Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zezitshalo zohlobo lwe-Balsamine (Impatiens). Ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zitshalo ezingama-herbaceous zomndeni wama-balsamu zizo zombili zonyaka nezingapheli. Endle, zingatholakala e-Asia nase-Afrika (subtropics and tropical tropics), kanti ezinye izinhlobo zikhula eCentral Asia.
Yini ibhalsamu
Le mbali enhle yaziwa isikhathi eside, futhi ithandwa kakhulu. Kungabhekwa kufanelekile ukuthi isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ibhalsamu lavela okokuqala eYurophu ngonyaka we-1596. Kepha bayayithanda le mbali ngoba ayinakuzithoba ngokuphelele, ukuqhakaza cishe njalo, futhi ingasakazwa kalula nje. Phakathi kwabantu, wamukela amanye amagama amaningi anjengokuthi: ukukhanya, okuphakade, okungakaze kufundwe, kanye neVanka-emanzi.
Iziqu ezihlotshisiwe futhi ezinoshukela kakhulu zingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-15-50 (kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo). Amaqabunga ayo anamanzi, anemiphetho ye-wavy, apendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani noma wethusi. Amaconsi ewuketshezi angakheka kumathiphu amaqabunga, lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuvela komswakama. Yikho abantu babiza lesi sitshalo ngokuthi i-Vanka-esimanzi.
Ebhalsamu, izimbali ziku-axils amaqabunga. Umbala wazo uhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ungathola izinhlobo ezinezimbali ezipinki, ezibomvu, ezimhlophe, eziwolintshi, futhi zingaba namabala noma imivimbo. Kukhona futhi nzalo enamaqabunga amibalabala nezimbali eziphindwe kabili ezimangalisa. Njengomthetho, izimbali zazo zincane impela, kepha ngenxa yombala wazo okhanyayo ziyasebenza kakhulu, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sabizwa ngokuthi "ukukhanya".
Ngemuva kokuphela kwebhalsamu, ithela izithelo eziluhlaza. Futhi-ke, lapho uvuthwa, iba ibhokisi ngaphakathi lapho imbewu itholakala khona. Uma uyithinta kancane, izoqhuma, bese imbewu indiza ibaleke ngejubane eliphezulu ezindaweni ezahlukene. Yikho-ke lathola elinye igama elithi "touchy."
Ukuqhakaza kwalezi zitshalo kuqhubeka cishe njalo unyaka wonke, yingakho igama elithi "evergreen".
Le mbali ikhule njengendlu yangaphakathi yangaphakathi, futhi futhi bahlobisa izingadi namakhamela (ngonyaka).
Ngenxa abafuyi bezitshalo, sekuvele inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo. Ziyahluka ngobukhulu, ukwakheka, ubukhulu kanye nombala wezimbali, kanye namaqabunga.
Ukuze uhlobise i-balcony noma umbhede wezimbali, ungasebenzisa izinhlobo ezikhethekile ezingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi impela. Ukuqhakaza kwazo kuqala entwasahlobo futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yiqhwa.
Futhi, le mbali ilungele amakamelo lapho izingane zivakashela khona isikhathi eside, noma kunalokho, enkulisa, izikole, enkulisa nokunye.
Ukunakekelwa kwebhalsamu ekhaya
Ibhalsamu elikhuliswe ekhaya alifuneki futhi kulula kakhulu ukulinakekela. Kodwa-ke, uma wephula imithetho elula yokunakekelwa, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukuwa kusuka emagqeni phansi kwesiqu. Kepha hhayi lokhu kuphela okungadala ukwehla kwamaqabunga. Lokhu kungenzeka uma imbali isindala kakhulu bese udinga ukuyiphindaphinda. Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, lesi sitshalo ngeke siphele, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, naso sizoqhakaza kakhulu (ezimweni eziningi).
Ukukhanya
Le mbali ingakhula ngokuthula zombili ekukhanyeni okuhle, nasethunzini elilinganayo ngisho nasethunzini. Kepha uma ufuna ukuqhakaza kwayo kuqhubeke futhi kube kuningi, khona-ke kudinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo (amahora amaningi ngosuku kuzokwanela). Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, kungcono ukuyikhipha efasiteleni, eliseningizimu yegumbi, noma umese isitshalo. Inketho enhle yokubeka lesi sitshalo iwindi elibekwe engxenyeni esempumalanga noma entshonalanga yegumbi. Ehlobo, ingakhiphela ngaphandle komgwaqo noma kuvulandi.
Vele, amabhalsamu angumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wengadi yakho. Kepha lapha kufanelekile ukucabanga ukuthi ezindaweni ezinelanga azidingi ukutshalwa. Zizizwa zizinhle ethunzini elilinganayo, futhi kunezinani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezikhula kuphela ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Kukhanya kwelanga, yi-New Guinean hybrids kuphela engakhula.
Imodi yokushisa
Azikho izinketho ezikhethekile. Ukushisa kwegumbi elijwayelekile kuzokwenza. Ebusika, amazinga okushisa akufanele awele ngaphansi kuka-12⁰ C.
I-Moisturizing
Umswakama ojwayelekile, otholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala, ubalungele ngokuphelele. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi umswakama ophansi ngokweqile ungadala izimbali.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama kakhulu. Iqiniso ukuthi lineziqu ezinamanzi. Futhi uma engenawo umswakama owenele, khona-ke iziqu ziba kancane kakhulu bese ziwashiya amaqabunga akhiwe ngezansi.
Ehlobo, ibhalsamu kufanele iniselwe kaningi futhi iqiniseke ukuthi i-substrate ihlala ixubekile. Ebusika, noma kunjalo, udinga ukunisela imbali kancane, kodwa kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi inhlama yobumba ayisiqedi. Uma ama-stagnates e-liquid epanini noma enhlabathini edwetshwe umswakama, khona-ke ukubola kungavela ngeziqu nezimpande.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Le mbali inikezwa kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo amahlandla ambalwa ngenyanga, hhayi kaningi. Umanyolo wezitshalo eziqhakazayo ulungele ukondliwa. Uma umhlaba ugcwele umanyolo we-nitrogen, lapho-ke izimbali ngeke zibe ziningi kakhulu, kepha ibhalsamu likhula ngokukuphilayo.
Ukufakelwa
Kulesi simbali, ingxube yobumba yezitshalo eziqhakazayo ihle kakhulu. Ngokufakelwa, kukhethwa ibhodwe elikhudlwana nje khudlwana kunevolumu yohlelo lwezimpande, ngoba uma likhulu kakhulu, khona-ke ukuqhakaza ngeke kufike isikhathi eside.
Ibhalsamu ekhule kusuka ku-cuttings ayidingi ukufakelwa. Futhi konke ngoba, kuqhakaza yonke intwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, ekwindla ayaguga futhi angabi muhle kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele avuselelwe ngosizo lwokusika.
Yikuphi umhlabathi okufanele ukhethe
Noma iyiphi inhlanganisela evulekile egcwele izakhamzimba ilungele le mibala.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Ibhalsamu lingakhishwa kalula ngokusika noma imbewu. Amahlumela apical alungele ukusikwa, futhi imbewu ingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezimbali. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari noma ngo-Mashi ku-greenhouse noma abamba ukushisa. Amahlumela wokuqala azovela cishe inyanga, inqobo nje uma amazinga okushisa esondele ku-23-25 degrees.
Sika ukusika ngobude kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-8-10. Ukuze kube nezimpande, umhlabathi oswakanyisiwe oxutshwe nesihlabathi uyasetshenziswa, futhi ungathatha namanzi acacile. Banika izimpande ngokushesha ngokwanele, ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nje. Lapho-ke ama-cutter atshalwe emabhodweni amakhulu kakhulu futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa angaqala ukuqhakaza.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Lesi sitshalo singakhanga ama-whiteflies noma ama-aphid. Futhi, uma umoya ungahlanzeki ngokwanele, imbuzane yesicabucabu ingavela. Uma umonakalo ubalulekile, khona-ke ukwelashwa ngama-insecticides akunakwenza. Futhi ngokuswakama ngokweqile, amafomu okubola okungwevu.
Izinkinga nezimbangela ezingaba khona
- Tshala amahlamvu aphansi - Ukuntuleka komswakama noma ukushisa, ukuba khona kwezinambuzane.
- I-Leaf wilt - Ukuntuleka komswakama. Uma ngabe sekwedlule ukuchelela baqhubeka nokufisa, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande selubolile noma kunezinambuzane kulesi simila. Zama ukusiphula ihlumela le-apical futhi.
- Izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali - izakhi ezimbalwa noma ukukhanya. Mhlawumbe isitshalo sitshalwe ebhodweni elikhulu kakhulu.
- Amahlumela aphelile - ukukhanya okuncane noma kushisa kakhulu.
- Ukuwa kwembali - yomisa i-Earthball yomhlaba noma umswakama ophansi ngokweqile.
Izeluleko Zokukhula - Ividiyo
Ukubukwa okudumile okuhlobisayo
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zebhalsamu, okulandelayo kuhlukaniswa ngokukhethekile ngokuhlobisa kwazo:
I-Balsam Hawker (Impatiens Hawkeri)
Kwangibonga kuye ukuthi ama-balsam hybrids ama-New Guinea (Impatiens New Guinea) azalwa. Zinezimbali ezinobukhulu obukhulu ngokwanele, futhi amaqabunga anomumo owedlule. Izimbali ziyaqhubeka unyaka wonke. Lezi nzalo zibekezelela ngokuphelele ukukhanya kwelanga.
I-Balsam Waller or Waller (Impatiens walleriana)
Lolu hlobo lukhokho lwenqwaba yama-nzalo. Amaqabunga anombala obomvana obomvu, futhi iziqu zinoshukela omningi. Unezimbali eziningi futhi imvamisa amboza amaqabunga ngokuphelele.
I-Balsam Niamese (Impatiens niamniamensis)
Lolu hlobo lunezimbali ezihehayo kakhulu ezifana nobhontshisi ngesimo. Ziphuzi noma zibomvu. Futhi kunezinhlobo ezinezimbali zazo ezidwetshwe ngokushesha kuyo yomibili le mibala.
