Ukutshala ama-violets kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ama-violets avela imbewu atshalwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla yokuqala. Ukusakazwa kwama-violets ngokusika kwenziwa esikhathini kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bama-warts abuyona inkimbinkimbi futhi butholakala kubo bonke abalimi, into esemqoka ukuthola izimo eziningi, futhi izitshalo zakho zizokujabulisa ngezimbali eziningi.
Uzofunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ama-violets futhi unakekele izitshalo ezikuleli khasi. Uzothola nezeluleko zokunakekelwa okufanele kwama-violets kanye nokufakelwa kwawo.
Ungakhula kanjani izimbali ze-violet kusuka kwimbewu
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-violets zisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi akunzima ukuzihlakulela. Zingasakazwa ngembewu noma nge-vegetatively (ukwahlukanisa isihlahla, ukusikwa).
Ukusakazwa kwembewu, kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu emisha, uyihlwanyele emhlabathini ngaphansi kobusika ngo-Agasti - Septhemba. Kungcono ukwenza izilimo emigqeni enenhlabathi evulekile, enomsoco, ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuma-grooves angajulile futhi mulching kancane nge-peat noma i-humus. Amahlumela avela entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo. Ngokuhlwanyelwa obukhulu, izithombo zigaxela ebangeni elingama-5-7 cm, kwathi ngo-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba batshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo. Ukuqhakaza nale ndlela yokusakazeka kwama-violets kuqala, njengomthetho, ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Lapho kuhlwalwa imidumba kaPatren entwasahlobo, imbewu imila kungakapheli inyanga; lapho ihlwanyelwa ngo-Agasti - Septhemba, izithombo ziyavela ngoMeyi ngonyaka olandelayo.
Uma uthenge imbewu ye-violet ebusika, khona-ke ingahlwanyelwa izithombo kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli emabhokisini anomhlabathi wezakhi.
Ngaphambi kokukhula kwe-violets, inhlabathi kumele ichithwe ngesisombululo, futhi imbewu kufanele idilizwe nge-powder fung fung (ngokwesibonelo, i-foundationazole) ukuvikela ukulimala kwezithombo ngezifo zokukhunta. Kungcono ukubeka amabhokisi nezitshalo endaweni epholile (12-18 ° C), ukumboza ngokukhululeka ngefilimu, ingilazi noma ngezinto zokumboza futhi uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi inomswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ingamanzi kakhulu.
Lapho kukhula ama-violets, imbewu kwezinye izinhlobo zingamila isikhathi eside kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Ngemuva kokuvela, amabhokisi adluliselwa endaweni efudumele (18-22 ° C). Lapho kuvela amaqabunga eqiniso ayi-2, izithombo zigaxela ekuhlwanyeleni obukhulu obungamamitha angama-5-7. Ukunakekelwa nokusakazwa kwama-violets kulula: ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo, ukhula olusebenza ngesikhathi kanye nokukhululwa kwenhlabathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 ngesisombululo somanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi (30-35 g nge 10 amalitha amanzi).
Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu enamakha e-violet ekwindla, njengoba ngokushesha ilahlekelwa ukumila kwawo.
I-Bio-violet Agrotechnics: Ukukhula Kwembewu
Ngokwesiko, esikweni le-biennial, ama-violets amakhulu aqhakaza izimbali kwakhiwa - izinhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo yeWittrock violets, i-violets enezimpondo, i-tricolor violets.
Lapho kukhula ama-warts we-biennial kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ezakhiweni zokugcina izithombo noma endaweni evulekile emigodini noma emabhokisini anenhlabathi yezakhi ezivulekile embozwe ngephepha noma ifilimu. Izinga lokuhlwanyelwa ngu-2-3 g wembewu nge-1 m2. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi - 15-20 ° С. Ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi, ukuhluma kwembewu kuzoba okuphansi, futhi ngokunisela ngokweqile, izithombo zingahlushwa umlenze omnyama. Izithombo, ngokuya ngezimo nangekhwalithi yembewu, ziyavela ngosuku lwe-6 kuya ku-14. Lapho ushiya futhi ukhula ama-violets kulesi sigaba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka izithombo ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhululekile: ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo, izinga lokushisa lika-15-18 ° C kanye nokugunda kusuka elangeni eliqondile.
Ukusakazwa imbewu: kanjani ukhula i-violet kusuka imbewu
1. Ngaphambi kokukhula i-violet kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, gcwalisa amabhokisi okutshala ngengxube yenhlabathi, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwawo lufafazwa ngesihlungo.
2. Lapho usakaza ama-violets ngembewu, inhlabathi esebhokisini iniselwa kakhulu ngesisombululo sokukhunta.
3. Ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi womile kancane, ulinganise umphezulu wawo futhi wenze imifino.
4. Sibeka amalebula bese sihlwanyela imbewu.
5. Sigcwalisa imbewu ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi - lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukwenza ngesihlungo.
6. Nisela izitshalo ngamanzi, ukumboza ngephepha bese ugqoka ukuhluma.
Ngale ndlela yokusabalalisa ama-violets endaweni ehlala njalo, izithombo zitshalwa ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Le ndawo ikhethiwe inelanga noma inemithunzi, kuya ngezidingo zebhayoloji zendawo, ezinenhlabathi enempilo, evulekile, nenamanzi amaningi. Izinhlobo eziningi zizizwa zizinhle emhlabathini onenhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma ene-asidi. Ezinye izinhlobo, ezinjenge-marsh violet, i-violet enezimbali ezimbili, i-Langsdorf violet, i-marsh violet, zidinga i-acidic, umhlabathi we-peaty, ezinye, ezinjenge-hairy violet, i-violet ephuzi, i-Reichenbach violet, i-rock violet, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikhula kangcono kunhlabathi enama-calcareous.
Indlela yokusabalalisa ama-violets ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla
Izinhlobo eziningi zingandiswa ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla - zikwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqhakaza okukhulu, noma engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Indlela yokuhlukanisa ilula: ingxenye yesihlahla isikwa ngefosholo ebukhali, nge-scoop noma ngommese bese idluliselwa endaweni entsha. Ngokuhlukanisa amakhethini, ungasakaza amakhethini amabili, anephunga elimnandi, i-Manchurian, i-ivy, i-canine, i-canine, igquma namanye ama-violets amaningi.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zihlobene nezimo zomswakama womhlabathi. Iningi likhula kahle enhlabathini enomswakama futhi enamanzi kahle. Izinhlobo eziningi zikhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezinhlabathini ezinomswakama owenziwe ngokweqile ngezikhathi ezithile (i-violets, ezinezimbali ezimbili, ophuzi, amaLangsdorf, amaqabunga e-peachy, iRivinus), kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula ezinotshanini, ezinamanzi, ezinenhlabathi eshisayo - lesi sici sikhonjiswa amagama ezinye zazo: ixhaphozi, umsele we-violet. Okuncane kakhulu phakathi kwama-violets kunezinhlobo ezikhetha umhlabathi owomile, onesihlabathi noma unamadwala (i-violet enamadwala, i-violet rocky).
Ngokuphathelene nokukhanyisa, zonke izinhlobo nazo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amakhulu. Indawo ekhanyayo ithandwa yi-Altai, Swamp, Hoodweed, Labrador, Manchurian, Patrena, amatshe, i-Aetolian violets. Izindawo zePenumbra nezindawo ezinemithunzi ezilungele ama-violets ama-flower amabili, iReichenbach, iRivinus, elimnandi, iSelkirk, emangalisayo.
Ukondla ama-violets nendawo yokukhosela ebusika
I-Violets - izitshalo ezinganciphisi ukunakekelwa. Azidingi ukondliwa kaningi - ngokwanele entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kokuqhuma kwamaqabunga, futhi ehlobo, ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Ama-Violets adliswa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali, awasakaza ezungeze izitshalo ukuze ama-granules, uma kunokwenzeka, angaweli emacembe. Kuyadingeka futhi ukhula ngezikhathi ezithile, yize ezinye izinhlobo (ngokwesibonelo, i-violet enamakha) zingakha amahlumela aminyene kangangokuba kube nzima kakhulu ukuba ukhula oluningi ligqabule.
Iningi lama-violets ase-perennial asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemvelo alimakhaza kakhulu. Indawo yokuhlala ekhethekile ebusika yama-violets ayidingeki, noma kunjalo, ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, ekwindla, inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo kumele ihlanganiswe nge-peat noma nge-humus, ngoba izitshalo ezingagxiliwe nezingashintshwe kahle zingahlushwa yiqhwa ebusika ebusika eneqhwa futhi kugogeke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Esiqongweni esiphakathi neRussia, iReichenbach violet ingahlushwa imithanjana, futhi ebusika obunzima kakhulu noma obunamakhaza kakhulu eqhwa, i-violet enephunga elimnandi. Izinhlobo ezinothando lokushisa, njenge-ivy violet, endaweni efudumele zingatshalwa kuphela ezitshalweni zaminyaka yonke noma njengesitshalo sokugcina ukushisa.
Izinhlobo ezithile zama-warts zingakhula ngenkuthalo, zenze ama-clumps amaningi, noma ukhula, zinikeze ukuzilawula okuningi. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zifaka amazambane we-potato, i-Labrador violet, iLangsdorf, iReichenbach, enamakha nabanye. Ezindaweni ezincane, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amakhethini ala ma-violets, ngokumba ikhethini lokunciphisela enhlabathini noma ukhiphe izithombo zokuzimela ukhiphe izitshalo ngokweqile. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, izitshalo ezinjalo zingashiyelwa imishini yazo, futhi emva kweminyaka embalwa ikhethini elihle lezimbali zezimbali ezinhle esizeni sebhasi elilodwa noma amaningi.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-violet: i-distillation
Izinhlobo ezithile zama-perennial violets, ezifana ne-violet enephunga elimnandi, zingasetshenziswa ekuthambiseni ubusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngo-Agasti - Septhemba, bamba ingxenye yekhethini elikhulile futhi lifakwe kumabhodwe noma ezitsheni. Izitshalo ziyaniselwa futhi ukuze zisinde kangcono zibekwa endaweni epholile enombala kusuka elangeni eliqondile. Lapho kwenzeka ekuqaleni kweqhwa, izitshalo zidluliselwa ku-greenhouse ebandayo noma ku-greenhouse bese zigcinwa lapho kuze kube yingxenye yesibili ka-Okthoba, ziqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ezitsheni ihlala inomswakama.
Engxenyeni yesibili ka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, izitshalo zidluliselwa egumbini eliqhakazile nelipholile elinokushisa okungu-8-10 ° C. Lapho ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamaqabunga amadala kuqala, izitshalo zifakwa endaweni ekhanyiselwe kahle kodwa epholile, zondliwa ngesisombululo somanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, oniselwe kahle amanzi, amaqabunga afafazwa ngamanzi afudumele.
Cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula kwamaqabunga, ama-warts akho azoqhakaza, futhi ungakwazi, njengaku-inganekwane, sicela abathandekayo bakho ngokubapha obhasikidi onamaqabunga aqhuma maphakathi nobusika.
Kukhona nobuchwepheshe bokuqala kwentwasahlobo bokuphoqelela ama-violets asebenza njalo. Imibhede enezitshalo ingamapulangwe futhi imbozwe ngezihlangu zobusika. Ukusuka ngenhla nangasohlangothini, amabala ambozwe ngamaqabunga. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlangu zithathelwa indawo ozimele. Kulokhu, ukuqhakaza kwezitshalo kwenzeka enyangeni edlule.
Ukuzisika Okufanele Kwe-Violet
Kuzo zonke izinkomba nezincwadi ezikhuluma ngezimbali, izinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo yeWittrock violet ne-violet enophondo kubalwa njenge-biennials noma unyaka, kepha ngesimo sazo zingama-perennials (noma kunalokho, mancane). Lapho kutshalwa kwisiko le-biennial ngasekupheleni konyaka wesibili wokuphila (nangobuchwepheshe bonyaka owodwa) ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala), izihlahla zilahlekelwa yinkambiso yazo, amahlumela aseceleni ayanwetshwa, izimbali zikhula zincane. Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ubusika buqina buyancipha ezitshalweni, futhi ebusika obulandelayo, ingxenye yama-apical kanye nama-axillary efihlekile iyafa, kanti ezinye izitshalo ziyafa ngokuphelele, okuphumela ekutshaleni okulimazayo okuncane. Ngakho-ke, ekubukweni kwemvelo kuthathwa njengenzuzo enkulu ukufaka izitshalo zonke emibhedeni yezimbali kunoku "kuzilungisa".
Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ama-pansies angaphila futhi aqhakaze iminyaka eminingana. Ukuze ulondoloze ukubumbana esihlahleni ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, unqume amahlumela akamuva kakhulu angaba ngu-5 cm, bese amahlumela amasha anamahlumela awo aqala ukukhula kusuka ekuhlolweni kokulala ezansi kwesihlahla.
Izitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-violets eWittrock, ezinophondo, kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zama-vi perennial zingasakazwa ngokuhlanzayo. Le ndlela ilula kakhulu, ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine izinhlobonhlobo zihlanzekile futhi uthole nezinto eziningi zokutshala. Ama-cutways aluhlaza kusuka ezitshalweni angasika kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Zonke amahlumela aseceleni anamafindo angama-2-3 afanelekile ngokuxhunyelelwa ama-violets. Izimbambo zisukelwa ngaphansi kwengilazi noma ifilimu engxenyeni yesihlabathi noma emaceleni enhlabathi, kumakhreyithi noma ezigodini eziphansi. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inomswakama njalo, futhi indawo kumele iboshelwe kancane yizihlahla ezi-sparse noma ngezinto zokumboza.
Ukutshala izihlahla ze-violet enhlabathini
Ukutshala ukusika kwe-violet enhlabathini kwenziwa ngokujula kuka-1-2 cm, eduze komunye nomunye (ukuze amaqabunga asikiwe asondelene nawo). Kwisimo sezulu esomile, bahlala befafazwa ngamanzi. Izimpawu ezisikiwe kalula futhi ngokushesha, izimpande zivela emavikini ayi-2-3. Ngokugawulwa kokuqala, izitshalo ezincane ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka ofanayo. Cishe ukusikeka okungu-10 kungasuswa kwisitshalo esisodwa se-uterine ngasikhathi sinye, nama-30-45 ama-PC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zesibeletho ngesikhathi sokusikwa zivuselelwa futhi zizizwe zizwakala kahle ngonyaka olandelayo.
Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, izithombo ze-viola zivame ukuthintwa yisifo sokuvuvukala umlenze omnyama. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokulimala kwesitshalo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa inani lokunisela futhi ufafaze ingaphezulu ngesihlabathi esomile, i-perlite noma umlotha. Uma ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kungavumi, qhubeka uphuthume uthathe izithombo ezinempilo enhlabathini entsha.
Esigabeni samaqabunga amabili ama-cotyledonous, izithombo zigaxela emaphethelweni noma amakhasethi ebangeni elingama-5 x 5 cm.Izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngemuva kokukhethwa, izitshalo ziqala ukondla. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10, kuguqulwe umanyolo wamaminerali (i-nitrofoska, i-Kemir, njll.) Nge-organic (isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-mullein, humate, njll.). Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ihlala ivulekile futhi ihlanzekile kusuka ukhula.
Izithombo zeViola zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Kuyelulekwa ukukhetha indawo yalezi zitshalo ukukhanya, nenhlabathi evundile, evulekile, nenomhlabathi ngokulinganayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, i-humus noma umquba ufakwa emhlabathini, kepha awukaze ube ngumquba omusha.
Amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala irhala noma amakhasethi nge-viola, udinga ukuyinisela kahle. Okokufika kululekwa ukukhetha usuku olunamafu; uma kushisa, kunelanga, kungcono ukutshala izithombo kusihlwa. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngu-15-25 cm, kuya ngohlobo lombhede wezimbali nendawo yokuhlala yezitshalo zalokhu okunhlobonhlobo.
Emthunzini, izimbali zamapani ziba zincane, bese izihlahla ziluleka, ziphulukana nokuqina kwazo. Emhlabathini ompofu, onesihlabathi esomile, izimbali zamapayipi amakhulu anezimbali ezinkulu ziyabuna ngokushesha, futhi ezinhlabathini ezinobumba obukhulu nasezindaweni eziphansi lapho kuncibilika khona futhi kunamanzi emvula, izitshalo zingafa ngokubola kwezimpande.
Ukusakazwa kwama-violets ngokusika nokunakekelwa kwezimbali
Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo zidinga ukuniselwa, futhi inhlabathi ezungezile kufanele ihlanganiswe nge-peat noma i-humus enengqimba engaba ngu-3-5 cm. Ukufakwa emasimini ngeke nje kuthuthukise ukubukeka kokutshala futhi kusize ukugcina umswakama odingekayo ekutsaleni izitshalo, kepha futhi kusindisa i-viola ngesikhathi sokuqala kwentwasahlobo, okunzima ezitshalweni. Ngaphandle kokufaka mulching ekwindla sekwephuzile nangokubandayo okuneqhwa, ubusika obunokhahlo, izitshalo ze-viola ezintekenteke zingabanda.
Kepha isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu sokutshala okuncane kwama-biennials akuyona ubusika, kepha intwasahlobo yokuqala. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi izitshalo ziphume eqhweni ziphila futhi ziphilile, kuthi emva kwamasonto amabili ingxenye ebalulekile yazo ife. Kunezizathu eziningana: ukukhipha iqhwa - iqhwa elinamandla impela kwesinye isikhathi livela emva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, ukuphuma kwalo, ukufudumala - ebusika obufudumele, izitshalo zimane zande futhi zibole ngaphansi kwengqimba yeqhwa nemboza, "ukukhiya", njengoba okhokho bethu besho. Ukulwa nezimbangela ezimbili zokuqala zokulimala kwesitshalo kuzosiza ukwelulwa kwekwindla. Kodwa-ke, lapho unakekela ama-violets, khumbula ukuthi i-mulching ngokweqile kungadala isici sesithathu ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Akudingekile ukufaka izithombo kakhulu, “ngekhanda lakho,” ebusika, ngoba izitshalo ezinjalo ezivikelwe zingadala izitshalo ukuba zibune.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, hlola ngezikhathi ezithile ngokucophelela ukuhlolwa kwe-viola, futhi uma ubona ukuthi izitshalo ziqala ukukhuphuka ezimpandeni ezingenhla kwenhlabathi - ngokushesha “zitshala”, okungukuthi, cindezela phansi, ucindezela inhlabathi ngokuqinile ezimpandeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungakuhle ukondla izitshalo ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali ngesilinganiso sama-20- 40 g (noma ibhokisi lomdlalo) nge-1 m² (noma u-10 l wamanzi).
Ukutshala nokunakekela ama-violets kusiko elineminyaka emibili akusilo umthwalo omkhulu; kuqukethe ukhula ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo, nokunisela ngezikhathi eziyomile. Ukuqhakaza okukhulu kwama-warts ngale ndlela yokulima kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo, futhi kwamanye amaqembu anamuhla nezinhlobonhlobo - kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izitshalo ziyasuswa emibhedeni yezimbali, bese kwenziwa amasimu amasha endaweni yawo.
