Yew

Isitshalo se-yew (Taxus), esibizwa nangokuthi yew, siyilungu lomndeni wew. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zeConifers nezihlahlana, ezaziwa ngokukhula kancane. Izinhlobo ezi-3 zitholakala e-Asia, kubandakanya naseMpumalanga Ekude, izinhlobo ezi-1 zitholakala enyakatho ye-Afrika naseYurophu, kanti izinhlobo ezi-4 zitholakala eNyakatho Melika. Lesi siko sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, sisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba, ngoba i-yew ayithobeki futhi ihlobisa kakhulu, kepha ezimweni zemvelo lesi sitshalo sivame kakhulu minyaka yonke.

Izici Yew

Abamele izakhi zohlobo lwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo. Amagxolo abomvu ansundu wesitshalo esinjalo anesikali. Umqhele unesimo se-ovoid-cylindrical, imvamisa ngama-vertex amaningi. Amagatsha abekwa esiqwini ngokushaywa amakhala. Izinaliti ezicwebezelayo nezithambile zidwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani obomvu, zibekwa emagatsheni alandelana ngemigqa emibili, nakuzo iziqu - ngokuxhamazela. Izinaliti ngobude zingafinyelela ku-20-35 mm. Ukwakhiwa kwezithelo ezibomvu kubonwa ezihlahleni zabesifazane; amajikijolo anjalo ahlala emagatsheni kuze kufike isikhathi sobusika. Ukuphakama kwe-shrub yew cishe akukaze kweqe ku-10 m, ngenkathi ukubukeka okufana nesihlahla kungaphakama kuno-20-30 m, kuthi isiqu sawo ububanzi sifinyelela kumamitha amane. Kwisitjalo esinjalo, ukhuni lunezinto ezingama-antibacterial, ngoba ama-phytoncides amaningi afakiwe ekwakhiweni kwawo. Ukusuka kulo yenza ifenisha noma phansi phansi endlini, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuvikela ikhaya ezifweni. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sinezokhuni ezibaluleke kangako, esidume ngokuthi yi-"Negus-Tree", sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu.

I-Yew ingaphila iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu, futhi iyahlukahluka ngokuthi ikwazi ukwelulama ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthena izihlahla, ukuze umlimi akwazi ukudala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene emqheleni wakhe. Noma kunjalo isiko elinjalo liyahluka ngoba lithanda kakhulu umthunzi, kepha futhi likhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokukhulisa i-yew, khona-ke khumbula ukuthi kuzo zonke izingxenye zayo iqukethe ubuthi.

Ukutshala kwangaphandle yew

Isikhathi sokutshala

Ukutshala i-yew emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, isitshalo esinjalo sitshalwa ngo-Okthoba, endaweni leyo, ngokusho komgcini wegadi, ilungele kakhulu lokhu. Uma esifundeni lapho i-yew izokhuliswa khona, isikhathi sasehlobo sifushane nje, khona-ke kunconywa ukusitshala endaweni ehlobo eledlule noma amasonto okuqala ekwindla, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kufanele ukhethe izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle. Uma isithombo sinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe, khona-ke ingatshalwa kuso sonke isikhathi sokukhula, kepha le nqubo kufanele iphothulwe ngu-Okthoba ezindaweni ezinobusika obuthambile, futhi kungakapheli ingxenye yokuqala kaSeptemba ezifundeni ezinezimo sezulu ezibanda kakhulu namahlobo amafushane.

Kufanele sizame ukuvikela isitshalo esinjalo kokubhaliwe okungenani eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala isithombo enhlabathini evulekile. I-Yew iyanconywa ukuba ikhule emhlabathini ovulekile, okhanyayo futhi ovundile, ukwakheka kwawo kungalingana nalokhu okulandelayo: isihlabathi, i-peat kanye neqabunga noma umhlaba we-turf (2: 2: 3). Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ikhula kahle ngokwanele emhlabathini ompofu. Inhlabathi enomswakama ngokweqile noma ene-asidi ayifaneleki ngokuphelele kulesi sitshalo.

Imithetho yokufakelwa

Ukutshala isithombo, kudingeka ulungiselele umgodi, obukhulu bawo okungenani bube ngu-0,7 m, ngenkathi ububanzi bawo kufanele bube ngu-0,2 m ubukhulu kunesilinganiso sohlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo oluthathwe nge-clod yomhlaba. Ukwakha uthango, kunconywa ukutshala izithombo emseleni, ukujula kwawo kufanele kube yi-0.5-0.7 m. Ibanga elingama-150-200 cm kufanele libonwe phakathi kwezihlahla, ngenkathi kufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-50 cm lapho utshala uthango. Lapho umgodi usulungile, kufanele kwenziwe ungqimba omuhle wamanzi ngaphansi kwawo, ubukhulu bawo kufanele bube ngamamitha ayi-01.2 Izitini ezaphukile, itshe elichotshoziwe, isihlabathi somfula noma amatshe angabunjiwe angasebenza njengezinto zokudonsa amanzi.

Isithombo esitsheni kumele siphuziswe kahle, emva kwalokho sikhishwe ngokucophelela esitsheni bese sifakwa emgodini wokufika. Isikhala samahhala emgodini kumele sigcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi esele ilungiselelwe (bheka ukwakheka ngaphezulu), lapho udinga ukufaka khona umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Ukwenza isibonelo, ungasebenzisa iNitroammofosku (ilitha elilodwa lomhlabathi 1 gram), iKemiru universal (1 m² inhlanganisela yenhlabathi amagremu ayi-100) noma i-sulfate yethusi (ilitha elilodwa lomhlaba amagremu ayi-15). Ngemuva kokutshala sekuphothuliwe, intamo yezimpande yesitshalo kufanele igcwale ebusweni besiqephu. Lapho i-yew itshalwe, inhlabathi ezungeze ihlathi kufanele inyathelwe kahle. Inisele kahle, futhi ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungene ngokuphelele enhlabathini, ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu kufanele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (i-peat noma umquba).

Yew Ukunakekelwa Engadini

Ukhula yew engadini yakho kulula. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa ngendlela ehlelekile kanye nokukhulula umhlabathi, kanti isiyingi saso sesiqu kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlanzekile. Amabhishi amasha kufanele ambozwe ubusika, futhi entwasahlobo adinga ukuvikeleka ekushisweni yilanga. Kunconywe futhi ukuthi kwenziwe ngokuhlelekile izindlela zokwelapha ezizosiza ukuvikela izihlahla ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sikhula, singadinga ukuthenwa njalo.

Ukunisela nokukhulula

Izihlahla zeYew ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala zidinga ukuniselwa ngendlela ehlelekile. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe isikhathi esisodwa emavikini ama-4, kuyilapho i-1 bush yokuphuza eyi-1 ingadla amalitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15 amanzi. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zidinga ukuchelela kakhulu, njengomthetho, zinamanzi anele emvula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ezinjalo ziyakwazi, uma kunesidingo, ukukhipha uketshezi ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi, uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande lubasize kulokhu. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sesomiso isikhathi eside, lesi sitshalo kumele sinikezwe ngokuchelela okuhleliwe, kanye nokufafaza umqhele. Inhlabathi enomswakama isiyingi esiseduze kufanele isulwe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seminyaka emithathu yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala yew enhlabathini evulekile. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke kuqhuma uqweqwe emhlabathini, oluzovimba ukufinyelela kwe-oksijini ohlelweni lwezimpande. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokubopha, kubalulekile ukukhipha wonke ukhula, ngoba izinambuzane zivame ukuhlala kuzo. Uma kunesifiso sokunciphisa inani lokhula, ukukhulula kanye nokunisela, khona-ke ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu kufanele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (izinaliti, i-peat noma i-sawdust), ukushuba kwawo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-10.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala isihlahla yonke imanyolo edingekayo ingeniswa enhlabathini, lapho-ke kuzokwanela yena unyaka wonke. Lapho-ke ukugqoka okuphezulu emhlabathini kuzodinga ukufakwa minyaka yonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-Kemiru-universal (1 m² Amagremu ayi-100) noma iNitroammofosku (nge-1 m² kusuka kuma-50 kuya kwangama-70 amagremu).

Izihlahla

Isitshalo esinjalo sibonakaliswa ngokukhula okuhamba kancane, kulokhu, eminyakeni yokuqala, akudingi ukuncitshiswa. Izihlahla nezihlahla zabantu abadala zibolekiswa kahle ekwakhiweni komqhele. Ngisho nokuthena okunamandla ngokweqile ngeke sikwazi ukubalimaza. Iziqu zidinga ukufinyezwa kungabi ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yobude. Qiniseka ukuthi usika wonke amagatsha omisiwe, kanye namagatsha athintwe yisithwathwa noma izifo. Ukunciphisa isitshalo kunconywa ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli ngaphambi kokuvuvukala.

Ukufakelwa

Kunconywa ukufakelwa isivuno esinjalo entwasahlobo, kuyilapho inhlabathi kufanele ifudunyezwe kahle. Ukuqala, kufanele ukhethe isayithi futhi wenze umgodi wokufika osayizi odingekayo (bona ngenhla ngemininingwane eminingi). Susa isihlahla bese usibeka emgodini omusha wesisekelo, kuyilapho intamo yomsuka ekugcineni kokutshala kufanele ibe sezingeni elifanayo nangobubanzi bendawo. Ekupheleni kokufakelwa, lesi sitshalo siniselwa amanzi amaningi, futhi ingaphezulu limbozwe ungqimba lwe-mulch (izinto eziphilayo).

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izinambuzane

Ama-yews angalinyazwa yizinambuzane ezinjengezinyongo midges kanye ne-yew scaffolds, okuyizinambuzane ezincelisayo, kanye nezinaliti zomhlwayi kanye ne-scoops zikaphayini kungakulimaza - izinaliti zikaphayini. Esihlahleni lapho izinambuzane eziyingozi zixazulule khona, kugaywa utshani, ukomisa futhi kufe emagatsheni kanye nezinaliti. Ochwepheshe baluleka njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo ukuthi fafaza izihlahla kanye nengaphezulu kwesiyingi sesithungo ngesixazululo seNitrafen noma iKarbofos. Uma izinambuzane eziyingozi zitholakala kulesi simila ngesikhathi sokukhula, khona-ke isihlahla kanye nengaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu kufanele kufafazwe izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngeRogor noma ezinye izindlela ezifanayo. Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa oku-1 akwanele ukuqothula izinambuzane ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, phatha isitshalo isikhathi esengeziwe ngokulungiselela okufanayo.

Izifo

Izifo ezilandelayo ziyingozi kusiko elinje: i-brown shute, phomosis, necrosis ne-fusarium. Izimpawu zezifo ezinjalo zihlukahlukene, noma kunjalo, ushintsho ekubukeni kwezinaliti kufanele lubangele ukukhathazeka. Esikhathini esiningi, i-trauma traical to the cortex inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo, ngenxa yalesi sifo esihlukahlukene sokukhunta singena kulesi sitshalo. Futhi, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zemifino zivame ukugula kakhulu, ukuze kutshalwe lapho kukhethwe khona indawo ephansi enenhlabathi enenhlabathi esindayo. Ukwenza ngcono ukudonswa kwamanzi futhi ususe amanzi amaningi enhlabathini, kuyadingeka ukushayela izingcezu eziningana zepayipi lepulasitiki enhlabathini ezungeze isiqu somgwaqo, ubude bawo okufanele bube cishe ngu-0.3 m, ngenkathi isihlahla esinesifo kufanele sifafazwe nge-biofungicide. Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, i-yew kufanele iphathwe ngesikhunta esiqukethe ithusi.

Yew yokuzalanisa

I-Yew ingasakazwa ngokusikwa nangendlela yembewu. Indlela yokuzala yokuzalwa iyakhanga, futhi izithombo ezikhulwe emhlolweni esikhathini esiningi azigcini izici zokuhlukahluka kwesitshalo somama. Kulokhu, le ndlela yokuzala isetshenziswa kuphela lapho kutshalwa izinhlobo zew noma lapho kuzalwa izinhlobo ezintsha zesiko elinjalo. Kulula futhi kusheshe ukusabalalisa lesi sitshalo ngokusika, kanye nezitshalo ezincane zihlala zizuza izinhlamvu zabazali abahlukahlukene.

Propagate isitshalo esinjalo sisengagonywa esitokisini. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokuzala ifanele ochwepheshe kuphela.

Ukusakazwa kwe-Yew ngokusikwa

Izimbambo zivunwa kusuka kweziqu ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ubudala, kanti ubude bengxenye kufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20. Zivunwa ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba noma ngo-Ephreli noMeyi. Ezisheni, ingxenye engezansi kumele ikhululwe emagxolweni, kuyilapho amaphuzu asikiweyo kufanele aphathwe nge-ejenti ekhulisayo. Ngemuva kwaloko, letihlahla letisetjentisiwe titjalwa emabhubhu, lokufanele kugcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yemhlabatsi lehlanganisa i-peat nesihlabatsi (2: 1). Uma ukusika kwenziwa ekwindla, khona-ke ukusikeka kufanele kugcinwe endaweni efudumele kahle kulo lonke ubusika, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kufanele zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, khona-ke ukuqala ukusika, kunconywa ukutshala ngaphansi kwefilimu endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Futhi ngemuva kokuthatha izimpande, zidluliselwa ezitshalweni zensimu. Isikhathi sokubamba kwezimpawu zokusika cishe izinyanga eziyi-3-4, kuyilapho ngalesi sikhathi inhlabathi ezungezile kufanele ibe nomswakama. Kuyadingeka ukususa indawo yokukhosela kusuka kuma-cuttings kuphela emavikini ehlobo eledlule, kulokhu izitshalo zizoba nesikhathi sokujwayela ukubanda. Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala, izitshalo ezisencane kumele zimbozwe ubusika, okuzosiza ukuvikela uhlelo lwempande eziqandeni.

Khula yew kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Uma imbewu igcinwa kahle, khona-ke ihlala isebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-4. Ochwepheshe beluleka ngokuhlwanyela imbewu esanda kuvuna ekwindla. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kuhlehliswa kuze kube sentwasahlobo, lapho-ke kuyodingeka kuhlukaniswe ngamakhaza, ngoba lokhu zigcinwa okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha esiqandisini ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-3 kuye kwangama-5. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhluma kwembewu kuzokhula kakhulu. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngoMashi, ngoba lokhu, iziqukathi zigcwele ingxube yenhlabathi engaphambi kwegciwane. Bangcwatshwa isigamu samasentimitha, ingaphezulu lesitsha kumele limbozwe ngefilimu, bese ihlanza endaweni efudumele. Izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele ngemuva kwamaviki ayisishiyagalombili, lapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu engakaze ihlukaniswe, ingavela kuphela emva kweminyaka eyi-1-3. Eminyakeni embalwa emva kokuhluma kwembewu, izitshalo ezikhulile kufanele zigundwe embhedeni endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ngemuva kweminye iminyaka emi-2, i-yew itshalwe esikoleni. Izitshalo lapho zizokhula iminyaka emithathu noma emi-4, emva kwalokho izithombo zingadluliselwa endaweni eyiyo.

Yhu ebusika

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Autumn

Lapho iqabunga lehliwa, isitshalo sizodinga ukufafazwa ukuze kuvikele izinambuzane nezifo, ngoba lokhu kuzodingeka usebenzise isixazululo sokulungiselela ukhunta. Izihlahla ezisencane, ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemithathu, zidinga ukumbozwa ubusika, ngoba lokhu, umbuthano wesiqu unembozwe ngesendlalelo samahlamvu omisiwe wezinhlobonhlobo zomhlobiso noma i-peat, ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube ukusuka ku-50 kuye ku-70 mm. Izihlahla ezincane zinamagatsha abuthaka kakhulu futhi angalimala kalula ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa, kumele adonswe ngokucophelela esiqwini bese edonswa esixukwini.

Ubusika

Uma kulindeleke ukuthi kufike iqhwa ebusika, khona-ke iww ingathikamezeka kakhulu ngenxa yesithwathwa esinamandla. Ukuvimbela lokhu, isihlahla kufanele sigoqwe nge-lutrasil noma nge-spanbond, kodwa okokuqala udinga ukufaka uhlaka, ngoba udinga ukuba nesikhala samahhala phakathi kwesihlahla nezinto zokumboza. Ukumboza i-yew nge-burlap akunconywa, ngoba ngesikhathi sethamba liba manzi, bese limbozwa ngeqhwa. Kungcono futhi ukuthi ungasebenzisi izinto eziphahla uphahla ne-polyethylene ngale njongo, ngoba lokhu kusebenza akuvumeli umoya ukuba ungene emagatsheni. Kuyadingeka ukususa indawo yokukhosela entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isifudumeze kahle. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukuvikela i-yew elangeni ngqo ngaphambi kokukhula kokukhula okusha, ngoba entwasahlobo ilanga lisebenza kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, lingabhekana nobunzima obukhulu. Entwasahlobo, esimweni sezulu esinomoya futhi esingenamafu, uhlelo lwezimpande olungakatholakali ngokuphelele alukwazi ukumunca amanzi ngokujwayelekile, ngasikhathi sinye ukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo kwenalithi ngezinaliti kuyabhekwa, yingakho izihlahla zeww zilimala kalula. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi lesi sitshalo sidinga ukubola kusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zeww ngezithombe namagama

Ngezansi kuzochazwa lezo zinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-yew ezidume kakhulu.

I-Yew Canadian (Taxus canadensis)

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla samanga esinjeya njengesihlahla somanga asidluli ku-200 cm, izwe lakubo lingamahlathi asempumalanga Melika. Iziqu zimfushane futhi zimbozwe ngenaliti enkulu, amagatsha enyuka. Izinaliti zinesimo esigoqekile se-sickle, zikhonjwa ngokuqinile. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwezinaliti lube nombala ophuzi ophuzi, kanti uhlangothi olungezansi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo elula. Ukubuka kunokuphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa. I-yew enjalo iyakwazi ukubekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa elingama-35 degrees, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izakhiwo ezinjalo zivela kuphela lapho isihlahla sifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu yobudala. Amafomu alandelayo aziwa:

1. Aurea. Ukuphakama kwesihlahlana esinamagatsha anamanzi angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-100. Izinaliti zincane futhi zipendwe ophuzi.
2. I-Pyramidalis. Isihlahla esinjalo esigaxekile esencane sinesimo somqhele we-pyramidal, bese siyadedelwa.

I-Yew spiky (i-Taxus cuspidata)

Lolu hlobo luvikelwe futhi luyavikelwa. Emvelweni, kutholakala eKorea, Manchuria, eFar East naseJapan. Imvamisa, ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinjalo kungamamitha ayi-7, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela kumamitha angama-20.Uhlobo olunjalo lusakwazi ukumelwa yi-shrub efinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Ukuma komqhele akujwayelekile noma okusaqanda, kuyilapho amagatsha ebekwa ngokuvundlile. Iziqu ezisencane, kanye ne-petioles, zinombala ophuzi ophuzi, umbala ubukhali kakhulu ngaphansi. Amapuleti amaqabunga abanzi anesimo se-crescent, kuyilapho umthambo ophakathi uvela. Ingxenye ephezulu yezinaliti idwetshwe kusuka eluhlaza okotshani kuya ocishe ube mnyama, kanti ingxenye engezansi yombala onsomi. Imbewu ekhonjiwe kancane enomfanekiso obumbekile, izungezwe yisithombo esinamanzi ngombala obomvu noma opinki kufinyelela kuhafu wobude. Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, kepha isihlahla esincane sidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Izimo zokuhlobisa ezidumile:

1. UCrohn uyakhululeka futhi ubanzi. Amagatsha amade akhuphukayo anombala onsundu onsundu. Ukwakheka kwezinalithi ezingavamile kuyinto enesikhumba esijana, kusuka ngaphansi ziphuzi ngokuphuzi, futhi kusuka phezulu - luhlaza okotshani.
2. Nana. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esiphansi okunjalo kungamasentimitha ayi-100. Amagatsha anamandla futhi asakazekile. UCrohn unesimo esingajwayelekile. Izinaliti zi-fluffy kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwezinaliti eziluhlaza obumnyama kuqondile, futhi ngobude zifinyelela ku-25 mm.
3. UMinima. Leli fomu lincane kakhulu kuleli hlobo. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla, njengomthetho, akwedluli kumamitha ayi-0.3. Umbala weziqu un nsundu, izinaliti ziluhlaza obumnyama, ziyamenyezelwa futhi zinomumo oblong-lanceolate.
4. Ukulima. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esimfushane kanjena kungama-200 cm, futhi umqhele waso ungqimba ufinyelela kuma-350 cm. Phezu kwegxolo elibomvu onsundu kukhona amabala aphaphathekile, izinaliti ezikhombewe zidwetshwe kuluhlaza obumnyama, zihlelwe kahle.
5. Wenhlokodolobha. Isitshalo esinjalo sinefomu lowesilisa nowesifazane. Ineziqu ezingama-1 noma ngaphezulu. Ukwakheka komqhele kunguqukovidnaya ngokuqinile.
6. Columnaris. Ngefomu elinamakholomu abanzi kangako, izinaliti zinombala omnyama.
7. Umdanso. Umqhele wendlela enjalo yabesifazane ubanzi futhi ucindezelwe kakhulu. Eminyakeni engu-50, isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1,2, kanti umqhele waso ungamamitha ayi-6. Umbala wezinaliti uluhlaza okotshani.
8. Ukunwebeka. Isihlahla sinesimo sevase, kepha asinaso isiqu esimaphakathi. Lapho iminyaka yakhe ineminyaka engama-20, khona-ke ukuphakama nobubanzi bayo buba cishe ngamasentimitha angama-300. Lesi simo sithandwa kakhulu e-United States of America.

I-Yeew-leaved (i-Тахus burvifolia = Тахus baccata var. Brevifolia)

Lesi sitshalo sivela engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Umbono ungamelwa yizihlahla, ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-15-25, kanye nezihlahlana - cishe amamitha ayi-5, umqhele unesimo esisebanzi, amagxolo azungezwe izingcezu. Amagatsha atholakala ngqo esiqwini ancanyana; amagatsha ancike kancanyana. Izinaliti ezibukhali zibukiswe ngombala ohlaza okotshani, ubude bazo bubalelwa ku-20 mm, nobubanzi - 2 mm. Izinaliti zibekwe ngemigqa emibili. Ukwakheka kwembewu enamacala amabili kukhona i-ovoid, afinyelela kubude obuyi-0.5 cm, kuthi phezulu afakwe izithombo zombala obomvu ogcwele.

I-Yew berry (i-Taxus baccata)

Lolu hlobo lutholakala ngokwemvelo esifundeni sase-Asia Minor, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, naseCaucasus; lincamela ukukhula emahlathini asezintabeni esihlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi nenhlabathi emanzi. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo kungamamitha ayi-17-27. Ubujamo bomqhele obufiphalako, umqhele obuthuntu buyi-ovoid-cylindrical; buye bunamabala amaningi. Isiqu saso sibunjiwe, futhi ngaphezulu kwaso kukhona ukugqwala kombala obomvana. Njengoba izitshalo zikhula, amagxolo aqala ukukhipha amapuleti. Izinaliti zihlelwe ngokuqondile, futhi emagatsheni agxiliwe ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Ingaphezulu lenalithi elisicaba liyimibalabala futhi luhlaza okotshani, kanti phansi liyimpuphu eluhlaza okotshani. Imbewu imbozwe ngezithombo ezijulile ezibomvu. Isitshalo esinjalo sinezindlela eziningi zasengadini, ezithandwa kakhulu, zahlanganiswa sazo. Ngokuvamile ezingadini kunezindlela ezinjengokuthi:

1. Icwebile. Ukuphakama kwefomu elinjalo elimfushane kungafinyelela okungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-100. Ukwakheka komqhele kuyindilinga, ububanzi kufinyelela kumitha eyi-1. Amagatsha ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo esiqwini. Ingaphezulu lenalithi ye-crescent linombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala, futhi phansi lincane ngombala.
2. Kuqondile. Ukuphakama kwesihlahlana sowesilisa kungamamitha ayi-8. ICrohn ibanzi. Izinaliti ezincanyana nezomnene zinombala ohlaza okotshani.
3. Fastigiata. Ukuphakama kwefomu lowesifazane kungamamitha ayi-5. Umqhele unesimo esinamakholomu obanzi, okuyi-drooping ephezulu. Kunamagatsha amaningi abukhali. Izinaliti ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwesiqu zigoqiwe ngaphakathi futhi zapendwe luhlaza-mnyama.
4. Umqhele weNissens. Ukuphakama kwesihlahlana kungamamitha ayi-2,5, futhi esiphambanweni umqhele wawo ungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-8. Kepha lapho sikhule phakathi kokuphakati, ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinjalo akudluli isilinganiso sekhava yeqhwa. Amagxolo amancane anombala onsundu obomvu. Izinaliti eziluhlaza ezihlanganisiwe zenziwe ngenaliti.
5. Ukunwebeka. Ukuphakama kwesihlahlana esinwabuzelayo kungathi isigamu semitha, futhi ububanzi bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5. Amagatsha ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo acindezelwa phezulu kwenhlabathi. Ukwakheka kwezinalithi ezicwebezelayo kunombala obomvu, okuphezulu kwawo kupendwe ngombala omnyama oluhlaza okotshani. Futhi indawo engezansi yezinaliti iyisicaba futhi inombala okhanyayo. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kulezi zinhlobonhlobo kuphakeme, ngakho-ke kuyathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
6. I-Summergold. Umqhele walezinhlobonhlobo uyisicaba futhi ubanzi. Amagatsha asukuma ngokungacabangi. Ubunjani bezinaliti abunjwe ngesikwere, ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-30 ​​mm, futhi ububanzi bawo bube-3 mm. Izinaliti zinomphetho obanzi wombala ophuzi wegolide.

I-Yew Medium (Imidiya ye-Taxus)

Le-yew isesimweni esiphakathi phakathi kwe-yew berry ne-yew ekhombe. Ukuphakama kwalolu hlobo kukhulu kunokwe-berry yew. Amagatsha amadala anombala we-olive oluluhlaza okotshani, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphansi kwethonya elangeni, athola umbala obomvu ophuzi. Iziqu ziyakhuphuka. Ubude binaliti yezinaliti buba ngu-2.7 cm, futhi ububanzi bufika ku-0.3 cm, bahlelwe ngemigqa emibili futhi bane-midrib ehlukile. Izinhlobo zilwa nesithwathwa nesomiso, zizala kahle ngembewu futhi zinenqwaba yezindlela zokuhlobisa:

1. I-Densiformis. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo sowesifazane kungaba-cm angama-150. Umqhele oyindilinga obufushane obukhulu bufika ku-300 cm.Izinaliti ezintekenteke ezibukhali zinombala ohlaza okotshani, ubude bawo bube cishe ngu-2.2 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo buba ngu-0.3 cm.
2. I-Grandifolia. Isihlahla se-squat. Ubude bezinaliti ezinkulu zombala oluhlaza obumnyama buba malunga ne-3 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo buyi-0.3 cm.
3. I-Hedge Eqondile. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla sowesifazane kungamamitha ayi-5. Umqhele omncane onqenqemeni oyisigamu ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Izinaliti ezigqinsiwe ezinemigqa emibili ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izinaliti zinhle kakhulu.
4. Iwadi. Umqhele wesitshalo sowesifazane onjalo unesimo esiyindilinga esiyindilinga. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-2, futhi ububanzi kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-6. Izinaliti ezimile kancane zinombala oluhlaza okotshani.
5. IsiSabian. Isihlahla esinjalo sowesilisa sibonisa ngokukhula kancane, umqhele ubanzi, futhi phezulu liyisicaba. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esineminyaka engamashumi amabili cishe cishe ngamamitha ayi-1,8, futhi ububanzi baso ngalesi sikhathi sifinyelela kumamitha amane.

I-Yew Short-leaved (Тахus brevifolia)

Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika; ithanda ukukhula endaweni ekhula ezintabeni, osebeni lomfula nemifudlana, kanye nakuma-gorges. Imelelwa yizihlahla, eziphakeme cishe ngamamitha angama-25, kanye nezihlahla - kuya kumamitha ayi-5. Ubunzima ekukhuleni kancane. Ukwakheka komqhele kubanzi. Amagxolo aqhamuka ebusweni besiqu ngamapuleti. Amagatsha alenga okuncane, kanti amagatsha akude ngqo nesiqu. Izinaliti ezibunjwe ngembobo ephindwe kabili ezinombala ohlaza okotshani zinobude obungafika ku-2 cm nobubanzi bube yi-0.2 cm.

Ngisho abalimi bahlakulela ezinye izinhlobo ezi-hybrid nezemvelo yew.