazane nezowesilisa zingavulwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ubude bezithelo zikamumbhele ezinamanzi zisuka ku-20 ziye ku-30 ​​mm, zingamajikijolo angamanga, noma kunalokho, zihlanganiswe zibe munye ne-drupes yombala ohlukile (kusuka onsomi omnyama, cishe omnyama, omhlophe). Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa ngokuzithoba kwawo, siyakwazi ukukhula nokukhula ngendlela ejwayelekile, noma ngabe ungasinakekeli nhlobo. Umuthi kamalibhele uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kwesitshalo esinjalo singaba yiminyaka engamakhulu amabili, namuhla kunesampula okungenani iminyaka engama-500.

Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yilezi zinhlobo ezi-2 zezihlahla zikamalibhele - ezimnyama nezimhlophe, kanti ziyahluka ngombala wamagxolo, hhayi izithelo. Esihlahleni kamalibhele, amagxolo amhlophe emagatsheni apendwe ngombala okhanyayo (ukhilimu, ophuzi noma omhlophe), kanti amagatsha kamalibhele amnyama ambozwe ngegxolo elimnyama. Kuze kube manje, lesi sitshalo sidlangile emasikweni njengezinye izihlahla zezithelo, ngokwesibonelo: i-cherry, iplamu, isihlahla sama-apula, i-cherry, njll.

Ukutshala kamalibhele emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokutshala

Ungatshala kamalibhele enhlabathini evulekile entwasahlobo ngo-Ephreli ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza, noma ekwindla ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba, kepha udinga ukuwabamba ngaphambi kwenkathi yemvula. Abalimi abaningi batusa ukuthi bakhethe ukutshala ekwindla, njengoba kukholakala ukuthi uma umuthi usinda ezinyangeni zobusika, lapho-ke kulindeleke ukuba uphile iminyaka eminingi.

Zama ukukhetha indawo efaneleke kakhulu yalesi sitshalo engadini. Umuthi kamalibhele uthande izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile emimoyeni ebandayo. Imilibhele ayikwazi ukutshalwa endaweni enamanzi, enesihlabathi noma enosawoti, kanye namanzi asepulazini kuleso sakhiwo kufanele alale ngaphansi kwama-cm angaba ngu-150. Izitshalo izimbali ezingamadoda kuphela ezingakwazi ukuthela izithelo ngokwazo, kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi zithole ubulili besithombo kuphela ngemuva uzoba neminyaka emi-4 noma emihlanu. Kulokhu, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuthenga izithombo ezineminyaka emithathu ezinikeze inzalo yokuqala.

Ukutshala kamalibhele ekwindla

Umgodi wokutshala kufanele ulungiswe okungenani ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala, inani lakhona liqonde ngqo ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimpande kufanele zibekwe emgodini ngokukhululeka. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bomgodi bungama-0.5x0.5x0.5 m. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi esakhiweni imbi, khona-ke ukujula komgodi kuyakhuphuka, ngoba umquba womquba noma umjikelezo ogcwele ngenhla yamakhilogremu angama-5-7 uzothululelwa ngaphansi kwawo, lapho 100 gram superphosphate. Lo ungqimba kufanele ufafazwe ngenhlabathi, ngoba akufanele uhlangane nohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo. Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga ngemuva kokulungiselela umgodi, udinga ukuqhubeka nokutshala ngokushesha kamalibhele. Uhlelo lwezimpande zezithombo kufanele lubekwe emgodini, ngemuva kokuba luqondisiwe, lubunjiwe, futhi isiqu kufanele sinyakaziswe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nezimpawu eziningi emhlabathini. Lapho isitshalo sesitshaliwe, inhlabathi eyisiyingi esiseduze kwesiqu kufanele inyathelwe, khona-ke amalitha amanzi angama-20 athululelwa ngaphansi kwawo. Lapho uketshezi selungeniswe ngokuphelele enhlabathini, ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu kufanele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch. Ukuze kube yisithombo esincane futhi esibuthakathaka, udinga ukuxhaswa, okuqhutshwa enkabeni yaphansi komgodi ngaphambi kokutshala. Lapho isihlahla kamalibhele sitsaliwe, kufanele siboshwe kulokhu kusekelwa. Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni ingubumba futhi isindayo, khona-ke phansi komgodi, kubalulekile ukwenza ungqimba lwedamu lesitini ephukile.

Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo

Ukutshala ama-mulberry emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla nasentwasahlobo kucishe kufane. Umehluko ukuthi ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, umgodi ulungiswa ekwindla, kuyilapho ingxube yezakhi edingekayo ithululelwa kuwo. Ukufakelwa kwempahla kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kumele kuqedwe ngo-Ephreli.

Ukutshala kamalibhele engadini

Ukuze unakekele kamalibhele otshaliwe engadini, udinga okufanayo ncamashi nezinye izitshalo. Kufanele iniselwe ngendlela yesikhathi, ukhula, usike, udle, uqalise kusuka kwizinambuzane nezifo, futhi ukhulule nengxenye yombuthano wesiqu.

Iyacubungula

Ukuze wehlise kakhulu ingozi yokulimala kwesihlahla ngezifo noma izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukwenza izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela izifo, kuyilapho kungezona kuphela isitshalo uqobo, kodwa futhi nengaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu kufanele kufafazwe. Ezokwelapha sebenzisa ama-insecticides nama-fungicides. Ukufafaza okunjalo kunconyelwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli ukuthola ama-buds okulala, kanye no-Okthoba, lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhula. Isixazululo seNitrafen noma i-Bordeaux ingxube (3%) sizokusiza ukwazi ukubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ngentwasahlobo, kunconyelwa ukufafaza lesi sihlahla ngesisombululo se-urea (7%), okuzoqothula zonke izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezihlaselayo, futhi kuzoba ngumthombo we-nitrogen yesitshalo, esidinga kakhulu ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula.

Ukunisela Kamalibhele

Ukuze wenze umuthi kamalibhele uvikeleke kakhulu ebusika, kumele uyophuziswa njalo kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya kuJulayi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima. Kusukela ngoJulayi, awukwazi ukunisela isitshalo. Uma entwasahlobo kukhona inani lemvula elikhulu, khona-ke awudingi ukunisela i-mulberry.

Ukugqoka kamalibhele

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya kuJulayi, lesi sihlahla sidinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga kakhulu umanyolo we-nitrogen, futhi ehlobo - ku-potash ne-phosphorus.

Kamalibhele ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba naseMoscow

Isimo sezulu saseMoscow nesifunda saseMoscow asihambelani kangako ngama-mulberry. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi eside lapho bafunda ukutshala amasiko aseningizimu anjenge-apricot, amagilebhisi, kanye nomalibhele akuvamile. Lesi sitshalo esimbozwe yiqhwa siyakwazi ukusinda sokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomoya sifinyelele kumadigri angama-30. Kodwa-ke, uma isikhathi sasebusika siphawulwa yiqhwa elincane, khona-ke umuthi kamalibhele ungashona noma izinga lokushisa lehla laya ku-7-16 degrees. Kulokhu, ngesikhathi sokutshala kamalibhele esifundeni saseMoscow, intambo yayo yomsuka akufanele ungcwatshwe ngokujulile emhlabathini.

Kusukela isikhathi samahora esikhathi sasemini esifundeni saseMoscow asihlangabezani nezidingo ze-kamalibhele, isitshalo esinjalo, esitshalwa esifundeni saseMoscow, sinezikhathi ezi-2 zemifino ngonyaka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Lesi sihlahla sinamakhono angajwayelekile, singakha izicubu zikakhokho phakathi kwengxenye evuthiwe nengavundile yesiqu. Ngenxa yalokho, umuthi kamalibhele ekwindla ungalahla lezo zingxenye zehlumela ezingasebenzi, ezizovumela ukuthi liphile kahle ebusika. Kulokhu, ekwindla, hhayi amapuleti wamaqabunga kuphela, kodwa futhi izingxenye zeziqu zindizela isiko elinjalo ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba naseMoscow. Lokhu kungumehluko kuphela kulinywe lwama-mulberry kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezifudumele.

Kamalibhele eSiberia

Lesi sitshalo singatshalwa eSiberia kuphela uma ukumelana kwawo nesithwathwa kwanda. Lokhu kunzima ukukwenza, kepha kungenzeka uma ufisa. Uma umlimi enesifiso esikhulu sokutshala isihlahla kamalibhele esifundeni esinezimo sezulu esibandayo, khona-ke kufanele afunde izihloko zabalimi abanolwazi uV. Shalamov noG. Kazanin.

Ukuthena ngemabhele

Ukuthenwa ngemabhele kunconywa ngesikhathi sokuphumula okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Okuhle kunakho konke, umuthi ubekezelela ukuthenwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza. Njengomthetho, kunciphisa ukuguga nokubumba izihlahla kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli kuya kwelokuqala - Meyi kuze kube yilapho izinso zivulekile. Ekwindla, lapho iqabunga lokuwa liphela, ukuthungwa kwendle kwenziwa, kanti okushisa komoya osemgwaqweni akufanele kube ngaphansi kokukhipha ama-degree ayi-10.

Ungawuthena kanjani amajikijolo

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi kamalibhele zinezici ezihlukile zokuthena. Isibonelo, ama-mulberry ekhalayo adinga ukuthenwa okunciphisiwe, kanye nokunqamula iziqu namagatsha. Njengoba lolu hlobo lubuyiselwa esikhathini esifushane, ngisho nokuthenwa okunamandla kakhulu awukwesabi.

Umuthi obunjiwe obunjiwe udinga kuphela ukwakheka komqhele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, esiqwini eside, lapho amagatsha engekho ngokuphelele, kuyadingeka ukwakha isicwebezeli esimile kahle sesakhiwo esiyindilinga noma umgatsha owela amagatsha.

Umalibhele wokuhlobisa unzima ukwakheka. Futhi kuzoba nzima ukugcina ngokuhlelekile ukwakheka kwesihlahla.

Ukuthenwa kukamabhele entwasahlobo

Ngenkathi lesi sitshalo sisencane, kuyadingeka ukusika wonke amagatsha esiqwini saso kuya ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha ayi-150. Kulokhu, esitshalweni esidala, amagatsha ngeke acwila ebusweni bendawo. Umqhubi wesifundo ogciniwe angakhula afinyelela kumamitha angama-5-6, kuyilapho esika zonke iziqu ezincintisanayo. Uma ungafuni ukwenza ama-clapip clapings, vele uvumele umqhele ukhule ngendlela yemvelo. Ungakha umuthi omude kakhulu, okulungele ukunakekelwa. Ukuze lokhu, ihlumela le-apical kumele linqunywe ekuphakameni okuyi-1.35-1.7 m, khona-ke kwakhiwa skeleton, okufanele ifane nesihlahla sama-apula emfushane. Umuthi onjalo kufanele ube namagatsha wamathambo ayi-8 kuye kwayi-10. Lapho isitshalo sesakhiwe, kuzodingeka ukuthi kulondolozwe ifomu elenziwe, ngoba lokhu, ukusika nokukha lezo zinhlamvu ezingadingeki. Ukuncipha kwamagatsha wokuphonsa akanconyelwanga; esikhundleni salokho, kumele kusekwe.

Ukuthenwa kwemabhele ekwindla

Lapho ekwindla wonke amaqabunga eqabuka esihlahleni, kubalulekile ukubhekana nokulungiselela ubusika. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuthenwa kokuhlanzeka kokuhlanzeka, ngoba lokhu, bonke abalimele, bomile, abalinyazwa yiqhwa noma isifo, amagatsha neziqu ezincanyana ngokweqile, kanye nalezo ezikhula ngaphakathi komqhele, kufanele zisikwe. Njengomthetho, umuthi kamalibhele awudingi izingcingo zaminyaka yonke zokuhlanzeka.

Ukusakazwa kamalibhele

Kamalibhele ingasakazwa indlela yokuzala (inzalo), kanye yezitshalo - ngokugoma, inzalo, ukusikwa okumihlaza nokuluhlaza, futhi nokuqhekeka.

Ungakhula kanjani kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Imbewu kufanele ikhishwe ezithelweni zesikhathi samanje kusuka maphakathi kuya ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Okthoba, ngoba lokhu udinga ukususa yonke inyama. Ngemuva kwalokho bacwiliswa amahora angama-1-2 kusisombululo se-isivuseleli sokukhula (ngokwesibonelo, iZircon noma i-Epin). Emva kwalokho, bahlwanyelwa enhlabathini evulekile. Uma kwenzeka ubandakanyeka ezitshalweni ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, khona-ke imbewu kuzodingeka ihlelwe kabusha ngaphambi kwalokhu emavikini angama-4-8. Kungenzeka ungadingi ukushintshanisa imbewu, kepha kulokhu kuzodinga ukulungiswa okuyisisekelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele icwiliswe emanzini abandayo amahora angama-24, bese ikhishwa bese igcinwa inani elilinganayo lesikhathi emanzini afudumele kakhulu (kusuka kuma-degree angama-50 kuye kwangama-53).

Ukuze uthole umbhede, khetha indawo enokhanyo kahle, engavaliwe. Ngemuva kwalokho kudingeka ulungiselele ama-grooves futhi uwachithe ngamanzi, ngemuva kokuqeda kuwo umanyolo okuhloselwe izilimo zezithelo nezithelo zombhila. Imbewu yalesi sitshalo incane, futhi idinga ukuhlwanyelwaqabukela ngangokunokwenzeka. Kufanele zingcwatshwe enhlabathini ngama-30-50 mm. Umbhede udinga ukuniselwa kahle lapho imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini, bese ingaphezulu lawo ligcwele ungqimba lwe-mulch. Ekwindla, ungqimba lwe-mulch lwenziwa lukhule ngokuqhathaniswa nentwasahlobo, ngoba ebusika imbewu ingabanda. Izithombo ezivele zidinga ukuniselwa ngendlela ehlelekile, ukhula futhi bondliwe. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasekwindla, izithombo ezikhulile nezinamandla zingatshalwa, kuyilapho kuye ngohlobo kamalibhele, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe amamitha ayi-3-5. Isitshalo esikhule kusuka ezinhlanyelweni siqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 noma eyi-6. Le ndlela yokuzala ine-drawback eyodwa ebalulekile, okungukuthi, umuthi okhule kusuka ezinhlamvwini uzuza ingxenye yezici zokuhlukahluka zesitshalo somzali noma ungazidli ifa lazo. Kulokhu, izithombo ezikhule ngale ndlela zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezitoko zokuqunjelwa.

Ukusakazwa kamalibhele inzalo

Uma umuthi kamalibhele uhlukunyezwa kakhulu yisithwathwa ebusika obubanda kakhulu, khona-ke inzalo yayo eyenziwe izimpande ingasetjenziselwa indawo yesihlahla esineqhwa. Kule nzalo, kancane kancane kwakhiwa umqhele. Izinqubo ezingadingekile kufanele zisuswe, futhi uma zifunwa, zingasuswa enhlabathini kanye nohlelo lwezimpande, 1/3 zeziqu zingafushaniswa bese zisetshenziswa njengezithombo. Le ndlela yinhle ngoba inzalo iyakwazi ukugcina ngokuphelele izici zokuhlukahluka kwesitshalo somzali.

Ukusakazwa kamalibhele ukusikwa

Uma umuthi uyimpande, khona-ke kokutshala kwawo ungasebenzisa ukusikwa okuluhlaza. Kepha ubulukhuni bale ndlela ukuthi udinga ukufakwa okukhethekile okungadala ukumiswa kwamanzi okuncane ngesimo senkungu ku-greenhouse. Ukuvunwa kwezilimo kwenziwa ngo-June-Julayi, ngaleso sikhathi lesi sitshalo sinokukhula okusebenzayo kukamalibhele. Izimbambo zisikwa kusuka ezihlahleni, okufanele zifinyelele kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15 kuya kwangama-20 futhi zibe nama-2 noma ama-3 amahlumela. Zitshalwe endaweni eluhlaza okotshani ngama-degrees angama-45. Enhlabathini evundile kakhulu, ukusikwa okungaphansi kwe-shank kumele kuthuliselwe ekujuleni kwama-30 mm. Esibambeni, udinga ukushiya kuphela amapuleti ambalwa wamaqabunga aphezulu, ancishiswa yingxenye ye-½. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi abamba ukushisa kunendawo enomswakama ophezulu. Amahlumela amasha nohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande ezitshalweni luzovela ekwindla, kodwa ukutshala kwawo emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kuhlehliswe kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo.

Imilibhele ingabuye isatshalaliswe ngemisiko enama-lignified, evunwa ngasikhathi sinye naluhlaza. Ukusiphula ukunqunywa okunjalo kumele kufane ncamashi nokuhlaza. Okubi kwalokhu kukhiqizwa kabusha ukuthi ukubangelwa kwezindlela zokusika okuyisisekelo ezinciphile kwenzeka kancane kancane. Isihlahla esikhulwe ngale ndlela sithola ifa lokutholwa kwesimo somzali.

Ukuhlanganisa imifino ngokuxhuma

Ukugoma umalibhele, ungasebenzisa zonke izindlela ezaziwayo. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bancoma ukumisa ukukhetha kwakho kokukopishwa (ngokuxhunyelelwa onqenqemeni ngesika). Uma kusetshenziselwa ukukopisha okulula, khona-ke isikhuxu nesiphunzi kuyasikwa, ukushuba kwawo kufanele kufane.Izingxenye ze-Oblique kumele zenziwe ezimpandeni nasekhungweni phakathi kwamahlumela amabili, kanti ubude bazo kufanele bulingane nobubanzi bezitshalo ezihlanganisiwe, zandiswa ngo-4 (ngokwesibonelo, uma ububanzi bezimpande kanye no-scion graft buyi-1,2 cm, khona-ke ubude bezikwele bube ngu-4,8 cm ) Hlela izigaba nomunye bese uzisonga nganoma iyiphi into enobuhlakani noma ithephu yokuqhuma.

Okunye okusetshenziswayo kungukukopisha okuthuthukile ngolimi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukusikeka nezimpande zezihlahla kudinga ukusikwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo echazwe ngenhla, emva kwalokho kufanele kuxhaswe ngosiko-izilimi. Kuyadingeka ukuphambuka kusuka ekugcineni kwesiliphu 1/3 sobude baso, bese kwenziwa ukusikwa kube maphakathi kwesilayi esikhungweni se-scion phezulu naphansi esitokweni. Izindawo zokusikeka kufanele zinamathelwe komunye nomunye, emva kwalokho amathebhu alimele ukuze aqondaniswe kakhulu. Ekugcineni, isiza sokugomela kumele sisongwe ngetheyipu.

Izifo ze-kamalibhele ngesithombe nencazelo

Umuthi kamalibhele unokuphikisana ngokuphelele nezifo ezahlukahlukene, kepha kwezinye izikhathi nawo ungagula. Imvamisa, uhlushwa yi-brown leaf spot (cylindrosporiosis), i-curly encane-leved, i-powdery hlobo kanye ne-bacteriosis. Futhi, umuthi nawo ungalimaza ukhunta.

I-Powdery hlobo

I-Powdery hlobo yisifo sokukhunta. Esitshalweni esithintekile, amafomu amhlophe wokumboza ngaphezulu kweziqu namapuleti amaqabunga. Esikhathini esomile, lesi sifo sikhula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma umqhele wesitshalo uqweqwe. Lapho nje kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, umuthi kufanele ufafazwe ngengxube yeBordeaux, iFundazole noma ukumiswa kwesibabule se-colloidal. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuthola nokubhubhisa wonke amahlamvu endizayo.

I-Cylindrosporosis

Futhi indawo enamaqabunga ansundu yisifo sokukhunta. Esibonelweni esithintekile, amabala obomvu-we-violet anomngcele we-annular akhiwa phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, izicubu zamaqabunga ngaphakathi kwezindawo ziyachitheka, amahlamvu uqobo aphenduka aphuzi bese endiza azungeze. Lapho nje izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zibonakala, umuthi kufanele uphathwe ngeSilite solution (1%). Kulokhu, cishe amalitha ama-3 alesixazululo kufanele aye kwesinye isitshalo. Ukuphathwa kabusha kwenziwa ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga ngemuva kweyokuqala.

Bacteriosis

Imvamisa, izingcezu ezisencane kanye namaqabunga emibala kamalibhele kuthintwa yi-bacteriosis. Kuvela amabala angajwayelekile ebusweni babo, kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baba mnyama. Njengomphumela wentuthuko yalesi sifo, amahlamvu asonta futhi ajike, kanye nokuvela kwesiqu, ngenkathi ifomu elingangegumsi libonakala ebusweni bawo. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, sebenzisa isidakamizwa uGamair noma iFitoflavin. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isitshalo esine-bacteriosis asikwazi ukwelashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kulokhu, kufanele uzame ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngokwenza izindlela zokwelapha ezivimbayo njalo.

Curility amaqabunga amancane

Izithwali zesifo segciwane ezinjengamaqabunga amancane amaqabunga ziyizinambuzane. Esihlahleni esinezifo, amahlamvu ayancipha phakathi kwemithambo, bese kuba amafomu agobekayo we-granular nodularity. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, amapuleti amaqabunga ayagoqwa futhi asongeke, iziqu ziba buthaka kakhulu futhi zinolaka, futhi inani labo liyanda. Lesi sifo asikwazi ukwelashwa, ngakho-ke izindlela zokuvimbela zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze isitshalo singatheleleki, kuyadingeka ukulwa nemithi yezinambuzane, lokhu kubandakanya zonke izinambuzane ezincelayo, ngokwesibonelo: ama-tip, aphid, imikhaza, njll.

Isikhunta esishubile

I-Tinder fungus ihlala esihlahleni futhi iholele ekubhujisweni kwezinkuni zayo. Izinhlwayi zaso, ziwela emanxebeni nasemifantwini ku-cortex, zixutshana nesitshalo, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwesiqu saso. Ngemuva kokutholwa kwekhowe elinjalo, kumele lisikwe, lithathe ingxenye yenkuni, bese libhujiswa. Isilonda esivele lapho kufanele siphathwe ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi (5%). Ngemuva kwalokho kumele imbozwe ngengxube, ukuze kulungiswe lapho kudingeka khona ukuthi kuhlanganiswe umanyolo, ubumba kanye nomquba wezinkomo (1: 1: 2). Uma kunokulimazeka komshini ngaphezulu kwesihlahla bese kuthi ukuphuma kwegamu kuphume kubo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanze la manxeba bese uwahlanza ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi (1%), abese elashwa ngesisombululo esine-Nigrol nokhuni lomlotha, okumele luvinjelwe, kuthathwe lezi zinto ngesilinganiso 7: 3.

Izinambuzane zemilalabala ezinezithombe nezincazelo

Izinambuzane kuma-mulberry zihlala ngokuqabukela. Imvamisa, lesi sitshalo sihlukunyezwa izimvemvane zaseMelika, izibungu zeComfort, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye nezinundu.

Ibhabhathane elimhlophe laseMelika

Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke yesihlahla sikamalibhele uvemvane omhlophe waseMelika. Amacimbi alesi sinambuzane anombala onsundu-luhlaza okotshani, ebusweni bawo kunemivimbo e-orange-ephuzi ezinhlangothini namashidi amnyama. Lezi zibungu zingabhoboza wonke amaqabunga ku-mabhele. Hlola isihlahla, usike bese ubhubhisa izithombo zesicabucabu ezitholakele. Esiqwini, kufanele kufakwe amabhande wokuzingela abalulekile, futhi umqhele wesitshalo kufanele ufafazwe nge-Chlorophos.

Imboza Kamalibhele

Amacimbi embovane nawo ayondla ngamahlamvu alesi sitshalo. Ukuvikela lesi sitshalo ezinambuzaneni ezinjengalesi, kufanele siphathwe nge-Chlorophos entwasahlobo, lapho ukuqhakaza kuqala ukuvuvukala, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho kubonakala khona ukubukeka kwalezi zibungu.

Izikhala zesicabucabu

Uma izibungu zesicabucabu zihlala esihlahleni, khona-ke i-web elihle kunazo zonke zingabonakala kuso. Izinambuzane ngokwazo zincane kakhulu futhi azinakubonwa ngamehlo. Kodwa-ke, izibungu ezinjalo zibeka ingozi enkulu kumalibhele. Imikhaza ibhoboza ingaphezulu lamapuleti amaqabunga bese imunca ujusi kubo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahlamvu aba nsundu bese endiza azungeze. Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi lesi sinambuzane singesinye sezinkinga ezibalulekile zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingalapheki. I-tick yisinambuzane i-arachnid, ngakho-ke, ekuqothulweni kwayo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-acaricidal agents, ngokwesibonelo: i-Actellik, i-Tick-borene, njll.

Umhlonyane Wokuhlushwa

Enye inambuzane emuncayo iComfort. Ihlala phezu kwamahlamvu, amagxolo namagatsha esihlahla semabhele. Lesi sinambuzane sidla futhi kwisithako sesitshalo, ngenxa yalokho sibuthaka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sinambuzane, kuvela amathumbu namanxeba esihlahleni, kuhlangana futhi kumiswe amagatsha, bese amahlamvu ephenduka aphuzi futhi endiza azungeze. Ukubhubhisa izibungu, umuthi kufanele ufafazwe nge-pesticide.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo kamalibhele ngencazelo

Imboza inehlukaniso elidida ngokweqile. Ngokwolwazi oluthathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-17-200. Iqiniso ngukuthi kunenqwaba yama-nzalo kamalibhele wemvelo, ososayensi abathile abazihlukanisa ezinhlotsheni ezizimele. Ngezansi kuzochazwa izinhlobo ezi-3 zika-kamalibhele, ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.

U-Red Kamalibhele (Morus rubra)

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lolu hlobo eNyakatho Melika. Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela, ukungathobeki nokumelana nokubanda nesomiso. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinjalo kungahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20. Umqhele unesimo setende. Amagxolo anombala onsundu. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga bufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-12, angaba ayindilinga, amaphoyinti amade noma ama-ovoid, ngaphambili lawo alineme, futhi ingaphakathi lizwakala. Amaqabunga amaqabunga amahlumela amasha ajule. Izithelo ezinoshukela omnandi zifinyelela kubude obungama-30 mm, zinombala obomvu omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama. Ngaphandle, ziyefana nezithelo zama-amajikijolo. Ama-mulberry avuthwa ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaJulayi. Imvamisa, abamele le nhlobo bayizitshalo ezihlukene futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze ithele izithelo, badinga umbhangqwana wobulili obuhlukile. Izitshalo ezingama-Monoecious azivamile. Lolu hlobo lunefomu lokuhlobisa - lizwelwe kamalibhele: ingaphansi lamapuleti eshidi linobukhulu obukhulu bombala omhlophe.

Ubhanyabhanya Omnyama (Morus nigra)

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lolu hlobo yi-Afghanistan ne-Iran. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinjalo nomqhele osakazekayo akunakufika kumamitha ayi-15. Amapuleti amakhulu we-asymmetric sheet anesimo seqanda elibanzi, ubude bawo buba amasentimitha angama-20, futhi ububanzi bawo buba amasentimitha ayi-15. Ingaphambili lazo linolaka, kanti emuva liyanizwa. Izithelo ezicwebezelayo, ezimnyama cishe zingama-30 mm ubude futhi zinambitheka omnandi futhi omuncu. Lolu hlobo lumelana nesomiso, kepha lunokuqina okuncane kwasebusika uma kuqhathaniswa nama-mululosi amhlophe abomvu. Amafomu amasha atholakala ngesisekelo sefomu eliyisisekelo:

1. Ukulungisa. Leli fomu elincane kakhulu elihlanganayo. Kuvame ukutshalwa esitsheni.
2. Shelli No. 150. Leli fomu elinezithelo ezinkulu libonakala ngokukhiqiza. Ubude bezithelo ezibabayo nezoshukela zingafinyelela ku-55 mm. Amahlamvu nawo makhulu kakhulu, ubude bawo bungafinyelela ku-50 cm. Amapuleti anjalo asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi: iRoyal, iBlack Prince, iBlack Pearl, iFruit-4 neNadezhda.

I-White Kamalibhele (Morus alba)

Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yiChina, lapho uncamela ukukhula khona emahlathini aqatha. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinomqhele ovundile okhephukile kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-20. Amagxolo ahlanganisiwe onsundu. Amagxolo amagatsha amasha anombala ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene ukusuka ko-brown-ebomvu kuya ku-green-grey. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amapuleti amaqabunga obukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu angakhula esihlahleni esifanayo. Ehlobo, umbala wamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani, futhi ekwindla - utshani obphuzi. Izithelo ezimnandi zingapendwa ngemibala ehlukene, ukubukeka kwazo kuyafana nokwakheka kwama-raspberry noma amajikijolo. Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuqina kobusika, ukungathobeki nokukhuthazela ezimeni zasemadolobheni. Kunenombolo enkulu yezindlela zokuhlobisa:

1. Ukulila. Ekuphakameni, isitshalo esinjalo singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5. Amagatsha awo a drooping mncane kakhulu.
2. I-Pyramidal. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo ezinjengomqhele omncane we-pyramidal awudluli kumamitha ayi-8. Amapuleti amaqabunga agqamile.
3. Spherical. Umqhele opholile unesimo esiyindilinga.
4. Yakheka ngesipuni. Isihlahla esinjalo esibunjiwe sifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-5. Amahlamvu womugqa ogoqiwe Amajikijolo avuthwa kuqala.
5. Kuboshwe kakhulu. Ubude bamahlamvu cishe amasentimitha angama-22.
6. Amawele amancane. Leli fomu elakhiwe njengesihlahla linamapuleti amancane anamaqabunga angaqaliwe futhi anokhahlo kakhulu.
7. Iqabunga elahliwe. Isitshalo esinjalo sihle. Amapuleti amaqabunga ahlukaniswe abe yimikhawulo emincane evamile. I-lobes ye-lateral ne-apical lobes iphakeme kakhulu.
8. UGolide. Umbala amahlumela amasha namahlamvu aluhlaza golide.
9. IsiTatar. Lesi sihlahla esigaxekile sibonisa ngokukhula kancane kancane nangokuphakama kwesithwathwa. Amaqabunga amancane alayishwe amabhlogo.

Uma ufuna ukutshala umuthi kamalibhele ukuze uthole izithelo, futhi ungayihlobisi ingadi, khona-ke kufanele unake izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu kamalibhele omhlophe:

1. Uju olumhlophe. Esitshalweni esinde kangako, amajikijolo amhlophe amnandi kakhulu ayakhula, afinyelele kubude obungama-30 mm.
2. Intombazane enesikhumba esimnyama. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokukhiqiza nobulukhuni busika. Amajikijolo amnyama anomunambithi omuncu omuncu nobude obuyi-35 mm.
3. Isisa esimhlophe. Izinhlobonhlobo zinesivuno esikhulu. Amajikijolo amhlophe acwengekile ubude afinyelela ku-50 mm.
4. IsiLuganochka. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Amajikijolo amnandi anombala ukhilimu cishe angama-55 mm.
5. I-Black Baroness. Izinhlobonhlobo zivimbela ubusika bokuqala. Amajikijolo amnandi, anamakha afinyelela ku-35 mm.
6. Staromoskovskaya. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinomqhele oyindilinga azivimbi ebusika. Izithelo ezimnandi zicishe zibe mnyama ngombala futhi zibe nobude obuyi-30 mm.
7. Isi-Ukraine-6. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kokuqala ibonakala ngokukhiqiza. Amajikijolo amnyama ngobude afinyelela amamitha ayi-40 noma ngaphezulu.

Futhi kuthandwa izinhlobo ezinjengalezi: Diana, White Tenderness, Snow White kanye neMashenka.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu: I-White Tenderness, uSherli No. 150, i-Pearl emnyama ne-Black Prince.

Ukulima emadolobheni angaphansi komhlaba akulona izinhlobo ezifanele zikanyibheli omnyama. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-mulberry ezimhlophe zitshalwe ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo, okuyi: Vladimirskaya, Korolevskaya, Belaya uju ne-Staromoskovskaya.

Izakhiwo zemabhele: izinzuzo nokulimaza

Izici ewusizo kamalibhele

I-mulberry inezindawo zokupholisa, futhi lokhu kuchazwa yizindawo zayo: amavithamini A, K, E no-C, ukulandelela izinto ze-selenium, i-iron, i-manganese, i-zinc ne-zethusi, i-phosphorous macrocell, magnesium, calcium, potassium kanye ne-sodium. Ukwakhiwa kwamajikijolo avuthiwe kufaka i-riboflavin, i-pantothenic ne-folic acid, i-tocopherol, i-pyridoxine ne-choline.

Emithini ethile, izithelo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Izithelo eziluhlaza zisiza ukushisa kwenhliziyo nesifo sohudo, futhi ezivuthiwe zinomphumela oqabulayo futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuqunjelwa. Ngezifo zomphimbo, ihlanza ngejusi yezithelo, ehlanjululwe ngamanzi abilisiwe. Nge-bronchitis, izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula kanye ne-asthma ye-bronchial, kusetshenziselwa ukumiswa kwezithelo namagxolo.

Njengomenzeli we-antipyretic womkhuhlane, kusetshenziswa ukufakwa kwamahlamvu. Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-decoction yegxolo nezimpande, ezinomphumela wokugaya. Ochwepheshe beluleka umuntu one-myocardial dystrophy nesifo senhliziyo ukuba adle izithelo eziningi ze-kamalibhele ngangokunokwenzeka: amahlandla ama-4 ngosuku, ama-0.3 kg ngalinye kumaviki ama-4.

I-decoction yezithelo ezomisiwe kufanele idakwe ngokuqwasha nokuxineka, ngoba iqukethe amavithamini amaningi we-B, anomthelela omuhle kuma-carbohydrate kanye ne-protein metabolism, futhi futhi ixhase umsebenzi wohlelo lwezinzwa.

Izithelo ziyanconywa futhi ukuthi zidliwe esikhathini sokululama ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kanye nangesikhathi somthwalo omningi womzimba. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-magnesium, i-potassium ne-quercetin equkethwe izithelo zinomphumela omuhle ku-hematopoiesis.

I-Fomedol yezidakamizwa, eyenziwe ngamaqabunga kamalibhele eVietnam, isetshenziselwa izifo zesikhumba kanye ne-rheumatism.

Amagxolo ahlanganisiwe, ahlanganiswe no-oyela, asiza ekwelapheni ukusikeka, amanxeba, izilonda nezilonda ngesikhathi esifushane. Uma i-ringworm ifakwa ngejusi yezithelo entsha kaningana ngosuku, khona-ke izonyamalala ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu, i-kamalibhele ikwesinye sezindawo zokuqala ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwe-potassium. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuyisebenzisa nge-hypokalemia (ukuntuleka kwe-potassium emzimbeni).

Ukulimala okungenzeka

Imabhele kungalimaza kuphela uma umuntu enokuphazanyiswa umuntu ngamunye. Uma udla izithelo eziningi kakhulu, ungahle uphakame ukugaya ukudla. Umphumela ofanayo uyabonakala lapho kudliwa amajikijolo angavuthiwe. Khumbula futhi ukuthi ujusi nezithelo zesihlahla kamalibhele zihlanganiswa kabi nezinye iziphuzo nezithelo, okubangela ukuvutshelwa emathunjini. Kulokhu, kumele zidliwe zodwa (amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokunye ukudla).