Usuku lwesundu noma usuku (i-Phoenix) - uhlobo lwezitshalo, oluvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene kusuka ku-14 kuya ku-17 izinhlobo, futhi lingelomndeni iPalmae (Palm) noma i-Arecaceae (Arekov).
Lesi sihlahla sesundu sivame ezindaweni ezishisayo nezisezindaweni eziphansi zase-Asia nase-Afrika. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kwisiLatin, "phoenix" kusho "intende".
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlahla zezihlahla zesundu ezineziqu ezimbalwa noma eyodwa, ezingaba eziphakeme ezahlukene ngomqhele wamaqabunga, umhluzi wamaqabunga noma izinsalela zepilisi ngaphezulu.
Amaqabunga amakhulu, agobekile, angenamikhawulo aqukethe amaqabunga aqinile olayini abaqinile onqenqemeni oluqinile olukhonjwe endaweni ephezulu, ehlelwe ngokulinganayo noma ngesigaxa. Ama-petioles amafushane, ambozwe kaningi ngama-spikes aqinile. Ngamakhasi amaqabunga, kubekwa ama-inflorescence aphathekayo, aqukethe izimbali ezincane eziphuzi.
Zikhula izinsuku zombili njengesitshalo somhlobiso nanjengesithelo sezithelo (izinsuku zesundu). Izithelo zosuku zidliwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, futhi zondla amakamela namahhashi. Ukusuka ujusi wezinye izinhlobo yenza iwayini "itari".
Lesi sandla sisetshenziselwa nezokwelapha. Njengoba ijusi yezitshalo iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokwelapha ukuvutha, amanxeba, izifo zesikhumba, nezicindezelwa ezisuselwa kumaqabunga esundu achobozekile asetshenziselwa i-mastopathy.
Izinhlobo ezincane zezihlahla zesundu, ezifana neRobelin neCanary, zidlangile njengesihlahla sendlu yomhlobiso. Usuku lwe-palmate lukhula ngokushesha kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane, ngakho-ke kungcono kuye ukuthi aphile ezindaweni zokugcina nokulondolozwa kwezindlu.
Izinhlobo ze-Date Palms
Canary usuku lwesundu (Phoenix canariensis) - isitshalo esinesiqu esiqondile esiqinile, esifinyelela kumitha ayi-12 kuye kwayi-18 ubude futhi sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ububanzi futhi simbozwe ngezinsalela zamaqabunga.
Umqhele omnyama uqukethe ama-cirrus acishe abe ngu-200, ngamabhuzu amaqabunga angaphezu kuka-150 futhi afinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ngobude beqabunga. Amahlamvu anobude obungamasentimitha angama-50 nobubanzi obufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-3.5. Umbala wazo uluhlaza okotshani.
Ama-petioles amafushane kakhulu (cishe amasentimitha angama-80) ambozwe ngezinsimbi eziqinile ezinomumo wenalthi ezinobude obungafika emasentimitha angama-20. E-axils amaqabunga kukhona ama-inflorescence ezinhlobo ezimbili - owesilisa nowesilisa. Ezokuqala zinezimbali, zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ubude, kanti ezesibili zimfushane kakhulu.
Kusatshalaliswa emvelweni endaweni enamatye nasezintweni ezinamatshe aseCanary Islands, kulinywe njengezihlahla zesundu zomhlobiso ezikhulelwe emakamelweni nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Usuku lwesundu (Phoenix dactylifera) - isitshalo esiqu saso sifinyelela kumamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 ukuphakama namasentimitha angama-30. Isiqu simbozwe izinsalela zamahlamvu petioles futhi has a ihlumela lateral phansi.
Engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu kukhona amahlamvu we-cirrus agobile avela kumamitha ayi-6 ubude. Amacembe ama-Linear-lanceolate, ahlukaniswe kabili phezulu, anobude obungamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-40 futhi ahlala ehlanganiswa abe ngamaqembu.
I-petiole emincane, ende inombala oluhlaza okotshani. I-inflorescence, efinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha ubude, itholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga bese ilenga ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo. Izithelo ze-Drupe ezinenyama zinesimo se-oblong-ovate nobude bamasentimitha ayi-2,5 kuye kwayi-6.
Kusetshenziswa ekudleni, kokubomvu nokungomisiwe, kumnandi kakhulu futhi kunempilo. Kwisiko, isundu lesundu livame eNyakatho Afrika, eningizimu ye-Iran, e-Iraq, nasePhalamende lase-Arabia. Isetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwezindawo zokugcina imvelo nezakhiwo.
Isikhathi Esigugile Palm (IPhoenix reclinata) - izihlahla ezinemithi eminingi enezimpande eziseceleni ezibanika ukubukeka kwesihlahla esiminyene. Iziqu zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-8 ububanzi kanye no-10-16-cm cm.
I-Cirrus, enesiqongo esiphakeme, amaqabunga agobile angamamitha ayi-6 ubude aze afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ububanzi futhi aqukethe amapheya angaphezu kwamakhulu ayi-100. Amacembe aluhlaza aqhakazile ambozwe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi anyamalale, izinwele ezimhlophe, ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha angama-50 nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-2-3.
I-Petiole enobude bemitha eyi-1, embozwe ngentambo eyodwa noma iqoqo ngamaqembu ayi-2, amasentimitha angamasentimitha ayi-3-12, aqondiswe emikhondweni eyahlukene. Ama-inflorescence akhiwe kuma-axils amaqabunga aqhakanjiswa kakhulu futhi anobude obungamasentimitha angama-90.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ikhula emahlathini anomswakama omanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zase-Afrika. Itshalwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa sokukhula ezindlini kanye namahholo okugcina izithombo.
Robelen usuku lwesundu (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien) - ungomunye wabameli abanohlonze kakhulu bohlobo, ofinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 kuphela ukuphakama. Lesi isihlahla esigoqiwe sisodwa noma esinezikhala eziningi, esimbozwe ngezinsalela zezisekelo zamashidi.
Amaqabunga e-Arcuate-curved feathery angaba amasentimitha angama-50-70 ubude abe namaqabunga amaningi athambile futhi acishe abekwe kakhulu kuma-rachis acinene. Ubude bamaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama buvela kumasentimitha ayi-12 kuye kwangama-20. Amaqabunga amancane ambozwe nge-powdery powdery coating kanye nemicu emhlophe. Ama-axillary inflorescence agxotshwe ngokuqinile.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo ingatholakala emahlathini emvula aseNdiya, eLaos, eBurma. Lolu suku lufanelekile ukukhula ezikhungweni zokugcina imvelo ezifudumele namakamelo.
Usuku idwala lesundu (Phoenix rupicola) - isitshalo esinesiqu esiqondile esingamamitha ayi-7 ukuphakama namasentimitha angama-20 ubukhulu. Le nhlobo yakha inzalo futhi ayimbozwe imfucumfucu yamaqabunga.
Amaqabunga e-feather curved anobude obungamamitha angama-2-3 futhi aqukethe okuluhlaza okotshwe ngokuqondile, olayini, ongenalutho, onamaqabunga amancane angama-saggy anobude obungamasentimitha angama-40. I-petiole emfushane imbozwe nge-spikes ebukhali emaphethelweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ikhula emagqumeni nasezintabeni eSikkim, Assam (India).
Usuku ihlathi lesundu (Phoenix sylvestris) - isitshalo esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ukuphakama, nesiqu esiqondile esinamasentimitha angama-60 amasentimitha ukuya kumitha eyi-1.
Esiqongweni sesiqu sibekwa phansi, ama-arcuate-pinnate ashiya amamitha amane ubude ngenani lezingcezu eziyi-150 kuye kwezingama-200. Izingxenyana zamaqabunga zibekwa kakhulu emaqenjini ama-3-4 futhi zinobude obungamasentimitha angama-35 nobubanzi bamasentimitha angama-4-5. Amahlamvu anombala onsomi-grey.
I-Petioles, efinyelela kubude obuyimitha eyi-1, imbozwe ngemicu e-brownish phansi, kanye nama-spikes aqine aqinile (amasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayi-15 ubude) ngasemaphethelweni. I-inflorescence enezimbali ezimhlophe, eqondiswe phezulu, inobude obungamasentimitha angama-90. Kutholakala endle ezindaweni ezomile, izigodi zemifula kanye namathafa aphansi e-East India.
Usuku i-ceylon yesundu (IPhoenix zeylanica Trimen) - abamele le nhlobo banesiqu esiqondile, esifinyelela kumamitha amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ubude futhi simbozwe izinsalela zezilwane zasekhaya.
Amaqabunga e-cirrus amafushane aqukethe amaqabunga aqinile angama-18-25-centimeter. I-petiole emfushane imbozwe ngameva emaphethelweni. I-inflorescence emfishane (ngamasentimitha angama-30-35 ubude) i-axils yamaqabunga.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlobo zezilwane zivamile esiqhingini saseSri Lanka ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophansi. Kwenzelwe ukukhula emilondolozweni ebandayo ebandayo.
Usuku lwesundu ekunakekelweni nasekhaya
Usuku lithanda ukukhanya kwelanga elikhanyayo futhi lidinga ukushiswa kuphela phakathi nokushisa okukhulu kwaphakathi ehlobo. Kungcono ukubeka izitshalo ezincane emafasiteleni amafasitela aseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga, izitshalo ezinkulu nezinkulu - eduze kwamafasitela anjalo.
Ukukhula ngokulinganayo nokukhula komqhele wesundu, kuyadingeka ukuyiguqula i-axis yayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sizophendula kahle ekunakekelweni kwangaphandle engadini noma kuvulandi, uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke igumbi kufanele lishiswe umoya njalo.
Uma izinsuku zasekwindla-zasebusika zingazange zijabulise ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele, khona-ke entwasahlobo lesi sitshalo kufanele sijwayelane kancane kancane nemiphumela yokukhanya kwelanga ngqo ukuze kugwenywe ukushiswa kwamaqabunga. Kwenzeka into efanayo nangesihlahla sesundu, esivele silethwe esitolo.
Ebusika, kuyathandeka ukukhanyisela usuku usebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent. Ngokukhanya okunganele, amaqabunga esundu aqala ukwelula futhi avele phansi, alahlekelwe umphumela wawo wokuhlobisa.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, lapho usuku lukhula, ludinga ukugcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okulinganiselayo kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees. Le mihlobiso yezitshalo ezishisayo nayo ithanda amazinga okushisa aphezulu afinyelela kuma-28 degrees Celsius, kepha ngasikhathi sinye adinga umswakama ophezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho amathiphu amaqabunga esitshalo azoqala ukoma.
Ebusika, izinsuku zinesikhathi esishisayo futhi izinga lokushisa elisezingeni lama-degree angama-15-18 liyadingeka. Usuku lukaRobelin lingaphezu kwe-thermophilic futhi izinga lokushisa elikhulu lasebusika ngoba lisuka ku-16 liye ku-18 degrees Celsius.
Usuku lweCanary lungachitha ubusika emazingeni okushisa angama-8 kuye kwayi-10, kuthi lapho selikhulile ngesigaxa esakhiwe linokwehla kwesikhashana kube ngama-degrees ayi-5. Izihlahla zesundu zalolu hlobo lokuhamba komoya azithandi ngempela. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukungena kwamakamelo njalo kwekamelo, ngenkathi kuvikela izitshalo kusuka kokungalungiswa.
Ukunisela isundu date ekhaya
Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi, emva kwalokho amanzi asepanini ashiywe amahora ama-2-3, bese akhanywa. Ekwindla nasebusika, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe futhi kukhiqizwe ngosuku lwesibili kuphela emva kokomiswa kwengqimba ephezulu yobumba bethambo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kwedethi, kuyancipha kuniselwa futhi okuphambene nalokho. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inhlabathi ngeke ikhungathekiswe noma idlule ngokweqile. Amanzi wokunisela athathwa afudumele, athambile, axazululwe.
Izinsuku izitshalo ezithanda umswakama. Bathanda ukufafaza nsuku zonke, okungenziwa unyaka wonke. Amanzi wokufafaza athathwa axazululwa noma, okungcono kakhulu, ayahlungwa.
Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama odingekayo, amabhodwe anezihlahla zesundu angabekwa epanini eligcwele ubumba olunwebekile olumanzi, ama-moss noma amatshe ayigugu, ukuze phansi kwawo kungathinti amanzi. Kanye njalo emavikini amabili, bageza amaqabunga osuku ngamanzi ukuze bawahlanze othulini.
Umvundisi wesundu wesundu
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, kwenziwa umanyolo we-organic njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-organics adinga ukushintshwa nge-potassium nitrate, othathwa u-1 gram nge-1 litre yamanzi. Ebusika, izinsuku zivundiswa kanye ngenyanga.
Usuku ukufakelwa kwesundu ekhaya
Izinsuku azikubekezeleli ukufakelwa, ngoba phakathi kwawo uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo luvame ukonakala. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngendlela yokudluliselwa kwengqondo futhi kusentwasahlobo kuphela. I-Earthball ayibhujiswa.
Ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo, izihlahla ezincane zesundu kufanele zithathelwe indawo minyaka yonke, kuyilapho izitshalo ezindala, uma kudingeka, njalo eminyakeni engama-3-6. Uma intende ikhulu kakhulu futhi isindayo futhi kungelula ukuyisusa ingenangozi ebhodweni, khona-ke kunconywa ukuyiphula.
Imbiza entsha ayithathwa inkulu kakhulu kunaleyo eyedlule, ngenkathi kufanele ibe ejulile futhi ingabi banzi. Ngaphansi kwembiza, amasentimitha ambalwa wamakhompiyutha kusuka kubumba olwandisiwe, shards noma amalahle ngesihlabathi kuyadingeka.
Umhlabathi uvuselelwa minyaka yonke, ususa amasentimitha aphezulu we-2 substrate yakudala bese ubuyisela okutsha.
Usuku Umhlaba Wenhlabathi
Izinsuku azidingi kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi futhi zingakhula kahle kungathathi hlangothi nakunhlabathi enobuthi obuncane.
Ukulungiselela i-substrate, isihlabathi, i-humus, inhlabathi enosawoti nomquba kufakwa ngamanani alinganayo. Ngawo wonke amalitha ama-3 wexube, engeza isipuni esingu-1 se-superphosphate.
Ungasebenzisa izingxube zomhlabathi ezenziwe ngomumo zezihlahla zesundu, ezithengiswa ezitolo zezimbali.
Bone usuku lwesundu
Izinsuku zivame ukusakazwa ngembewu. Ukuze ukhule, kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu evela ezithelweni ezintsha, njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, ukuhluma kwehla, futhi ukubonakala kwamahlumela kungenza unyaka ngemuva kokutshala.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu yosuku igcinwa emanzini afudumele (ama-30- 30 degrees) izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ungatshala imbewu engxenyeni ese-peat-sand substrate noma engxenyeni engaphansi yezingqimba: phansi kuyadonsa, maphakathi kuyindawo yesod, phezulu isihlabathi esinamahlamvu aqoshiwe.
Isendlalelo esilungiselelwe simunyiswe ngamanzi, imbewu iyatshalwa futhi imbozwe nge-moss noma ngesihlabathi. Izithombo zingalindelwa ngosuku lwe-20-25. Ukuhluma okuphumelelayo, ukunisela okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokugcina izinga lokushisa lisukela ema-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees kuyadingeka. Izihlahla zesundu ezikhuphukayo zidluliselwa enhlabathini, zihlanganisa umhlaba we-sod okhanyayo, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus, ezithathwe ngokwesilinganiso 2: 1: 1.
Ukuchelela okuthe xaxa kwezitshalo ezitshalwe kabusha kwenziwa futhi kubekwa endaweni enokhanyayo, enomthunzi kusuka elangeni eliqondile.
