Entwasahlobo yokuqala, amagatsha esitshalo esimangazayo ashisa amalangabi abomvu-orange ezingadini ezingaphambili nasemithanjeni. Iqhakaza i-quince yesiJapan, noma i-genomeles. Izimbali zakhe, o-orange-ophuzi, obomvu, obomvu okumnyama, o-orange okhanyayo, omhlophe noma okhanyayo opinki, ofudumeza iso, ophakamisa imood. Qamba esimweni sentwasahlobo. Isihlahla esincane esincanyana, kwesinye isikhathi esinwabuzelayo siyisimangaliso sezithelo, isithelo saso sisetshenziswa ekhemisi elikhulu lemvelo lezinto ezaziwa njengemithi "ephilayo".
IGenomeles yaseJapan, noma i-quince yaseJapan (Chaenomeles japonica).I-quince yaseJapan emndenini opinki (Rosaceae) inikezwe uhlobo oluhlukile lweHenomeles (Ama-Chaenomeles), okwamanje emelelwa yizinhlobo ezi-6. Kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia kanye neCIS phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur, ukuqashelwa nokusatshalaliswa okukhulu kakhulu kwaba I-Henomeles Japanese, noma quince Japanese (Chaenomeles japonica).
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sithelo esimangalisayo yiJapan. Izithelo nezimbali zomhlobiso wokuqhakaza zezimbali zikhula kabanzi eJapan naseChina. I-quince yaseJapan yafika eYurophu nase-Asia kuphela ngekhulu le-18 futhi ngenxa yomsuka wayo kanye nokusebenziseka kwayo kwaqala ukusakazeka ngokushesha ezingadini ezizimele nasemakamelweni ehlobo.
Njengesilimo sezithelo, i-quince Japanese ibhekisela ekuqaleni. Iqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka emi-3-4 nangesihlahla esisodwa, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, ungafinyelela izithelo ezifika ku-4-6 kg, kanti izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu zakha isithelo esenziwe ngesimo se-apula enesisindo esingaba ngu-50-70 g.I-pulp yezithelo zaseJapan quince imvamisa iphuzi noma i-orange, bese isikhumba siqhakaze noma uphuzi ophuzi, kwesinye isikhathi izimbali ezimhlophe-zipinki. Izithelo zeHenomeles zihlukaniswa yiphunga elimnandi elimnandi likalamusi nezinye izithelo. Kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile, ahlala emagatsheni.
I-quince yaseJapan yasakazeka
I-quince yaseJapan, noma i-genomeles ikhula kahle emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, e-Asia Ephakathi. Kuyamangaza eMoldova, e-Ukraine, eBelarus, eCrimea naseCaucasus. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasendaweni ephakathi neRussia, ama-genomeles aseJapan ajwayele ukuba ne-frostbite eziqongweni zamagatsha. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezibandayo, ama-quince aseJapan avame ukutshalwa emahlathini noma ezinwabuzelayo, futhi amboza ubusika (aphonse iqhwa noma alungiselele indawo yokukhosela yesikhashana). Eningizimu nasezindaweni ezinobusika obufudumele, obunamaqabunga, abalimi be-amateur bakha leli siko lengadi ngesihlahla esiningi esibonisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwaso akukho ngaphezu kuka-2,5-3.0 m.
Izimbali quince japaneseIzinzuzo zeJapan Quince Njengesiko Lezithelo
Zonke izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana zilusizo engadini, kepha i-quince yaseJapan inezinzuzo eziningi phezu kwayo.
- Izilinganiso zaseJapan azesabi amaqabunga kuya ku-25 ° C. Ngesembozo seqhwa esiphakeme, noma ezifundeni ezibandayo ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu angeneme, kuvame ukusinda.
- I-quince yaseJapan ibonakala ngekhono layo lokunciphisa eliphakeme, futhi ukuqhwa kwemikhawulo yamagatsha akuphazamisi isivuno sezitshalo jikelele.
- IGenomeles iJapan empeleni ayidingi ukuthambisa, ukumelana nesomiso.
- IGenomeles iyindlela yokubekezelela ukungcola komoya kweJapan. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, iyakhula futhi ithele izithelo endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50.
- Izithelo ze-genomeles zaseJapan ekushiseni kuka + 2 ... 3 ° C zigcinwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo kuze kube nguFebhuwari-Mashi.
Izici zokupholisa ze- "ulamula osenyakatho"
Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okumuncu kokudonsela phansi, abomdabu babiza ulamula wasenyakatho waseJapan. Okuqukethwe Vitamin "C" ezithelweni ze-henomeles kuphakama kaningana kunolamula. Aqukethe cishe wonke amaqembu amavithamini, kufaka phakathi i-P, E, F, B, ama-organic acid, ama-macro- kanye nama-micronutrients nezinye izinto ezibalulekile kubantu.
Izithelo ze-quince zaseJapan zisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezisemthethweni nezendabuko. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium, banekhono lokunciphisa umfutho wegazi futhi bavikele nezinkinga zesistimu yenhliziyo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-pectins ane-ascorbic acid ezitsheni ze-henomeles kufaka isandla ekususweni kwezinsimbi ezisindayo nama-radionuclides emzimbeni, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezine-ecology emnyama. Ama-tannins ahambisana nama-pectins anomphumela wokwelapha ezinqubweni zokuvuvukala. Ukulungiswa kwembewu namaqabunga kuyindlela yokwelapha yonke indawo yokushiswa nezinkinga zesikhumba, nejusi yezifo zamaphaphu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-quince yaseJapan ekuphekeni
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaseli we-stony ku-pulp, izithelo ze-quince zaseJapan zinobukhulu kakhulu, zinokunambitheka kwe-astringent futhi azisetshenziswa ngendlela eluhlaza. Lapho kusetshenzwa, baba yinto edla ubhedu. Amakhompiyutha, ukulondolozwa, ama-jellies, izithelo ezinamaswidi, abhakwe, ngendlela yezokwelapha, ama-tinctures amnandi futhi anempilo kangangokuba namuhla anendawo efanelekile kumenyu yemindeni eminingi.
IGenomeles Japanese, noma iJapan Quince (Chaenomeles japonica)Ungakhula kanjani ama-quince waseJapan?
I-quince yaseJapan iyaphawuleka ngokuzithoba kwayo okuphezulu kuzimo zokutshala kwayo. I-Quince yisitshalo saseJapan esenziwe impova futhi idinga impova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo udinga ukukhanya okuhle.
Eminyakeni engu-12 edlule ngithole izithombo ezi-3 zezinhlobonhlobo ze-quince yaseJapan futhi ngatshala eceleni kocingo, lapho kungekho sithunzi, kude le-3 amamitha ukusuka komunye nomunye. Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zikhula ngohlobo lwezihlahla. Azisekho ezinye izitshalo ezinesineke esizeni sami. Azikho izinhlekelele zezulu ngesimo samazinga okushisa, iqhwa lasentwasahlobo kuya ku -8 ... -10 ° C, ubusika obungenawo iqhwa abuzange buphazamise ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla zaseJapan henomeles. Namanje zisakha ngonyaka izithelo ezingama-2,5-3.0 kg esihlahleni, ezinesisindo esingu-35-40 g.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokutshala ama-genomeles
I-quince yaseJapan ikhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya ku-clayey, ukusuka ku-acidic kuya ku-alkali (pH = 6-8). On nenhlabathi enama-alkaline kakhulu, isiko libambezela ukukhula, kunciphisa umkhiqizo, lishintsha umbala wamaqabunga. Ngokwemvelo, ukhula kangcono kulabo abavundile abane-pH = 6-7.
I-quince yaseJapan ingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo entwasahlobo nasekwindla, enezithombo ezineminyaka engu-2 ubudala. Imigodi yokutshala ilungiswa ngosayizi wobukhulu bohlelo lwezimpande, ibeka kuwo ngo-1.5-2.0 m. Ngitshala izithombo engizithengile entwasahlobo.
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aqinile angadala ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande. Kulokhu, khetha indawo ephakeme noma yenza amanzi akhanyayo. Ukulungisa ukutshala izithombo ze-genomeles engikuthengile bekungadingeki.
I-quince yaseJapan ikhula ngesineke ngaphandle komanyolo, kepha uma isetshenziswa, yakha izithelo ezinkulu kanye nesivuno esikhudlwana. Ngakho-ke, phezu kwenhlabathi engaphumeleli ekwakhekeni nasekuvundeni, kufakwa umanyolo womanyolo kanye nezimbiwa ngaphansi kokutshala ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zomhlabathi wamakhemikhali nowamakhemikhali. Ngixubene nenhlabathi ebhakedeni le-humus (ungasebenzisa umquba ovuthiwe) nge-150 g ye-superphosphate ne-40 g ye-potassium sulfate emgodini wokufika. Ingxube yayixubene kahle. I-quince sapling yaseJapan yabekwa enkabeni yomgodi wokutshala futhi yagcwaliswa ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ukuya phakathi. Cishe kwagcotshwa ibhakede lamanzi kwathi ngemuva kokuwunyusa, kwahlanganiswa yonke ingxube ngaphezulu kwesihla somgodi. Intamo yezimpande ishiywe ezingeni lomhlabathi. Ukujula kwentamo yezimpande kuholela ekwakhiweni kokudubula okukhulu.
IGenomeles Japanese, noma iJapan Quince (Chaenomeles japonica)Ukunakekelwa kwe-quince yaseJapan
Ukunisela
Ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo zaseJapan ze-genomeles zaziniselwa ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-2-3. Eminyakeni engu-2 elandelayo, ukuthambisa kwenziwa ezinyangeni ezi-1-2 uma kunesidingo. Izimpande zeJapan quince zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-4,5 futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuzimela ehlathini ngomswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba.
Ukufaka ama-genomeles amaJapan
I-quince yaseJapan ingakwenza ngaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu, kepha ukwandisa umkhiqizo futhi wandise izithelo, isiko londliwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngonyaka. Entwasahlobo, kumanyolo okugcwele noma kwe-nitrogen kuvame ukufakwa (i-ammonium nitrate, urea, nitrophosphate, kemir), futhi ekwindla, umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium ufakwa ku-80-100 no-40-50 g, ngokulandelana, ehlathini noma ngendlela yesisombululo sama-10 l amanzi.
Iminyaka emine yokuqala ngichithe 2 ngondla, ngabe sengishintshela kweyodwa. Imvamisa kuphekelwa entwasahlobo ngomanyolo ogcwele (nitrophos noma kemira). Eminyakeni engu-4 edlule, angizange ngondle noma ngiqede i-quince yaseJapan. Ukunciphiswa kwesithelo akukabonakali.
I-Japanese Genomeles ithenwe
Izihlahla wenziwa sanitary, ngonyaka ngemuva zezimbali kanye anti-ukuguga, emva kweminyaka engu-5-6. Ngokuthenwa kwenhlanzeko, amagobongo akhulisa ingaphakathi lomqhele, amahlumela amaningi ama-quince aseJapan, aqandisiwe futhi omile, futhi asondele enhlabathini asuswe. Ngokuthena okudala ukuguga, amagatsha aneminyaka engu-5-6 asuswa. Zithwele kancane.
Njalo ngonyaka ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, ngangifaka izihlahla zami ezweni ukuzithumela kwendle. Sekuvele kwenziwa ukuthenwa kokuguga kabili. Okusho ukuthi, nginqume amagatsha ehlobo ayi-6 (acishe azange athele izithelo). Ngalesi sikhathi, minyaka yonke ngangisusa ihlumela lonke, ngishiya amagatsha ama-3 kuphela. Entwasahlobo ka-3 kwesokunxele, omunye obuthakathaka wanqunywa entanyeni yezimpande. Ngo-6 no-11, uthole izihlahla ezivuselelwa kabusha kusuka kumagatsha ayi-12-16 kanye nele-12-16 ngokulandelana. Isihlahla esivame ukukhula kufanele sibe nezithombo ezingama-15-16.
Ezifundeni ezifudumele, i-quince yaseJapan ingakhiwa ngesihlahla esine-multi-stem. Shiya iziqu eziyi-3-5. Ezingeni le-50 cm, wonke amagatsha aseceleni namahlamvu asusiwe. Lokhu kuyindinganiso, futhi ngaphezulu bakha umqhele ofana nezihlahla ezijwayelekile.
I-genomeles yaseJapan, noma i-quince yaseJapan ngesikhathi sokuqhakazaUkuvikelwa kwama-genomeles ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
I-quince yaseJapan ayidingi zindlela zokuzivikela. Azikho izifo noma izinambuzane eziyingozi emasikweni ezihlonziwe. Kepha kwezinye izifunda, ngokusho kwabalimi, ama-aphid kanye ne-powdery isikhutha bavele. Izindlela zokuvikela ziyefana kuma-currants nakwamanye amahlahla ezithelo.
Izindlela zokusakazwa kwama-genomeles aseJapan
I-quince yaseJapan isatshalaliswa ngembewu nangokwe-vegetatively (ngokwenziwa, ukusikwa okuluhlaza okotshani, izimpande zezimpande).
Imbewu ye-quince yaseJapan idinga ukuhlukaniswa, ngakho-ke ukusakazeka kwembewu kulula ukufeza ekwindla. Imbewu esisanda kukhiwa ihlwanyelwa embhedeni ohlukile. Ebusika, imbewu ihlangana ngokuhlangana kwemvelo futhi kwentwasahlobo ihlangane. Izithombo ezikhulile ngonyaka wesibili zisikwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula futhi kutshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo. Ukufakelwa kungenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kulula uma udinga izinto zokutshala ukuvikela isiza noma umhlobiso.
Ukuze ulondoloze izakhiwo zezinhlobonhlobo zomama zama-genomeles aseJapan, kungcono ukusabalalisa isiko ngobungcweti. Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwe-quince yaseJapan kuyenziwa kanye nasezihlahleni eziqhakazayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo ye-quince yaseJapan yokulinywa ehlobo
Uhlobo lweGenomeles luhlanganisa izinhlobo zemvelo eziningana kanye nenzalo e-Russia: Quince yaseJapan (henomeles yaseJapan), ama-henomeles amahle nama-henomeles amahle kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-500 zazalwe ngesisekelo sazo, kepha ezimeni zezulu zaseRussia kuphela ingxenye encane (kuze kufinyelele ku-40 izinhlobo) ezikhule ngempumelelo ezimeni zezifunda maphakathi ne-chernozem, umugqa ophakathi nendawo, e-Far East kanti izinhlobo eziningana ziveza izithelo enyakatho (Ural, Leningrad Region). Ezifundeni ezibandayo, ama-henomeles adinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika.
Ezifundeni ezibandayo zaseRussia, ikakhulukazi ama-quince aseJapan akhule (i-genomelesa yaseJapan). Izinhlobo ze-quince zaseJapan zibonakaliswa ukumelana nesithwathwa nokuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukusuka ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu ezinezithelo zaseJapan quince, umuntu angancoma izinhlobo zeVitamin, iNika, iCaliph, Nina. Bakha izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-80-100 g, ezihlukaniswa yiphunga elishiwoyo, ikhwalithi ephezulu yokugcina, ukujikeleza okubuthaka kwamagatsha nokumelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Izinhlobonhlobo zeJapan genomeles Volgogradsky zimelele ukumelana kwazo kakhulu nesomiso, azonakaliswa yizifo nezinambuzane, ziqinile, kepha izithelo zincane - kuya ku-35-40 g, yize zinephunga elimnandi.
E-dacha yami, izinhlobo ze-quince zeJapan Volgograd, Vitamin neNikolai ziyakhula. Babekezelela ukwahluka kobusika baseningizimu nobusika entwasahlobo kahle. Izithelo azinkulu, 35-50 g, kepha izihlahla zithela izithelo minyaka yonke futhi empeleni azidingi ukunakekelwa, ngaphandle kokusika ukuhlanzeka nokulwa nokuguga.
Ezinhlotsheni zezithelo zaseJapan quince, ama-genomeles amahle (aphezulu) asenkabeni yeRussia nezindawo ezisenyakatho maphakathi nezwe, okulandelayo, okufuywa ngabazalisi baseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kodwa kuhlolwe eRussia nase-Ukraine: Kunconywa iDiana, iNivalis, Merlusi nabanye. Amabhasi 1.5-2.0 m mude. Umbala wezimbali ukhilimu ophuzi, omhlophe, okhanyayo opinki. Izithelo ezifika ku-80 g ziphuzi noma ziphuzi ngombala obomvu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-genomeles amahle kakhulu azalwa njengomhlobiso.
IGenomeles Japanese, noma iJapan Quince (Chaenomeles japonica)Ungasithola kanjani isivuno esihle se-quince yaseJapan?
Ukuze ukhule ama-henomeles amakhulu anezithelo ezweni, udinga ukukhetha ukuhlukahluka okuvela kwikhathalogu. Jwayelana nezimpawu zayo zemvelo kanye nezidingo zokunikeza izakhamzimba.
Sicela wazi! Ngokuhlinzeka okuphansi kwezakhi zomzimba, izihlahla ezingathenjwanga, ikakhulukazi ezilwa nokuguga, izithelo ze-quince zaseJapan zizobe zihle, kanti nenyama izoba coarser.
