UMonarda uyilungu lomndeni wakwaLabret, elathola igama lakhe ukuhlonishwa ngudokotela wezitshalo waseSpain nodokotela uNicholas Monardes. Lo sosayensi waseSpain waqale wachaza isitshalo se-monarda futhi watshela abaseYurophu ngakho ngaso ezincwadini zakhe esithi “The Medical History of Western India” kanye ne “Good News from the New World,” wasibiza ngokuthi yi-Virtual of Orthodoxy noma i-Canadian Origan.
Ukunambitheka kalamula weMonarda kunezinzuzo eziningi. Ngaye, umuntu uzizwa endaweni entsha futhi ehlanzekile. Okukhanga kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umhlwanyeli iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo eziningi zingagcwalisa le ngadi yezimbali ngaleli phunga, ngasikhathi sinye elihlobene ne-citrus. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-melissa, lemongrass, ezinye izinhlobo ze-thyme ne-basil.
Kodwa-ke, iphunga le-monardy linokufana okukhulunywa kakhulu ngakho nge-citrus, ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-shades ahlukahlukene ahlanganiswa kulo. Kungakho eNgilandi ibizwa nge- bergamot, futhi igama elisemthethweni lenye yezinhlobo laziwa njenge "monard kalamula."
Izinhlobo zeMonarda nezinhlobo
Ulamula weMonarda sinobukhulu obungu-70-90 cm, noma ama-specimens angajwayelekile angafinyelela ku-100 cm ukuphakama. Isiqu sishubile, futhi sinamagatsha. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo a-oval, ubude, anamazinyo. Izimbali zesitshalo zingaba nephalethi elinemibala ehlukahlukene: lezi yizimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo, nezimhlophe qhwa, futhi zinsomi onsomi, no-pink okhanyayo. Ama-inflorescences anobubanzi obuyi-6-7 cm. Akhula esiqwini esinye emva kwesinye.
I-Monard iphindwe kabili isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial, esifinyelela kubungako obungu-0.7-1,5 m. Impande inomude omude, ovundlile. Isiqu siyisitashi, iqonde, inezinwele ezincane. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani ngemithambo epinki, i-oblong, inamazinyo amakhulu. Izimbali ziqoqwa nge-inflorescence ye-caplect, ibe ne-purple noma i-violet hue.
UMonarda Bergamot Isitshalo singomndeni we-labioceae. Isitshalo sinezimpande eziqinile, nokumelana nazo zonke izifo nezinambuzane. Kusetshenziswa njengokufakelwa kwenyama, amasaladi. Futhi ukunambitheka kokwenza ujamu nama-dessert amaningi.
I-Monarda hybrid Leli gama libopha yonke inzalo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-kanambambili kanye ne-tubular. Lokhu kungapheli iminyaka engaphezulu kuka-100 cm. Umbala wezimbali ungahluka kakhulu: ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya kofihlo. Futhi, usayizi wezimbali ungahluka: kusuka kokuncane, okuqoqwe kuma-inflorescence, kuya kokukhulu, kungashadile. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zaleli hybrid kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlotshana ezingafani, ezihlukahluka ngokulinganiselwa kwezimbali, umthunzi wamaqabunga, kanye nezimbali.
UMonarda duduk lesi sitshalo sihlala njalo. Ungowomndeni kaLamiaceae. Inenqwaba yeziqu ezinamahlamvu, ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kuma-60-120 cm. Amaqabunga anamazinyo. Izimbali ziyi-lilac, zibukeka njengamabhola amancane, ububanzi bawo bungaba ngu-6 cm.
I-Monarda Cambridge Scarlet
Isitshalo yi-hybrid. I-perennial, ifinyelela usayizi wama-80-100 cm. Inezimpande ezinde eziqondile, isiqu esiqondile. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, atholakele maqondana nomunye, ane-petioles amafushane. Izimbali zinombala obomvu ocebile, ziqoqwe nge-inflorescence etholakalayo. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinephunga le-lemon-mint tart. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha futhi njengokuthosa. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nokubanda, kanye nezifo kanye nezinambuzane.
Ubuhle beMonarda beCobham utshani obumnandi obunezimbali ezingafani nalutho. Ungowomndeni kaLabiaceae. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-700- 900 cm, ezinye izinkomba zingafinyelela ku-120 cm. Amaqabunga ayashabalala, ngamathiphu akhombe. Umbala oluhlaza onamandla nephunga elimnandi. Esiqwini zitholakala zibhekene ngababili. Izimbali zincane, zinephunga elimnandi, eziqoqwe kukhipha ama-inflorescence.
I-Monarda Pink Lace Isitshalo esinamacembe anezimbali ezipinki, ezinkulu kunalokho, ziqoqwe ngama-inflorescence. Isihlahla simile, singama-40 cm kuphela amade. Lesi sitshalo sinecompact, kufanelekile ukuthi sikhule ezitsheni. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinephunga elimnandi. Amaqabunga ayo asetshenziselwa ukwenza itiye.
UMonarda Cardinal isitshalo se-herbaceous zisetshenziswa. Iziqu ziyi-tetrahedral, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kufike ku-150 cm. Izimbali zingaba zemithunzi ehlukahlukene, kepha ziqoqwe konke kukhuzwa ama inflorescences.
UMonarda Citroder lesi sitshalo esincane, esifinyelela usayizi 30 cm cm, sinezimbali eziqoqwe ku-sultan obukhulu. Inephunga elimnandi le-bergamot. Isetshenziselwa ukukhula emibhedeni yezimbali. Amahlamvu asetshenziswa njengesinongo.
I-Monarda perennial uma ubheka lesi sitshalo sikude, ungacabanga ukuthi izicabucabu ezinkulu ezinama-furry paws zihleli kuso. Isitshalo esinjalo sinezimbali. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zikhipha iphunga elingajwayelekile, ngakho-ke zisetshenziswa njengesiqholo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbali ibukeka kamnandi kuma-bouquets.
UMonarda Schnevithhen
I-perennial, enezimpande ezinde, iziqu zesitshalo ziyi-tetrahedral, ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-150. Izimbali zimhlophe, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence aminyene. Zisetshenziselwa ukutshala kweqembu emibhedeni yezimbali, futhi libukeka lilihle nasezimbali.
IMonarda Panorama utshani obungapheli. Isitshalo sinesimo sesihlahla esineziqu eziningi eziqonde. Ubunzima bokuqhakaza okude nokuningi. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu abonisa ukubukeka okuxakile. Zombili zipinki ezibomvana futhi zibomvu ngokujulile zinombala. Abalimi bayasazisa lesi sitshalo hhayi ngenxa yobuhle baso kuphela, kodwa nangezimpawu zaso zokwelapha nokunambitha. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza itiye. On the flowerbed ubukeka obuhle ekutshaleni kweqembu.
Monarda Gadenview Scarlet ifinyelela ukuphakama okungaba ngu-100 cm, izimbali zinephimbo elibomvu. Kusetshenziselwe ukuhlobisa izimbali zezimbali emapulazini eqembu, kubukeka kahle kumasimbali.
UMonarda Pink Suprim isitshalo sinobunjani besihlahla esinesiqu esiqondile, ukuphakama kwaso kungama-70-120 cm, isiqu sise-tetrahedral, amaqabunga anephunga elimnandi.
UMonarda Mohawk iyi-herbaceous perennial enamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezimbali ezimbili ezibubende onsomi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ku-100 cm.
UMonarda Diana isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial ngephunga elimnandi lelamula. Yenza izihlahla ezinobubanzi obungafika ku-45 cm. Izimbali ezincane ze-lilac eziqoqiwe ezindaweni ezinamakhaza amancane. UCandelabra ufana nokubukeka kwabo. Isici esihlukile se-hybrid ingukuqhakaza okude futhi okuningi.
UMonarda Mahogany Ungowomndeni wabanamakhanda acacile. Izimbali zinombala omuhle nokubukeka okuhle. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ekuphakameni okufika ku-110 cm. Isici esihlukanisayo se-hybrid isiqu sayo esinamandla namaqabunga amancane aluhlaza. Izimbali zibomvu ngokugqamile, zinephunga eliqinile eliqinile.
I-Monarda Fireball izitshalo zisetshenziswe kahle ngokungenamsoco. Izimbali zinomumo oyindilinga obukhulu kanye ne-tint engafani nokubomvu yeayini.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwangaphandle kweMonarda
Le mbali ikhula kahle elangeni, kepha ikhula emthunzini oyingxenye. Kuliqiniso, kulokhu, izihlahla zaso ziyoba zaphansi, futhi ukuqhakaza kube kuningi.
Kuyadingeka ukukhetha indawo yokutshala izitshalo ezovikelwa kahle emiphumeleni yomoya, ngoba iziqu zingaguqa futhi zigobeke, zilahlekelwe ubuhle bazo.
Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kuyadingeka ukunisela i-monarda kancane, noma kunjalo, ukuvimba ukubanjiswa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. Futhi, isitshalo asithandi nenhlabathi eyomile ngokweqile.
Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwe-powdery hlobo, kubalulekile ukunisela izitshalo ngesimo sezulu esomile. Uma ihlobo lavele lashisa futhi loma, kuyanconywa ukugxilisa inhlabathi nge-peat.
Ingadi yeBergamot ingenye yezinhlobo ze-monarda. Ikhula ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okuningi, ngokuya ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ungathola zonke izincomo ezidingekayo zokukhula nokunakekelwa kule ndatshana.
Umhlabathi weMonard
IMonarda ayifunwa kakhulu emhlabathini, kepha ikhetha inhlabathi evundile engenacala. Azizwa kahle ikakhulukazi enhlabathini esindayo, enobuthi futhi enamashi. Ingakhula nenhlabathi emnyama ngokuya ngokudla njalo.
Inhlabathi yokukhula kwezimbali esizayo kusuka ekwindla. Bamba inhlabathi, susa ukhula bese wenza umquba, umquba noma Peat ngenani lama-kilogram ayi-2 nge-1 m2superphosphate - amagremu angama-50 nosawoti we-potassium - amagremu angama-30.
Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukufaka ama-40 amagremu kakhilogretha ngemitha ngayinye yesikwele. Ngentwasahlobo, inhlabathi iyacetshiswa ngokufakwa komanyolo we-nitrogen. Izitshalo zitshalwa ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-60-70 phakathi kwamarowu ukunikeza isikhala samahhala sokondleka nokukhula.
Umanyolo we-monarda
Ukudla kwezitshalo kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali. Futhi, i-monarda idinga umanyolo owengeziwe ngesikhathi kusungulwa amahlumela amasha nangesikhathi sokuguqukela ekuguqweni.
- Ngentwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sondliwe ngenhlanganisela yamanyolo wezimbiwa. Ezinsukwini eziyi-12 emva kwalokhu, phinda inqubo.
- Ekwindla, i-monarda ifakwa ngamakhompiyutha we-potash ne-phosphorus.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukugqoka kwama-foliar kuvunyelwe. Amacembe afafazwa ngomanyolo wamaminerali, kanye nama-microelements.
- Ekushiseni komoya ngokweqile, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngesixazululo sika-Epin.
Monarda ebusika
Ebusika, ingxenye yomhlabathi yesitshalo kumele inqunywe ngokuphelele, futhi entwasahlobo iyokhula ibuyele emuva.
Izimpande zesitshalo azivimbeli iqhwa futhi zisinda ebusika ngaphandle kokuthola indawo yokuhlala.
Ukutshala imbewu yeMonarda
Lapho kukhula i-monarda kusuka imbewu, ihlwanyelwa endaweni evulekile ngoMeyi ukuya ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ayi-1-2. Kwimitha elilodwa lesikwele, ukusetshenziswa akufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-0.5 amagremu. Ukuze usakaze imbewu ngokulinganayo, zihlanganiswa nesihlabathi.
Izinga lokushisa lokumbewu lingama-20 degrees. Ukuqhakaza kweMonarda ekuqaleni kukhula kancane kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukhula njalo, ukuvimbela ukumila ukhula. Izitshalo ezincane ziyatshalwa, kuqala kubangeni elingamasentimitha ayi-10 ukusuka komunye nomunye, bese kuba ngama-20. Izikhiqizwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, i-monarda ayiqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala.
Uma ufisa, ungahlwanyela imbewu ngoMashi ukuthola izithombo. Izinyanga ezikhuphukayo, ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, zantshontsha ngokwesikimu 3 × 3 amasentimitha. Ukutshala endaweni evulekile kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokusatshiswa kwesithwathwa. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezikuwo umugqa owodwa zingamasentimitha angama-30, futhi phakathi kwezintambo - amasentimitha angama-60. Qiniseka ukuthambisa amanzi ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Ukuzala kabusha kwesihlahla saseMonarda
Ukuze kusakazeke ngokwehlukanisa isihlahla, kuyadingeka ukukhetha isitshalo esinempilo, esineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Isihlahla siyambiwa sihlukaniswe ekwindla.
Ingxenye ngayinye eyakhiwe kufanele ibe nezimpande nezimpande eziyi-3-4. I-Delenki itshaliwe, kanye nezithombo futhi inisele kaningana.
Benza ukusakazwa kwe-monarda kanye nezingxenye zezimpande, bebheka le ndlela njengempumelelo kakhulu.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Lapho sikhule endaweni eyomile kakhulu noma enamanyolo amaningi, isitshalo sithinteka yi-powdery hlobo. Umonakalo wokugqwala ungavela futhi.
Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo asuselwa kubhedu. Zifanele kuphela esimweni sokukhula kwe-monarda yezimbali.
Uma isitshalo sidliwe, khona-ke ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezindlela zemvelo - infusions ka-anyanisi, ugalikhi noma i-tansy. Ngokuvamile, imbali imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane.
Izakhiwo zemithi ye-Monarda kanye ne-contraindication
Amafutha abalulekile weMonarda abaluleke kakhulu emithini yokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa nge-duodena monarda, yize umuthi osemthethweni nowendabuko usebenzisa ngempumelelo zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sitshalo.
Cishe zonke izindawo zayo zinikezwe izimfanelo zokupholisa - izimbali, amahlamvu, amahlumela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, ukusiza ukuthuthukisa inhlala-kahle nobuthakathaka nokukhathala, ukunciphisa ukudangala, kanye nokudambisa ukudangala.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinto ezakha uwoyela (ikakhulukazi i-thymol) zisiza umzimba ukumelana nokuguga, uqinise ukuqina kwezindonga zama-capillaries, zivuse okokusebenza kwe-diuretic, zithanda ukwanda kwemithambo ye-coronary kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi.
Sekuyisikhathi eside iMonarda isetshenziswa njengesiqholo esinephunga elimnandi futhi eliphilile esenza umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla. Ehlobo nasekwindla, lapho ukuwafaka kwenzeka, iziqu zaso zibekwa ezitsheni ukuvimbela ukulimala kwemikhiqizo equkethwe kuzo.
I-Lemon Monarda iyi-isifiso esihle kakhulu sama-saladi, kepha, ikakhulukazi, isetshenziswa njengokunambitha itiye, iziphuzo zezithelo noma i-kvass ukuze kunikeze iziphuzo iphunga elimnandi le-resinous.
