I-Spirea - "IHood Little Riding Hood"

ISpirea ibisetshenziselwa ukubizwa nge- meadowsweet, leli gama lisatholakala kwezinye izincwadi zezethenjwa, okuholela ekudidekeni okuthile. Manje izitshalo ezinotshani kuphela ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-meadowsweet, kanye nezihlahlana, okusho ukuthi, izitshalo ezinamagatsha anezimbali ezinempilo, zibizwa ngokuthi yi-spiraea. "Spirea" ngesiGreki kusho "ukugoba" (kusuka empandeni efanayo igama elithi "spiral"), okubonisa uhlobo lokukhula kwezihlumela zezitshalo eziningi zalolu hlobo.

Induku ye-Spirea (Spiraea), umndeni upinki, ulungele izinhlobonhlobo zawo. Kukhona izihlahlana eziphansi kakhulu, futhi zide, zifinyelela kumamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu, izihlahlana. Ngokuya ngezimbali, ziyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi: ezinye izinhlobo ziyaqhakaza engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, kanti ezinye ziqala ukuqhakaza engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, kwezinye - ngoJulayi bese ziyaqhubeka kuze kube ekwindla, ngisho namafrimu amancane awazithinti. Izimbali zeSpirea zimhlophe noma zipinki ezinombala oqinile ku-corymbose, i-cone-shape noma i-pyramidal inflorescence. Amaqabunga, amagatsha, kanye nokuvela konke kwe-spiraea yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuhluke kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi kunokungabaza: ingabe izitshalo ezinjalo ezingafani neze zohlobo olufanayo?

I-Nippon Spirea (iSpiraea nipponica). © 99roots

Phezu kwezinhlobo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemvelo ezigqamile, eziphawuleka ngokuqhakaza kanye nokufakwa kombala okungajwayelekile kwamaqabunga. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-90 ze-spirea, angikhulumi ngezinhlobonhlobo. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngawo wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke ngizochaza kuphela labo, njengoba besho, engibaziyo uqobo.

I-Japan Spirea (Spiraea japonica) ifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-1-1,5 m, iziqu zayo ekuqaleni zingama-pubescent, kamuva ukunyamalala kunyamalale, bese iziqu ziba shiny, zibomvana ngokubomvu. Amaqabunga angama-ovlong-ovate anemiphetho enamahlathi, ayakhula - abomvu ngombala onsundu, lapho ukuvuthwa kuba luhlaza obumnyama ngaphezulu futhi kube mnyama ngaphezulu ohlangothini lwasemuva. Ekwindla, umbala wamaqabunga ushintsha ube ophuzi-orenji noma i-burgundy.

Lesi spirea siqala ukuqhakaza ekupheleni kukaJuni, wonke uJulayi aqhakaza kakhulu, bese kuthi ngoSepthemba ukuqhakaza kuqale kancane kancane. Izimbali zipinki, kufulethi, ama-inflorescence akhiwe emaphethelweni amagatsha, anendawo ephakathi nendawo ye-convex.

I-spirea yaseJapan isakazeka kalula, izimpande ezisikiwe cishe zingu-100% ngisho ngaphandle kwezivuseleli zezimpande. Imvamisa, nginqume ama-inflorescences anyamalale ukuze ngilondoloze ukubukeka kokuhlobisa, kepha uma ngishiya ingxenye yama-inflorescence aqhakaze kuqala, bese kuthi ngo-Okthoba imbewu ivuthwe. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuphezulu impela.

Izinduna Ezincane ZaseJapan zaseSpiraea (iSpiraea japonica Little Princess). © rangedala

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-spirea zaseJapan, nginezimbili kuphela zazo ezikhulayo: Amakhosazana amancane - emincane, enamahlamvu amahle aluhlaza nezimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo, futhi Intombazane Encane Ephuzi - ngaphandle kufana nezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini, kepha entwasahlobo amaqabunga awo angumbala omsulwa, ehlobo aba luhlaza okhanyayo.

I-Nippon Spiraea (Spiraea nipponica) - isihlahla esiminyene esinamagatsha agobekile afinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama. Ungasakha ngesimo esikhanyayo. Amaqabunga awo mancane, aluhlaza okotshani, awashintshi umbala ekwindla. Izimbali zimhlophe, ngama-inflorescence amancane aminyene, amboza kakhulu ngoJuni wonke amagatsha ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Le nhlobo ingakhula hhayi endaweni yelanga kuphela, kepha futhi nasethunzini lelitsite. Ungumuntu onamandla kakhulu kune-spirea yaseJapan, kepha uvikelekile yiqhwa ubekezelela noma yiliphi iqhwa, noma liqine futhi lihlala isikhathi eside njengoba lalinjalo ebusika bokugcina. I-Nippon spirea ayifuniseli ukuzala kwenhlabathi, futhi izinhlungu zesihlabathi kanye nemikhondo iyakufanelekela.

Spiraea oak-leaved (Spiraea chamaedryfolia) ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-2. Kuphendula amahlumela ayo, okwenza isihlahla sibukeke njengomthombo omuhle. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani; ekwindla kwawo kuba ophuzi okhanyayo. Lokhu kuqhakaza kwama-spirea ngaphambili kunabanye, ngokushesha lapho amaqabunga evulekile, kuqala engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isihlahla sonke kusuka phezulu kuya phansi simbozwe nge-hemispherical, white, inflorescence ezinkulu. Isitshalo sithanda indawo ekhanyayo, kepha siyabekezelela shading ethile. Uyayithanda inhlabathi evundile, ayibekezeleli amanzi amile. Kuyinto emelana nobusika kakhulu, kepha kusihlava sami ngemuva kwesithwathwa sasebusika esedlule, amagatsha asele ngaphezu kweqhwa awazange aqhakaze kakhulu njengalawa angezansi. Le spirea ibekezelela ukugunda izinwele okuhle ehlobo kahle ngemuva kokuqhakaza.

Spiraea oak-leaved (Spiraea chamaedryfolia). © Elise Hottinen

I-Volcanic Spirea (iSpiraea salicifolia) - isihlahla eside esinegatsha eliqondile. Amaqabunga awo makhulu, aqhamile (afinyelela ku-10 x 4 cm), ekwindla ajika abomvu ansundu. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Izimbali zinombala opinki noma okhanyayo okhanyayo, kuma-inflorescence amade angamamitha ayi-12-15 cm, asemaphethelweni amahlumela. Ubusika be-hardness spirea loosestrife buphakeme kakhulu. I-Shrub Photophilous, ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama kahle. Amahlumela amancane ngenxa yokukhula kwezimpande.

I-Spirea Bumalda (Spiraea × bumalda) - i-hybrid yama-spirees amaJapan nama-white-flowered. Phansi, kuze kube yi-70 cm shrub enamaqabunga amancane ama-ovate-lanceolate. I-inflorescence iyisicaba, umbala kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokupinki omnyama. Izimbali ezinde ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni.

Ukuqina kobusika be-spuma yaseBumald enkabeni yeRussia kuhle, inqobo nje uma lesi sitshalo simbozwa yiqhwa ekuqaleni kwamaqabunga amakhulu. Izithombo ezincane zidinga ukumbozwa unyaka wokuqala noma emibili ebusika, kodwa ngaphansi kweqhwa elijulile lonyaka wami wokugcina, izithombo zezinhlobo ezimbili ezitshalwe ekwindla ebusika ngaphandle kokulahleka.

ISpirea Bumalda (Spiraea × bumalda). © Rasadnik

Izinhlobo zale spirea zinhle kangangokuba zifanelwe yincazelo ehlukile. Anthony Waterrer - isihlahla esifushane esiminyene esinamaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza; "ebusheni" anombala opinki. Izimbali ze-raspberry ziqala ukuqhakaza ngoJuni. Flame Legolide lebanga - isihlahla sethenda ephansi. Entwasahlobo, amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onsomi, aphuzi aphuzi ehlobo, bese abe-brownish-orange ekwindla.

Spirea Wangutta (Spiraea × vanhouttei) - i-hybrid yezintambo ezintathu-eziboshwe kanye nesiCantonese. Isihlahla esikhulu, eside esinamagatsha amade agobile ku-arc, embozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iqhakaza kusukela ngoJuni, ama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa amboza ihlumela kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Le spirea enezithombe ezikhula ngokushesha ikhula ngokushesha, ubusika bebusika buqinile ebusika obujwayelekile muhle impela, yize ebusika bokugcina lesi sitshalo sehla senyuka saya ezingeni leqhwa.

Okuningi ngokwanda kwe-spirae. Izinhlobo zingasabalalisa izinhlobo zezitshalo. Ema-nzalo (i-billiard, iBumald, iWangutta spirea, emincane, grey, spiky kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo), uma kukhiqizwa imbewu ephumelelayo, izithombo zazo kuzoba nezimpawu ezinhle (okuyiqiniso, nazo ezingabukeka zithakazelisa).

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kangcono ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emabhokisini. Ezinyangeni ezi-2-2 emva kokuvela kwezithombo, izithombo zingena zingene engadini. Isithombo esisesincane ihlumela elilodwa elingalawulwanga elingafika ku-10 cm ukuphakama ngezimpande zesiqu. Ukwakha isistimu enezimpande ezinamandla, ukuphela kwempande eyinhloko kumele kubandakanywe. Eminye iminyaka engama-2-3, noma ngisho ne-4, izithombo izodinga ukufinyelela i-pore yezimbali. Sonke lesi sikhathi zidinga ukhula ngokucophelela, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukuthambisa njalo.

Spirea Wangutta (Spiraea × vanhouttei). © mimosa0

Ukuze ulondoloze izinhlobonhlobo, i-spirea idinga ukusatshalaliswa ngokutshala imifino: ngezinsika noma ngezendlalelo. Ama-Semi-lignified amahlumela acishe abe ngu-10 cm ubude athathwa kuma-cuttings, womabili apical futhi asikiwe engxenyeni ephakathi amahlumela konyaka wamanje.

Ama-cutways atshalwe ngaphansi kwesembozo kwifilimu noma ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe. Ungazibeka ngokuqinile, kepha kuphela ukuze amaqabunga angathinti. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-rooting, ukuchelela emvamisa enjalo kuyadingeka ukuze inhlabathi ihlale umswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukhula kuzodingeka futhi ukuba lukhiphe ukhula lomhlabathi ukuze lungabi lusizi futhi i-moss ingakhuli ebusweni.

Lapho ukutshala ukusika ekuqaleni kuka maphakathi noJulayi, izimpande ezinhle zinesikhathi sokukhula. Cishe zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-spiraea zingasuswa ngaphandle kwezikhuthazo zokwenziwa kwezimpande, kepha ukukhuthaza okunjalo ngeke kuvimbe ukunqunywa kwe-spiraea ye-oak-leaved. Inketho elula kunazo zonke iwukufaka emaphethelweni umswakama omncane we-cuttings kwi-Kornevin powder ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala.

Uma udinga ukuthola inani elincane lezitshalo ezintsha, khona-ke indlela ethembeke kakhulu kulokhu ikhiqiza kabusha. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa amagatsha, amagatsha akhula ngaphesheya kwesihlahla sesihlahla kufanele aboshwe futhi abekwe emigodini engashoni. Bopha iziphetho zamagatsha ngezikhonkwane, uzinikeze ukuma okuthe nkqo. Uma inhlabathi ezindaweni lapho amagatsha angcwatshwa kuyo ngeke ome kakhulu ehlobo isikhathi eside kakhulu, lapho ngokuwa noma entwasahlobo elandelayo ukubekelwa phansi kuzophola ngokwayo.

Izitshalo ezisakazwa indlela yezitshalo eziqhakaza ngokushesha okukhulu kunalezo ezitholwe ngokutshala imbewu. Ukuqhakaza kwe-spirea ehlobo ehlobo ngesizini ezayo, kuqhakaza izimbali entwasahlobo - ngonyaka noma emibili kamuva, kusukela izimbali ezibonakala emagatsheni angonyaka odlule, okufanele zikhule kahle. Uma ihlumela lokuqala empilweni yesithombo lisuswa, khona-ke ukukhula kwesihlahla kuzohamba ngokushesha.

Esizeni sethu, ama-spirea akhula emendweni, afaka imibhede ngemifino futhi akhanyise “umcebo” wezilimo zasensimini. I-Spirea iqhakaza icishe ngokuqhubekayo, ngaleyondlela ihehe abakhongi (lezi izihlahlana izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zoju), amahlamvu aminyene weSpirai avikela imibhede emimoyeni.

Ukuze nginciphise ukunakekelwa kwezihlahlana, ngicwilisa inhlabathi ngaphansi kwawo ngokhuni lwesihlahla. Kepha ezinye i-spirea, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo eziphuzi ezinombala ophephukile, kwisizinda esikhanyayo se-sawdust azibukeki zihle kakhulu, ngakho ngathola enye indlela yokumboza inhlabathi - izingqimba ze-moss eluhlaza. I-Moss ivikela inhlabathi ukuthi isome futhi ingasebenzi ngemuva kokuna kakhulu kwemvula noma ukuchelela, ukhula empeleni aluhlumi phakathi kwalo, ngaphandle kokuthi uhlwayi lomhluzi lunqoba lo mgoqo. Angikhiphi isiqu saso esihlumile, kodwa ngiyibhubhise ngeRoundup. Kwezinye izindawo, ngaphansi kwe-moss strata, ngatshala ama ama-tulips okuqala aphansi, amahlumela, ama-chionodoxes, okuyi-coating okunjalo akuyona isithiyo. Ama-primroses avuselela kabusha ingadi futhi ajabulele umphefumulo, ngesikhathi se-e-spraea efihlekile aqala ukuqhakaza futhi ukuqhakaza okuneziqhumane azisifihli.

Angikaze ngiqaphele ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni zesidumbu. Ngokuzithoba kwabo, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali ezinhle, futhi nombala wasekwindla wamahlamvu, bakuthethelela ngokuphelele futhi bakwedlula nokulindela kwami. Yebo, kamuva nje ngifunde ukuthi i-spirea izitshalo ze-phytoncid, okusho ukuthi azinhle kuphela, kodwa futhi zilusizo kakhulu.

Kuthunyelwe ngu I. Esipova, isifunda saseVladimir