I-Autumn igcwele, okusho ukuthi iningi lethu kungekudala lizoma ukuya ezindlini zezindlu. Futhi engadini, umsebenzi ubonakala ususondele ukuba uqedwe. Akukho okusafanele kwenziwe engadini ekugcineni kwesizini - kuvunwa kuvunwa, isimo sezulu asisijabule ... Kodwa-ke, ukuthi ingadi izolungiswa kanjani ebusika kuya ngempilo yayo, ukuvunda kwayo, kanye nokuphila kwayo isikhathi eside. Futhi esizokwenza emibhedeni ekwindla kuzothela izithelo kakade entwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuzama ukwenza wonke umsebenzi ngokuya ngemithetho futhi uqede isizini ukuze ngonyaka olandelayo kungagcini nje ukukhathazeka okuncane, kodwa futhi kube nenjabulo eyengeziwe, ngoba ukunakekela abanekhono ngomhlaba, izihlahla namajikijolo kwenza ubumnandi nenzuzo.
Amaphutha amakhulu ayi-15 angenakwenziwa ekwindla engadini.
Ake sibheke ukuthi yimaphi amaphutha angenziwa lapho kulungiswa ingadi ebusika, ukuthi yini engaphuthelwa nokuthi yini ongayikhumbuli.
1. Umanyolo ngomanyolo we-nitrogen
Noma yisiphi isitshalo sidinga umsoco. Kodwa-ke, uma entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo sethula umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, khona-ke ngoSepthemba, noma kunalokho, kusukela ngo-Agasti, i-nitrogen kufanele ingafakwa ngaphandle kokudla kwezitshalo. Ukudlula kwe-nitrogen kuvusa ukukhula kwezihlahla nezihlahlana, ngenxa yokuthi izinkuni zazo azinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa, futhi-ke, ngeke zikwazi ukubhekana kahle neziqandisi ezizayo.
Yebo, kanye nokondla ngonyaka ekwindla, noma ingadi, noma nensimu kunoma yini. Umanyolo omkhulu unyaka nonyaka usetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kwama-sitrobheli engadini namahlahla aklanyelwe, ngemuva kwenkathi - ngaphansi kokutshala kwama-gooseberries nayo yonke iminyaka emine kuya kweziyisithupha - ngaphansi kwezihlahla nasemibhedeni.
Funda impahla yethu eningiliziwe: Ukuphakelwa kwezitshalo zezithelo.
2. Izithelo ezisale engadini nasemibhedeni
Imvamisa, beshiya imibhede yasebusika, abalimi baphonsa kuyo izithelo ezibolile nezingavuthiwe. Kepha ngeze. Kushiywe ukubola imifino emhlabathini, kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo engcolile, imifino ekhubazekile, izithelo eziphuthisiwe emagatsheni ezihlahla - lokhu akuyona indawo yobusika yezifo nezifo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imibhede kufanele ihlanzwe futhi icutshungulwe, futhi uma isikhathi sesifikile, khona-ke ngokufakwa kukamanyolo ayisisekelo. Ingadi kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi kukhona izithelo ezomile ezisele emagatsheni, zisuswe futhi zichithwe. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, bhekisisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinambuzane ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni - ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga zihlukaniseka ngokusobala futhi kulula ukuzisusa.
3. Ukungena kwenqwaba yomquba
Namuhla, inqwaba yomquba akusaseyona indawo yokuthola kabusha. Abaningi baqonda izinzuzo zako kanye nesidingo sazo. Kodwa-ke, akuyena wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi inqwaba yomquba isebenza kuphela kulowo osebenza engadini uma kwenziwa ngokwemithetho. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kufanele ihlelwe kahle futhi yakhelwe kahle, kufanele inakekelwe njalo, kodwa-ke awukwazi ukulahla konke okukuwo.
Ungafaki iklabishi, izitshalo ezilinyazwe yizifo eziyingozi, ama-rhizomes okhula anonya, izitshalo zokhula ezinembewu evuthiwe, izinto zokwenziwa, udoti ovela endaweni yokuhlanza, amafutha, indle yesilwane, imfucuza yenyama emqubeni yomquba. Futhi ebusika, ukuze kulondolozwe inqubo yokubola ngesikhathi sokubandayo, ligcinwa ngensimbi eminyene (cishe amasentimitha angama-30) omhlaba, udoti wamaqabunga, i-peat, i-sawdust (ukukhetha kuya ngokutholakala kwezinto kanye nevolumu yinqwaba). Esikhathini sobusika nemfucuza entsha, kwakhiwa umgodi omusha noma isitsha, ngokuya ngokuncamelayo kokuklama.
Inqwaba yomquba ebusika imbozwe ungqimba lomhlaba omdaka, udoti wamaqabunga, ubandlululo noma udaka lwamatshe.
4. Amaqabunga angahlanzekile ngaphansi kwezihlahla
Abalimi nabalimi abahlali behlanza amaqabunga awileyo ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Beziqinisa ngokuthi lo ngumanyolo omuhle kakhulu, abaningi abasoli ukuthi empeleni bashiya "ifulethi lasebusika" lezilokazane zasengadini. Ngokudotshwa kwamaqabunga, izigaba zobusika zezifo zamagciwane kwezifo zokukhunta zezitshalo (ukugqwala, amabala, amabala) nezinambuzane ezilimazayo (abavukuzi, abakhiqizi benyongo, imikhaza ene-herbivorous, amabhungane adla amaqabunga) abhekana nesikhathi esingafanele.
Yebo, amahlamvu empeleni awumanyolo omuhle kakhulu no-mulch wamahhala, kodwa kuphela lapho uphilile. Uma izitshalo zithintekile yizifo, amaqabunga kufanele asuswe engadini, ikakhulukazi uma kuyindawo enkulisa noma enotshani abancane, kufanele abhujiswe noma aphathwe ngesixazululo se-urea esingu-7%, bese asongwa ngemfumba yomquba noma asetshenziselwa i-mulching.
Funda impahla yethu: ukuthi wenzeni ngamahlamvu ekwindla engadini?
5. Ukungazinaki izingwevu
Imvamisa kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti ungabona imibhede engenalutho ngokuphelele, lapho ukhula lukhula khona kancane. Kepha lokhu akulungile! Uma umhlaba awunalutho, futhi kusasele isikhathi esincane sokukhula kwezitshalo, imibhede kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuhlwanyela izitshalo zosuku olufushane (dill, radish, ulethisi), noma okungcono ukutshala umquba oluhlaza.
Izilimo ezi-Sideral azikwazi nje ukucebisa inhlabathi ngokuwohloka kwezinhlamvu ezisikiwe eziluhlaza, kodwa futhi zidwebe izinto eziwusizo ezingxenyeni zazo ezingaphezulu, zixoshe izibungu ezinambuzane ezihlala emhlabathini, zithuthukise ukushintshana komoya, futhi zidlulise uhlaza lokhula Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-rye, i-vetch, i-oats kanye nokudlwengula okuhlwanyelwe ubusika kuzovikela imigwaqo engadini nemibhede ekufinyeleleni enhlabathini, ekunikezeleni isimo sezulu, nasekuhlinzekeni ukugcinwa kweqhwa okungcono.
Funda izinto zethu: Yisiphi isiderata okufanele sitshale ekwindla?
6. Khohlwa ngezilimo zasebusika
Ngemuva kwesizini ematasa, ngifuna ukushiya wonke umsebenzi entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izitshalo zingatshalwa ekwindla. Lokhu kuzonciphisa kancane isikhathi sentwasahlobo futhi kusondeze isikhathi sokuvunwa sokuqala ngonyaka olandelayo. Mhlawumbe manje umsebenzi onjalo ubonakala sengathi awubalulekanga kangako, kepha uzoba wusizo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ngaphambi kobusika, amasaladi, i-dill, ama-beet, izaqathe, i-parsley ayihlwanyelwa - entwasahlobo azohluma ngaphambili, kanti abanye bazokhipha nemibhede yokutshala kabusha. Izitshalo zasendulo zihlukaniswa (ngezinhloso zokuzalela): rhubarb, sorrel. Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, ama-anyanisi amasethi kanye nobusika begalikhi atshalwa.
Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, ama-anyanisi amasethi kanye nobusika begalikhi atshalwa.
Funda izinto zethu ezinemininingwane: Izitshalo zasebusika.
7. Ukutshala izithombo ngaphandle kwesikhathi
Kunemininingwane eminingi ku-Intanethi mayelana nokutshala izihlahla zezithelo, kepha izihloko eziningi ziyiqiniso ngeqembu eliphakathi kuphela. Futhi kunjalo ngoba abalobi bavame ukungacacisi ukuthi lo mbhalo ubhalelwe bani, ukuqala abalimi bacabanga ukuthi le mithetho ijwayelekile kubo bonke. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, kulabo kithi abahlala emzileni ophakathi nendawo enyakatho, ukutshala izihlahla kunconywa ekwindla kusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba, kepha eningizimu ngo-Okthoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifundeni ezifudumele, ukutshala ekwindla kungcono ukuphuma kwentwasahlobo, ngoba ubusika bufudumele lapho, ekwindla ende - izithombo zikwazi ukukhula kahle entwasahlobo, kodwa entwasahlobo isimo sezulu sihlala singenisa futhi kungazelelwe kushisa ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, esidala ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla ezincane nezihlahla.
Kukhona umthetho ojwayelekile: hhayi izinhlobo zasebusika ezilukhuni zezitshalo zasendle azinconywa ukuthi zitshale ngaphambi kobusika - zingatshalwa kakhulu entwasahlobo. Kepha imigodi yokutshala kwentwasahlobo isilungiselelwe ekwindla. Lokhu kusindisa isikhathi kakhulu kamuva futhi kwenza umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo ube lula.
Funda izinto zethu: Ngabe kunini lapho kufanelekile ukutshala izithombo zezilimo zezithelo?
8. Ukhohliwe ngokuthenwa!
Amasecurity akho abese eshalofini isikhathi eside - ekwindla ubonakala edingeka ... Kepha cha! Kungemva kokuwa ukuthi kufanele abe ukulungele. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezincane izingodo azinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi igagasi lesibili lokukhula licasulwa yizimo zezulu - kulapho izihlahla zasekwindla zisiza khona. Ukusiza ukulungiselela izithombo zesikhathi sasebusika, kubalulekile ukusika (izithambisi) izeluleko zezihlumela ngo-10-15 cm ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Lokhu kuzomisa ukukhula kwabo, kuvuse amagxolo nokuvuthwa kwezinkuni.
Futhi ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko ekwindla kuyinto enhle kakhulu. Amagatsha omisiwe asabonakala ngokusobala, ngiyakhumbula ukuthi la mahlahla angakhiqizi atholakala ethunzini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-Okthoba kudingekile ukwakha amagilebhisi asembozo, ama-gooseberry kanye nama-currants. Futhi - bonisisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona ukutholwa kwezinsini ezihlahleni (ipetshisi, iplamu, i-cherry, i-apricot, i-cherry). Uma kuqhuma kutholakala, kufanele kuhlanzwe izicubu eziphilayo, namanxeba aphathwe nge-var var engadini.
Funda izinto zethu: Ukuthenwa kwe-Autumn yengadi kanye Izici zokuthena ngenhlanzeko yensimu ekwindla.
9. Ngabe udinga i-whiteshash ekwindla?
I-Autumn whitewash iphuzu le-moot! Abanye bathi awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi kukho. Abanye bathi ukugcotshwa kwezihlahla zokugqoka kumhlophe kuyadingeka kuphela entwasahlobo. Kepha, ngokombono we-agronomy, ukusikwa kwemvelo ekwindla kuyinto ebalulekile ekuvinjelweni kwezifo nasekuvikelweni yizinambuzane. Futhi nokho - lokhu ukuvikelwa kweziqu zemithi ebusika nasekusheni kwentwasahlobo. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi nobusika obugqamile kanye nelanga lasentwasahlobo kudala ukungezwani ngaphezulu kwegxolo lesihlahla, ngenxa yalokho kuqhuma. Kepha, uma umhlanga uhlanjululwe mhlophe, umbala omhlophe qhwa ukhombisa imisebe yelanga bese ngaleyondlela wehlise lesi sikhathi esibucayi.
Ngakho-ke, i-whiteshashing yenziwa ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho izinambuzane sezivele zizinzile ku imifantu yamagxolo ebusika. Entwasahlobo, ezifundeni ezifudumele kakhulu - ngamaholide kaMeyi, kubanda kakhulu - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ukumiswa kwezinto ezimhlophe kuthwala kuphela umlingiswa wokuhlobisa, ngoba iningi lamagciwane selivele selibolile, izinambuzane sezikhulile, futhi nezinguquko zokushisa ezinobungozi sezedlule.
Kodwa-ke, akufanele ubenze mhlophe izithombo ezincane - ngenxa yamagxolo abo, ukwakheka kwe-whitewash kusenolaka kakhulu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwindla kokuvunyelwa kokukhanya ekwindla: Ukuqothuka kwe-Autumn kwezihlahla zezithelo.
I-Autumn whitewash ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesihlahla.
10. Autumn - ukuphela kokunisela
Ekwindla, lina kakhulu kaningi, futhi kuba nesilingo sokukhohlwa ngokunisela. Kepha isikhathi esikhulayo samanye amasiko asikafiki ukuphela, futhi ezinye izinsuku azigcini nje ngokufudumele, kepha zishisa ehlobo. Umhlabathi uyoma bese izitshalo zingenawo umswakama. Ngalesi sizathu, uma okunye kukhula emibhedeni, ungakhohlwa ukuthambisa, ngoba ukuntuleka komswakama akuvumeli uhlelo lwezimpande ukumunca ngokuphelele umsoco, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nokushoda ezitshalweni.
Ukunisela okubaluleke kakhulu kulindele ingadi. Lokhu kuthambisa kubizwa ngokuthi "ukushaja umswakama". Kwenziwa ekugcineni kokuwa kwamaqabunga yizilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu (zomuthi cishe ngamabhakede ayi-10 ngemitha yesikwere ngasinye, esihlahleni - 6, uma umhlabathi ulula, khona-ke ungaba ngaphansi), ukuze kwandiswe ubusika bezitshalo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhula okuphelele kohlelo lwazo lwezimpande isikhathi ekwindla esisele futhi yehlise ijubane lokuqothula kwenhlabathi. Okuhlukile kuyindawo enamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Funda imininingwane yethu eningiliziwe: Kuyini ukuswakama kokushaja kokunisela nokuthi ungakusebenzisa kanjani ngokufanele?
11. Ukuvunwa okungafanele
Kubukeka sengathi ungavuna kanjani ngesikhathi esingafanele ekwindla? Kuvela ukuthi unga! Futhi ukudideka okukhulu kwenzeka ngezimpande zezitshalo. Ama-beets amaningi ashiya imibhede, futhi izaqathe ashesha ukuzihlanza. Uma wenza lokhu, khona-ke ama-beet avuniwe ngemuva kwesithwathwa alahlekelwa ukunambitheka nokugcina ikhwalithi, bese izaqathi zivunwa ekuqaleni - kuze kufike ku-40% wesisindo sazo. Ngakho-ke, ama-beets kufanele asuswe ngaphambi kwamaqabunga okuqala, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla laya ku + 4 ... +5 ° C, kanye izaqathe - emva kwawo.
Musa ukulahla utamatisi ongazange ube nesikhathi sokuvuthwa emibhedeni. Lapho bavele babole. Kepha uma ubasusa, lapho nje izinga lokushisa lehlika +88 ° futhi ubabeka endaweni epholile (+ 20 ... +25 ° ะก) indawo ebomvu, bayokwazi ukubamba ithafa futhi bayakulungela itafula. Uma izihlahla zomhluzi ezincane ezingenasithelo zingavuthiwe engadini, kufanele zikhishwe kanye nesihlahla futhi zinqume ukuvuthwa ngezimpande zazo endaweni enomoya.
Ungavuthwa kanjani futhi ugcinwe utamatisi, funda esihlokweni sethu.
12. Gaya - ungaculi!
Ukumba ingadi ebusika, silwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi kanye nembewu yokhula. Kodwa-ke, ukumba ngokujulile akuyona into enhle ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba kuyangenelela empilweni hhayi nje kuphela eyingozi, kepha futhi nokuzuzisa i-microflora - i-rhizosphere (ungqimba lomhlabathi lapho ingxenye enkulu yezimpande ihlala khona).
Uma kungekho sidingo (umhlaba awunakho ukwakhiwa kobumba obunzima), kwanele ukukhulula ungqimba olungaphezulu lwemibhede. Uma ukumba kwenziwa, khona-ke izigaxa zomhlaba azephulwanga ukukala umhlabathi. Bashiywe bengakafundwa. Ngakho-ke umhlabathi uzobanda kakhulu futhi ukumba kuzoba wusizo ngokwengeziwe.
Imibuthano yesihlahla yesihlahla ayimbi, kepha ithokomala kuphela ngaphambi kweqhwa. Ukumba kulimaza izimpande zazo, futhi kuthatha okungenani amasonto amabili ukubuyisa uhlelo lwezimpande, uma umkhuhlane ufike ngaphambili, kuzoba nzima ukuthi isitshalo siphile ebusika.
Njengoba ukukhulula kubambezeleka kancane kwenhlabathi, le ndlela yezolimo ilusizo kwizithombo ezincane, nakuzo izihlahla ezisezimpondweni ezincane, nangaphansi kokutshala kwama-colonous.
13. Indawo yokuqala yokuhlala yezitshalo ezingekho ebusika
Ezindaweni zokulima eziyingozi ngo-Okthoba, sekuyisikhathi sokugcina izilimo ezingazinzanga isithwathwa. Kepha ekwindla akudingeki kuwa, futhi uma ushesha, indawo yokukhosela ingahle idlale ngendlela engafanele - izitshalo ziyophuma ziphume. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukugoba ngesikhathi ngesikhathi phansi amahlumela emhlabathini, ukukhonkotha, bese kuthi, ngemuva kweziqalo zokuqala, amagilebhisi okukhosela, kanye nezinye izihlahla zeapula, amachibi, amakhiwane, ama-raspberries nezinye izilimo ezingezona ezejwayelekile noma eziyingozi kule ndawo. Kodwa ama-sitrobheli engadi wezinhlobo sekwephuzile nokulungisa angambozwa nge-spanbond kusenesikhathi, lokhu kuzokwandisa kancane isivuno sokugcina.
Ukuze uthole umjikelezo we-mulching osondelene nezithombo zezithombo ezincane, imibhede ye-sitrobheli kanye nemifino, kuza isikhathi lapho inhlabathi ifrunjelwa ekujuleni kwama-5-8 cm. I-Peat, amahlamvu aphilile awile, amagatsha aqhakazile alungele indawo yokukhosela enjalo.
Indawo yokuqala yokuhlala imbi nje ngezitshalo sekwedlule isikhathi.
14. Amathuluzi engadi anganakiwe
Kwabalimi abangenalwazi, imishini yokulungisa ingadi iyithuluzi nje: wabeka konke esibayeni ekwindla futhi usuqedile! Kepha amafosholo, nabakhethi, nawokugunda izingadi, nakwezokuvakasha, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyadingeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, maduze bazaphenduka abasizi bangene enkingeni.
Ngokungezelela eqinisweni lokuthi ama-secateurs adinga ukulolwa okujwayelekile okunamandla, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyikhubaza magciwane ngezikhathi ezithile, kufaka phakathi ngaphambi kokuyikhipha ukuze "iphumule". Imicu, izinhlamvu, ama-rakes kufanele ahlanzwa ngokuphelele komhlaba unamathela, ungcoliswe futhi uphathwe ngamafutha omshini. Imiphongolo yegadi yamanzi ayifanele ukunganakwa. Kubo kuyadingeka ukukhipha amanzi, kanye ne-hoses kanye namabhakede ukufihla esibayeni. Ohlelweni lokunisela, kubalulekile ukususa ama-valve ngesikhathi, ushaye bese unqamula amapayipi.
Funda izinto zethu: Ukulungiswa kwamathuluzi engadi okulondolozwa ebusika.
15. Musa ukuvikela ingadi kusuka namagundane
Ungacabangi ukuthi ingadi ebusika iphila impilo yayo futhi ayidingi ukungenelela kwethu. Cha! Ngesikhathi sokulala, udinga nokuvikelwa kwethu, kanye nezinyanga zezimila ezisebenzayo. Futhi ingozi ngalesi sikhathi ayilindelekile futhi ayinamandla kunezifo zasehlobo kanye nezinambuzane. Ama-hares, amagundane wensimu angadala ukulimala okungalingani engadini, ngakhoke udinga ukucabanga ngokuvakasha kwawo kusenesikhathi.
Ekuzivikeleni ekuqotheni, ungafaka inetha elinemisila emihle elizungeze iziqu, uzungeze iziqu ngamashubhu akhethekile epulasitiki, noma ubophe amagatsha akhula ngesihlakala ngezinaliti phansi. Uma umkhondo ubonwa esivandeni (imvamisa ukungena kwezimbungulu, izindunduma ezinezinsalela kanye nezindlela ezinyathelwe) zezigundane zasendle, amaqabunga e-walnut, ama-clove kagalikhi, i-elderberry noma i-thuja zidinga ukuhlakazeka ezizungeze izithombo ezisencane. Vala ukuvuleka komoya we-storages ngensimbi enamaseli amancane.
Funda izinto zethu: Ungazivikela kanjani izihlahla nezihlahlana kusuka kumagundane naku hares?
Yilokho kuphela, mhlawumbe! Lawa ngamaphutha aphambili wokulungiselela ubusika okufanele abe maningi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma konke kwenziwa kahle, intwasahlobo ezayo izokwamukeleka kakhulu, nezinkinga zentwasahlobo - zibe mbalwa kakhulu. Futhi ehlobo kuyodingeka ukuthi ububula kancane!
Iba nesivuno esihle kithi sonke ngonyaka olandelayo!
