I-genus Dioscorea ingeyomndeni wakwa-Dioscore futhi inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-500 ezikhula ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Abamele lolu hlobo bangamakhwela waphakade wobude obuhlukile, abanezilimo eziyizigaxa noma izimpande. Amahlamvu aphelele, ukwakheka kwenhliziyo, izimbali zingaphuzi ngopende oluhlaza okotshani, ikakhulukazi okuxubile-ke-ke, uma kungcoliswa badinga abamele ababili bobulili obuhlukile. Isithelo ikakhulu siyibhokisi futhi sisezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zamajikijolo.
Izinhlobo ze-Dioscorea nezinhlobonhlobo
I-Dioscorea Caucasian lomvini ungakhula ube ngamamitha amathathu ubude. Inezimpande eziwugqinsi ezivundile, kunamahlamvu amade, izimbali zakha i-inflemose noma i-inflorescence emise okwezici. Igcwele, isatshalaliswa e-Abkhazia kuphela futhi ifakwe ku-Red Book.
I-Dioscorea Nippon dioecious perennial ekhula ibe ngamamitha amahlanu. I-rhizome nayo yinde - ifinyelela kumamitha amabili, ihlumela isonteke kahle, amahlamvu alandelayo, abekwe kuma-petioles, anama-lobes amathathu kuye kwangama-7.
Dioscorea ndlovu noma elephantipes kudonsela ukunaka ngesakhiwo esikhulu esisekelweni, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-caudex, ngenxa yaso ibizwa ngokuthi "ufudu". Futhi inamahlumela amade anamahlamvu acwebezelayo enhliziyo embozwe yinhliziyo.
Isikhumba sezinwele noma ama-chinese yam liana kuze kufike kumamitha amathathu ubude. Amahlamvu amise okwenhliziyo, ajwayelekile, amakhethini, ambozwe nge-fluff. Izimbali azinakuthengiswa.
I-Dioscorea deltoid okunqobayo okungapheli, okuthi ihlumela lakhe likhule lifike kumamitha amathathu. Amahlamvu alandelayo, ezansi liphakeme kancane. Izimbali zincane, zivame ukungashadi.
I-Dioscorea enobuhlakani obuningi isitshalo esinqumayo, esikhula sibe ngamamitha amabili ubude. Iheha ngamahlamvu awo amnyama nge-tint yomnqumo, lapho ukukhanya kwemithambo kanye nomucu omhlophe ophakathi uphakathi.
I-Dioscorea yaseJapan ihlumela lalezi zinhlobo likhula libe amamitha amane, linezimpande ezinkulu. Amahlamvu angaphansi anamahlamvu ayi-7, phezulu kukhona cishe awekho. Kufakwe encwadini ebomvu.
I-Dioscorea okuphambene Uhlobo oluhlumela lwalo endle lukhula cishe amamitha ayi-10. Amahlumela athambile kancane, amahlamvu amancane aphambene, anobuthi, asikwe emabeleni amathathu, izimbali zincanyana, zimhlophe, zinuka iphunga lesinamoni.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya Dioscorea
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Dioscorea ngokuvamile kulula, kepha kunezinkinga ezithile nobunzima. Beka i-dioscorea efulethini kufanele ibe sezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle lapho ukukhanya kuzokhanya khona, kepha kungaphazamiseki. Imisebe eyenzeka ngokuqondile ayilungile ngamaqabunga.
Izinga lokushisa lokutshala ehlobo akumele lihle ngaphansi kwama-20 ° C, futhi ebusika kuyadingeka ukuligcina izinga le-thermometer cishe ngo-11-15 ° C. I-Dioscorea ayidingi umswakama ophezulu futhi ingakhula ngisho nasendaweni eyomile impela.
Inhlabathi kufanele ikhethwe ukukhanya, kuvunyelwe kahle emoyeni. Ingxube ye-turf nenhlabathi enamaqabunga, isihlabathi esinamahlamvu amakhulu ne-humus kufanelekile - konke kulingana.
Lomvini udinga ukudunwa. Kufanele isikwe ngendlela yesitebhisi noma i-mesh.
Qaphela futhi ukuthi i-dioscorea inesikhathi sokuhlala kwendlovu hhayi ebusika, njengakwezinye izinhlobo, kodwa ehlobo.
Esinye isitshalo esakha i-caudex yi-adenium, yize ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kunekhono, kusifanele, ngoba ukugeleza kwe-adenium kuyathakazelisa. Iziphakamiso zokukhula nokunakekela i-adenium yamafutha zingatholakala kule ndatshana.
Ukunisela Dioscorea
I-Dioscorea ehlobo idinga ukunisela okunamandla. Ekwindla, ukuchelela kuncipha, futhi lapho isikhathi sokungabibikho, lapho amaqabunga esihlahleni eqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, bese eqala ukubaphonsa, ukuchelela kuya kuncishiswa kube yintwasahlobo. Lapho kuvela amahlamvu amasha, ukuthambisa kwenziwa kuyaqabukela.
Umanyolo we-Dioscorea
Isikhathi sonke sokukhula, ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, zonke izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya ku-20 kufanele zifakwe umanyolo wamaminerali we-lime wemivini no-ivy: umthamo okhonjisiwe kwimiyalo.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Dioscorea
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa minyaka yonke ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukufaka imbiza endaweni enkulu akuyona into eyisisekelo - into esemqoka ukufaka inhlabathi endaweni entsha.
Kokukhula okungcono, kungcono ukukhulisa i-dioscorea ebhodweni eliqinile, okuwukuphela kwento i-dioscorea yendlovu, edinga ishubhu ebanzi yokukhula ngenxa ye-caudex. Imivini yakudala ithathelwa indawo kancane, kepha noma kunjalo, udinga ukuthulula inhlabathi entsha ebhodweni minyaka yonke.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Dioscorea ngokusikwa
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe i-dioscorea kwenziwa ikakhulu ngemisiko. Entwasahlobo, ukusikwa kwe-apical kusikwa futhi kugxilwe ku-peat kuxutshwe ne-perlite, noma enhlabathini nesihlabathi.
Ngemuva kokutshala, okuqukethwe kufanele kuhlanganiswe nge-polyethylene ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa futhi kugcinwe ngaphansi kokukhanya okubandakanyekileko kanye nokushisa okufudumele, ukuphefumula kanye nokunisela kancane ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho ukusika kuqinile, kusakhula kancane, bese kudluliselwa ezitsheni ezingapheli.
I-Dioscorea yembewu
Njengoba lesi kuyisitshalo se-dioecious, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwembewu ngokushesha iba yinkinga. Uma une mbewu, kufanele uyihlwanyele entwasahlobo eshidi lomhlaba elihlanganiswe nesihlabathi. Ukuhluma kwenziwa ku-15 ° C, ngezikhathi ezithile lapho inhlabathi iniselwa khona.
Lapho kuvela amahlumela, zigcinwa ekukhanyisweni okungafani, futhi ngokungcono esithunzini esikhanyayo. Lapho izithombo zikhula kancane, ziyadedelwa, bese kamuva zitshalwe emabhodweni waphakade ngendlela yokudlulisela.
Futhi entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula, lesi sitshalo singasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa amabhula nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye namazambane ejwayelekile.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, kungaba kuphela i-spider izimbuvu ezibomvu, ezidla ujusi wesitshalo, okuvela kuzo amahlamvu omile namagoqo, futhi lesi sinambuzane sishiya ama-cobwebs amancanyana.
Ukususa, ungageza amahlamvu ngamanzi anosawoti noma ufafaze nge-anyanisi husk infusion. Uma kunezinambuzane eziningi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuphendukela kwizidakamizwa, isibonelo, i-Actellik.
Uma igumbi lome kakhulu noma isitshalo sizwa ukuntuleka komswakama, khona-ke amahlamvu aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi awe.
Izakhiwo zokupholisa ze-Dioscorea Caucasian
Le liana inezokwelapha ezindaweni ezifudumele, lapho ikhula khona emhlabathini ovulekile, isetshenziswa emithini yabomdabu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezilimo eziyizigaxa nazo zisetshenziswa njengokudla.
Njengokusetshenziswa okungavuthiwe, izimpande ziyasetshenziswa, eziqoqiwe, njengomthetho, ekwindla. Ukusuka ezimpandeni yenza ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions, kanye netiye. Umkhiqizo otholwe njengomphumela unethonya, i-diuretic ne-choleretic effect, futhi uthinta nomzimba wonke.
I-Dioscorea Caucasian contraindication
Ama-tubers alesi siko awanakubanjwa nalawo ahlushwa yi-bradycardia, futhi awanconywa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Kuyafaneleka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi izidakamizwa kufanele zithathwe ngemuva kokudla, ngoba zinzima impela esiswini. Uma imiphumela emibi ivela, nciphisa umthamo womuthi owuphuzile noma uyeke ukuwuphuza ngokuphelele.
I-Tincture yeCaucasian Dioscorea
Njengomuthi, i-decoction ne-tincture ye-dioscorea kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ukuze uthole i-tincture, uzodinga amagremu ayikhulu ama-tubers weCaucasian Dioscorea kanye namalitha ayi-0,5 e-vodka.
Izimpande zichotshoziwe futhi zithululelwa nge-vodka, bese zishiyelwa izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu endaweni emnyama, ngezikhathi ezithile kuzamazama isitsha ngokufakwa. I-Dose: i-25 yehla kathathu ngosuku isigamu sehora ngemuva kokudla.
Isinqumo se-Caucasian Dioscorea
Ukuze uthole i-decoction, thatha isipuni sezilimo eziyizigaxa ezisikiwe, uthele ngo-200 ml wamanzi abilisiwe bese ugcina imizuzu engama-20 kubhavu wamanzi.
Umhluzi uthathwa ngesipuni kathathu ngosuku ngemuva kokudla izinsuku ezingama-20-30. Ngemuva kwesonto, izifundo ziqhutshwa futhi kuze kube kathathu.
Futhi, izimpande ezomile nezichobozekile zingahunyushwa ngokuxutshwa neminye imikhiqizo, ngokwesibonelo, itiye eliluhlaza.
Ngokukhiqiza, kuthathwa izingxenye ezimbili zetiye nengxenye eyodwa yezimpande ezomile. Akunconyelwe ukuphuza lesi siphuzo ngaphezu kokukodwa ngosuku.
